| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,196 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,423 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 52,248,660 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,780,742 |
تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی کنشگران محلی در مدیریت مشارکتی منابع آب و خاک در روستاهای قلعه سید مقیم و خائیز بهبهان | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 144، مهر 1403، صفحه 111-127 اصل مقاله (1.57 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2024.364399.1563 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهزاد متشفع* 1؛ محمد جوانمرد2؛ ساره هاشم گلوگردی3 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابعطبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابعطبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران | ||
| 3دانش آموختة مقطع دکتری بیابانزدایی دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و هدف حفظ منابع آب و خاک برای توسعة پایدار، ضروری و اجتنابناپذیر است. برنامهریزی برای رسیدن به چنین توسعهای چه در حال و چه در آینده ضرورت دارد. در این میان رابطة انسان بهعنوان سودبر با بومنظام طبیعی باید در رأس سیاستگذاریها و مدیریت جامع منابع آب باشد. بر این اساس لازمة مدیریت موفق منابع آب، تغییر رویکرد به سمت مدیریت مشارکتی است. موفقیت در طرحهای آبخیزداری بستگی تام به اندازة مشارکت مردم در تصمیمگیری، اجرا و حفاظت از طرحها دارد. یکی از اجزاء اساسی در تصدیگری منابع آب در سطح محلی، بهرهبرداران محلی از منابع آب هستند و برای شکلگیری سازوکار مشارکتی منابع آب، رابطة دوسویه و تعاملی میان نهادهای دولتی و این بهرهبرداران، ضروری است. در این راستا شبکههای اجتماعی میتوانند بهشکل مؤثری در مدیریت مشارکتی بهکار روند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی بهرهبرداران منابع آب و خاک در روستاهای خائیز و قلعه سید مقیم و تعیین قدرتهای اصلی شبکه به منظور اعمال مدیریت مشارکتی موفق این منابع میباشد. مواد و روشها در این پژوهش برای بررسی و تحلیل ساختار الگوی رابطههای میان کنشگران منابع آب و خاک در دو روستای خاییز و قلعة سید مقیم از نظریة شبکة اجتماعی و اصول و مبانی آن استفادهشد. ابتدا با استفاده از پیمایش محلی و پرسشنامه، دادههای اعتماد و مشارکت براساس طیف لیکرت (صفر، خیلیکم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلیزیاد) جمعآوری شد و سپس ماتریس رابطههای اعتماد و مشارکت تشکیل شد. همچنین، شاخصهای گوناگون شبکه در سه سطح کلان (شامل تراکم، تمرکز و اندازة شبکه، اندازة دوسویگی و انتقالپذیری پیوندها، میانگین فاصلة ژئودزیک و شاخص E-I)، میانی (شامل مرکز پیرامون و تراکم زیرگروهها) و خرد (شامل مرکزیتهای درجة ورودی، خروجی و بینابینی) با استفاده از نرمافزار UCINET محاسبه و ارزیابی شد. نتایج و بحث براساس شاخصهای بهدست آمده، شبکة اجتماعی کنشگران در هر دو روستا پایدار و متعادل بود. بنابراین، میتوان بهخوبی در راستای حفظ منابع آب و خاک گام برداشت. شبکة بهرهبرداران روستای قلعة سید مقیم همبستگی بیشتری داشت و در نتیجه برای توسعة پایدار محلی بر فعالیتهای مشارکتی تأثیرگذارتر بود. از سوی دیگر، افراد در قلعة سید مقیم توانستند با سرعت بیشتری با هم در پیوند باشند و ایجاد اعتماد و فعالیتهای دستهجمعی آنها در زمان کمتری انجام شد. همچنین، در هر دو سامان کنشگران کلیدی شناخته شدند و باید با روش شایسته در تصمیمگیری و مدیریت مشارکتی منابع آب و خاک منطقه دخالتداده شوند. نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادها تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی، ابزار بسیار مناسبی برای مدیران در شناخت بهرهبرداران و رابطههای میان آنها است که در نتیجه مدیریت منابع آب را کارآمد میسازد. بر پایة نتایج این پژوهش برای همبستگی و تحکیم شبکه در خائیز، بایستی کنشگران غیرکلیدی را برای ایجاد پیوندهای اعتماد و مشارکت تشویق کرد. ازسویدیگر، میتوان با برگزاری کلاسهای آموزشی و ترویجی، مشارکت و اعتماد موجود را حفظ کرد و زمینه را برای ایجاد اعتماد و مشارکت هر چه بیشتر کنشگران، فراهم کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی؛ کنشگران محلی؛ شاخصهای شبکهای؛ مدیریت مشارکتی؛ منابع آب و خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Social Network Analysis of Local Stakeholders in Water and Soil Resources Co-Management in Behbahan Ghale Seyed Moghim and Khaeiz villages | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Behzad Moteshaffeh1؛ Mohammad Javanmard2؛ Sareh Hashem Geloogerdi3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran | ||
| 2Master of Watershed Engineering, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Behbahan, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. in Combating Desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources and Geoscience, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction and Goal Conservation of water and soil resources is necessary and inevitable for sustainable development. Planning is necessary for achieving this development both now and in the future. In this regard, the human relationship as a beneficiary of the natural ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of water resources. Based on this, the requirement for successful management of water resources is to change the approach towards cooperative management. The success of watershed projects entirely depends on people's participation in the decision-making, implementation, and conservation of the projects. One of the main components in water resources management at the local level is the local stakeholders and their interactive relationship between them and the government institutions is necessary for forming a cooperative mechanism of water resources. In this regard, social networks can be effectively used in collaborative management. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social network of water and soil resources stakeholders in Khaeiz and Ghale Seyed Moghim villages and to determine the main strengths of the network in order to apply successful collaborative management of these resources. Materials and Methods In the current research, social network theory and its principles were used to investigate and analyze the pattern of relations between the stakeholders of water and soil resources in Ghale Seyed Moghim and Khaeiz villages. First, using a local survey and a questionnaire, trust, and participation data were collected based on the Likert scale (zero, very little, low, medium, high, and very high), and a matrix of trust and participation relationships was formed, and the matrix of trust and participation relations was formed. Then, different network indicators in macro (including density, concentration, and size of the network, degree of ambidexterity and transferability of links, average geodesic distance, and E-I index), meso (including indicators of peripheral center and density of subgroups) and micro (including input degree centralities, output and intermediate) levels were calculated and evaluated using UCINET software. Results and Discussion Based on the calculated indicators, the network of beneficiaries in both villages is stable and balanced. Therefore, it is possible to plan to preserve water and soil resources well. The network of the stakeholders in Ghale Seyed Moghim village is more cohesive, which will be more effective in cooperative activities in the matter of local sustainable development Instead, people in Seyed Moghim villages were able to connect with each other more quickly, and building trust as well as their collective activities takes place in less time. Also, key actors were identified in both networks and should be involved in the decision-making and participatory management of water and soil resources in the region. Conclusion and Suggestions Social network analysis provides managers with an effective tool to identify users and their relationships, making water resources management efficient. Considering the results of network cohesion in Khaeiz, non-key actors should be encouraged to create trust and partnership bonds. Also, through educational and promotional activities, the existing participation and trust in the networks should be maintained, and the opportunity to create new trust and participation of stakeholders should be provided. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Collaborative management, local stakeholders, network indicators, social network analysis, water and soil resources | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aubin D, Riche C, Water VV, Jeunesse I. 2019. The adaptive capacity of local water basin authorities to climate change: The Thau lagoon basin in France. Science of The Total Environment, 651 p, Part 2: 2013-2023. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.078. Abdollah Najafabadi H, Shabani Shahreza AM, Nourian najafabadi M, Jahangir N. 2017. Examining the role of public participation in sustainable urban development. Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Iran in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development, 16 August, Tehran, Iran, 1719 p. (In Persian). Ahmadi R, Heydari Q, Rastgar S, Mohammadi Kangrani H. 2022. Comparison of structural indicators of social networks of rancher’s participation in summer rangeland management systems delarstaq, Amol. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 19(2): 212-230. (In Persian). 20.1001.1.17350859.1400.19.2.2.1. Alipour P, Zahedi M, SHiyaei M. 2009. Trust and partnership (Studying the relationship between trust and social participation in Tehran). Iranian Journal of Sociology, 10(2): 109-135. (In Persian). 20.1001.1.17351901.1388.10.2.5.9. Barnes-Mauthe M, Allen SD, Gray SA, Leung PS. 2013. The influence of ethnic diversity on social network structure in a common-pool resource system: implication for collaborative management. Ecology and Society, 18(1): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05295-180123 Basati H, Poursaeid A, Allahyari MS, Eshraghi Samani R, Chaharsoqi Amin H. 2019. Social network analysis of local water user associations’ actors: evidence from Iran. Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management, 8(1): 91-97. DOI:10.26491/mhwm/116668 Bodin O, Crona B. 2009. The role of social networks in natural resource governance: what relational patterns make a difference? Global Environmental Change, 19(3): 366- 374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.05.002 Bodin O, García MM, Robins G. 2020. Reconciling conflict and cooperation in environmental governance: A Social Network Perspective. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45(1): 471-495. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-011020-064352.Borgatti SP, Everett MG, Freeman LC. 2002. Ucinet 6 for windows: Software for social network analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies. Cho SW, Allred SB, Stedman R. 2024. The social fabric of watershed management: Comparison of citizen-based and agency-based organizations. Water, 16(1):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010111 Darvishi A, Fakheran S, Yousefi M, Ghorbani M, Ahadi, M. 2022. Social network analysis for planning and environmental co-management. Environmental Researches, 13(25): 151-165. (In Persian). 20.1001.1.20089597.1401.13.25.9.0 Ebrahimi Azarkharan F, Ghorbani M, Salajegheh A, Mohseni Saravi M. 2014. Social network analysis of local stakeholders in action plan for water resources co-management (Case study: Jajrood River in Latian Watershed, Darbandsar Village). Iran-Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 8(25): 47-56. (In Persian). 20.1001.1.20089554.1393.8.25.1.0 Firuozpoor M, Erfanzadeh R, Ghorbani M, Rasekhi S. Social network analysis and structural scheme of social relation among rangeland stakeholders (Case study: Takor Village, Noor). Journal of Rangeland, 3(9): 244-254. (In Persian). 20.1001.1.20080891.1394.9.3.4.1 Folke C, Colding J. 2003. Navigating social-ecological systems: Building resilience for complexity and change, Uk: Cambridge University Press. Gatt K. 2016. Social network analysis as a tool for improved water governance in Malta. International Journal of Society Systems Science, 8(2): 131-154. DOI:10.1504/IJSSS.2016.077013 Ghorbani M, Azarnivand H, Mehrabi AA, Bastani S, Jafari M, Nayebi H. 2013. Social network analysis: A new approach in policy-making and planning of natural resources co-management. Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 65(4): 553-568. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2012.32053 Ghorbani F, Behboudi D, Zarghami M. 2022. Participatory water resources management strategy: Institutional analysis and collective action approach (Sahand Dam Downstream). Water and Irrigation Management, 12(1): 121-137. (In Persian). 10.22059/jwim.2022.333694.943 Ghorbani M, Rasekhi S, Karami A. 2017. Analysis of structural characteristics of social capital in society oriented rural management establishment (Aliabad Hashtsadmetri Village, Rigan District, Kerman Province). Journal of Rural Research, 8(2): 228-241. (In Persian). 10.22059/jrur.2017.62673 Ghorbani M, Azadi H. 2021. A Social-relational approach for analyzing trust and collaboration networks as preconditions for rangeland comanagement. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 75: 170-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.10.008 Goonetilleke A, Vithanage M. 2017. Water resources management: Innovation and challenges in a changing world. water, 9(4): 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040281 Hajati N, Arghan A, Mansouri A. 2015. The role of regional planning in the sustainable development of water resources (with emphasis on aspects of integrated management). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water Crisis in Iran and the Middle East, 15 February, Shiraz, Iran, 1507 p. (In Persian). Hanneman RA, Riddle M. 2005. Introduction to social network methods. California: University of California Riverside. Hoseini M, Golkarian A. 2019. Social network analysis of local stakeholders in Governance of water resources (Case study: Watershed of Kharve Olya - Neyshabur City). Journal of Range and Watershed Managment, 72(3): 683-698. (In Persian). doi: 10.22059/jrwm.2019.223139.1086 Islami I. 2020. Assessment of the network of social trust structures based on network analysis method: study of local stakeholders of rangelands - Yazd Province. Journal of Rural Research, 11(3): 454-465. (In Persian). 10.22059/jrur.2020.288516.1399 Islami I, Sarvi Sadrabad H, Tabatabaei H, Rahmani, M. 2021. Investigating the effectiveness of education with the aim of developing participatory communication in conservation: A study of qanat water supply system in Khezrabad, Yazd. Environmental Sciences, 19(3): 71-84. (In Persian). 10.52547/envs.2021.35822 Leahy E, Anderson H. 2008. Trust 22- factors in community–water resource management agency relationships. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 87(2): 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.05.004 Lin T, Ko AP, Then MM, Catacutan DC, Finlayson RF, Isaac ME. 2021. Farmer social networks: The role of advice ties and organizational leadership in agroforestry adoption. PLoS ONE, 16(8): e0255987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255987. Lin J, Tian Y, Yao Q, Shi Y. 2023. Structural characteristics of intergovernmental water pollution control cooperation networks using social network analysis and GIS in Yangtze River delta urban agglomeration, China. Sustainability, 15(18): 13655. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813655. Oliveira M, Gama J. 2012. An overview of social network analysis. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 2(2): 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1048. Mohammadjani E, Yazdanian N. 2014. The Analysis of the water crisis situation in the country and its management requirements. Trend, 21(65-66): 117-144. (In Persian). Salimi Kochi J, Ebrahimi P. 2017. Network analysis of local stakeholders and social cohesion in the participatory management of water resources (Case Study: Watershed Myanjangal, Fasa City). Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 11(37):57-63. (In Persian). Salari F, Ghorbani M, Malekian A, Fahmi H. 2015. Analysis of local beneficiaries and social capital in water resources co- social network management (Case study: Watershed Razin of Kermanshah). Iran-Watershed Management Science and Engineering, 9(29): 35-46. (In Persian). Sarvi sadrabad H, Islami I. 2019. Analysis of the social network and bonding social capital in participatory management of water resources (Case study: Sadrabad Village, Nodoushan Catchment, Yazd Province). Journal of Range and Watershed Managment, 72(3): 739-753. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2019.282477.1389. Scholz JT, Wang C.-L. 2006. Cooptation or transformation? Local policy networksand federal regulatory enforcement. American Journal of Political Science, 50(1): 81–97. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00171x. Stosch KC, Quilliam RS, Bunnefeld N, Oliver DM. 2022. Rapid characterisation of stakeholder networks in three catchments reveals contrasting land-water management issues. land, 11(12): 2324. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122324. Wasserman S, Faust K. 1994. Social network analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 772 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 363 |
||