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اثر تنش‌های خشکی و شوری بر ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس در اندام‌های مختلف گیاه خلال دندان (Ammi visnaga L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 39، شماره 4، دی 1402، صفحه 604-621 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.361720.3303 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پوراندخت گلکار* 1؛ گلناز عرب2؛ محمد رضا وهابی3؛ حمیدرضا عشقی زاده4 | ||
| 1هیات علمی دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 2دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 3دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 4دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه خلال دندان (Ammi visnaga L.) از گیاهان دارویی و معطر و متعلق به خانواده چتریان است. اسانس این گیاه دارای ترکیب‌های معطر مهم با خواص ارزشمند درمانی و تغذیه‌ای می‌باشد. تنش‌های محیطی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر روی کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس در گیاهان دارویی دارند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرهای مستقل و توأم تنش‌های شوری بر بازده اسانس و اجزای اسانس در اندام‌های مختلف خلال دندان (بذر و سرشاخه) در شرایط مزرعه‌ای انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان واقع در لورک نجف‌آباد انجام شد. در هر تکرار 2 ردیف کاشت به طول 3 متر از بذرهای گیاه خلال دندان کاشته شد. سطوح مختلف تنش شوری به‌عنوان پلات‌های اصلی و سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی به‌عنوان پلات‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. سطوح شوری به‌ترتیب شامل S1 (صفر میلی‌مولار)، S2 (80 میلی‌مولار) و S3 (100 میلی‌مولار) از نمک کلرید سدیم و سطوح خشکی به‌ترتیب براساس 50% (D1)، 70% (D2) و 85% (D3) تخلیه آب از ظرفیت زراعی خاک در نظر گرفته شدند. اعمال تنش‌های شوری و خشکی به‌صورت همزمان از مرحله 10% گلدهی بوته‌ها شروع و تا آخرین مرحله رسیدگی ادامه یافت. پس از رسیدگی کامل بوته‌ها، عملکرد بوته‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. سپس اسانس نمونه‌ها از اندام‌های سرشاخه و بذر با استفاده از روش کلونجر و در طی زمان حدود 4 ساعت استخراج شد. آنگاه ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس با دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی گازی و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی شناسایی گردید. نتایج: تنش‌های مستقل و توأم خشکی و شوری باعث افزایش معنی‌دار درصد اسانس در گیاه خلال دندان شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس سرشاخه (1.26%) در شرایط عدم وقوع تنش خشکی و تنش متوسط شوری (D1S2) و کمترین درصد اسانس در سرشاخه (0.25%) در شرایط شاهد (D1S1) مشاهده شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس بذر (0.25%) در شرایط D2S2 (تنش متوسط خشکی و شوری) و کمترین مقدار (0.12%) در شرایط D1S2 (عدم وقوع تنش خشکی و شوری متوسط) مشاهده گردید. نتایج تجزیه ترکیب‌های اسانس در مجموع 25 ترکیب در اسانس بذر و سرشاخه شناسایی کرد که بیشترین و کمترین ترکیب‌ها به‌ترتیب متعلق به گروه‌های مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه و دی‌ترپن‌های اکسیژنه در هر دو اندام سرشاخه و بذر بود. نتایج تجزیه اسانس، سمبرن (cembrene) را به‌عنوان ترکیب اصلی در بذر و سرشاخه شناسایی کرد که کمترین مقدار سمبرن در اسانس بذر (23.3%) و اسانس سرشاخه (26.2%) و بیشترین مقدار سمبرن در تنش ترکیبی شدید خشکی و شوری (D3S3) به‌ترتیب با مقدار33.3% (بذر) و 36.6% ( سرشاخه) گزارش شد. ترکیب 2-متیل-2-متیل بوتیل استر، به‌عنوان دومین ترکیب مهم شناسایی شده در اندام‌های سرشاخه و بذر خلال دندان مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار آن در اسانس بذر (9.4%) تحت شرایط تنش توأم خشکی ملایم و شوری ملایم (D2S2) و بیشترین مقدار این ترکیب در اسانس سرشاخه (18.5%) تحت شرایط تنش ملایم خشکی (D2S1) مشاهده گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از کروماتوگرافی، تنش‌های خشکی و شوری باعث افزایش درصد اسانس و ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اجزای اسانس در خلال دندان شد. با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک کشور و به‌تبع آن شور شدن تدریجی خاک‌ها، این گیاه می‌تواند به‌عنوان گیاهی انتخابی در برنامه‌های اصلاحی گیاهان دارویی و اهداف مرتبط با صنایع غذایی و دارویی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس؛ چتریان؛ سرشاخه؛ بذر؛ سیمبرن؛ منو ترپن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of drought and salinity stress on chemical constituents of essential oils from different plant organs of Ammi visnaga L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Pooran Golkar1؛ Golnaz Arab2؛ Mohammad Reza Vahabi3؛ Hamidrez Eshghizadeh4 | ||
| 1Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Ammi visnaga L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant in the Apiaceae family. The essential oils of this plant have highly valuable aromatic compounds with valuable therapeutic and nutritional properties. Environmental stresses affect the quantity and quality of essential oils (EOs) in medicinal plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the independent and combined effects of salinity and drought stresses on EOs (%) and their chemical constituents in different organs of A. visnaga (seeds and head branches) under field conditions. Methodology: This study was carried out in the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology located in Lavark, Najafabad, using a split-plot design with three replications. Each replicate consisted of two rows (3 m long) of A. visnaga seeds. Different levels of salinity stress and drought stress were considered as main plots and subplots, respectively. Three levels of salinity stress [S1 (0 mM NaCl), S2 (80 mM NaCl), and S3 (80 mM NaCl)] and three drought stress levels based on soil depletion rate [D1: normal 50%, D2: moderate stress 60% and D3: severe stress 85%] were applied. Applying salt and drought stresses simultaneously started at the flowering stage (10%) and continued until the full maturity stage. After the full maturity stage of the plants, seed yield was measured. Then, the EOs extraction was done based on the Clevenger method in about 4 hours from head branches and seed samples for all studied treatments. The chemical constituents were identified using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. Results: The independent and combined stresses of drought and salinity caused a significant increase in EOs (%) of A.visnaga. The highest EOs in the head branch (1.26%) were detected under non-drought and medium salinity stress conditions (D1S1). The lowest EOs (0.25%) were observed under non-drought and non-salinity conditions (D1S1). The highest EOs (0.25%) in seed samples were observed under D2S2 conditions (moderate drought and salinity stress), but the least amount (0.12%) was found under D1S2 conditions (moderate salinity stress) and D1S3 (severe salinity stress). The analysis of essential EOs identified 25 compounds in both seeds and head branch samples. These compounds belong to six main chemical groups. The most and lowest compounds belonged to the groups of hydrocarbon monoterpenes and oxygenated diterpenes in both branches and seeds, respectively. Cembrene was identified as the main chemical compound in seed and head branch EOs. The lowest values for cembrene were reported as 23.32 % and 26.16% in seed and head branch EOs, respectively. The highest values for cembrene were reported as 33.31% and 36.62% in seed and head branch EOs under treatment. The compound 2-methyl-2-methylbutyl ester was identified as the second most abundant compound in the head branches and seeds of A. visnaga. The highest amount of this compound was observed in seed EOs (9.38%) under mild drought and mild salinity stress (D2S2), and the highest amount of this compound was observed in head branch EOs (18.5%) under mild drought stress (D2S1) conditions. Conclusion: According to the study results, drought and salinity stress caused a quantitative and qualitative increase in A. visnaga EOs. Considering the climatic conditions of the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran and the consequent gradual salinization of soils, this plant can be considered a plant of choice in medicinal plant breeding programs, as well as goals related to the food and pharmaceutical industries. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Essential oil, Apiaceae, head branch, seed, cembrene, monoterpenes | ||
| مراجع | ||
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