| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,081 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,377 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,002,368 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,922,260 |
اثر تنش‌های خشکی و شوری بر ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس در اندام‌های مختلف گیاه خلال دندان (Ammi visnaga L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 39، شماره 4، دی 1402، صفحه 604-621 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.361720.3303 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پوراندخت گلکار* 1؛ گلناز عرب2؛ محمد رضا وهابی3؛ حمیدرضا عشقی زاده4 | ||
| 1هیات علمی دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 2دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 3دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان | ||
| 4دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه خلال دندان (Ammi visnaga L.) از گیاهان دارویی و معطر و متعلق به خانواده چتریان است. اسانس این گیاه دارای ترکیب‌های معطر مهم با خواص ارزشمند درمانی و تغذیه‌ای می‌باشد. تنش‌های محیطی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر روی کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس در گیاهان دارویی دارند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثرهای مستقل و توأم تنش‌های شوری بر بازده اسانس و اجزای اسانس در اندام‌های مختلف خلال دندان (بذر و سرشاخه) در شرایط مزرعه‌ای انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان واقع در لورک نجف‌آباد انجام شد. در هر تکرار 2 ردیف کاشت به طول 3 متر از بذرهای گیاه خلال دندان کاشته شد. سطوح مختلف تنش شوری به‌عنوان پلات‌های اصلی و سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی به‌عنوان پلات‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. سطوح شوری به‌ترتیب شامل S1 (صفر میلی‌مولار)، S2 (80 میلی‌مولار) و S3 (100 میلی‌مولار) از نمک کلرید سدیم و سطوح خشکی به‌ترتیب براساس 50% (D1)، 70% (D2) و 85% (D3) تخلیه آب از ظرفیت زراعی خاک در نظر گرفته شدند. اعمال تنش‌های شوری و خشکی به‌صورت همزمان از مرحله 10% گلدهی بوته‌ها شروع و تا آخرین مرحله رسیدگی ادامه یافت. پس از رسیدگی کامل بوته‌ها، عملکرد بوته‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. سپس اسانس نمونه‌ها از اندام‌های سرشاخه و بذر با استفاده از روش کلونجر و در طی زمان حدود 4 ساعت استخراج شد. آنگاه ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس با دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی گازی و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی شناسایی گردید. نتایج: تنش‌های مستقل و توأم خشکی و شوری باعث افزایش معنی‌دار درصد اسانس در گیاه خلال دندان شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس سرشاخه (1.26%) در شرایط عدم وقوع تنش خشکی و تنش متوسط شوری (D1S2) و کمترین درصد اسانس در سرشاخه (0.25%) در شرایط شاهد (D1S1) مشاهده شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس بذر (0.25%) در شرایط D2S2 (تنش متوسط خشکی و شوری) و کمترین مقدار (0.12%) در شرایط D1S2 (عدم وقوع تنش خشکی و شوری متوسط) مشاهده گردید. نتایج تجزیه ترکیب‌های اسانس در مجموع 25 ترکیب در اسانس بذر و سرشاخه شناسایی کرد که بیشترین و کمترین ترکیب‌ها به‌ترتیب متعلق به گروه‌های مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه و دی‌ترپن‌های اکسیژنه در هر دو اندام سرشاخه و بذر بود. نتایج تجزیه اسانس، سمبرن (cembrene) را به‌عنوان ترکیب اصلی در بذر و سرشاخه شناسایی کرد که کمترین مقدار سمبرن در اسانس بذر (23.3%) و اسانس سرشاخه (26.2%) و بیشترین مقدار سمبرن در تنش ترکیبی شدید خشکی و شوری (D3S3) به‌ترتیب با مقدار33.3% (بذر) و 36.6% ( سرشاخه) گزارش شد. ترکیب 2-متیل-2-متیل بوتیل استر، به‌عنوان دومین ترکیب مهم شناسایی شده در اندام‌های سرشاخه و بذر خلال دندان مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار آن در اسانس بذر (9.4%) تحت شرایط تنش توأم خشکی ملایم و شوری ملایم (D2S2) و بیشترین مقدار این ترکیب در اسانس سرشاخه (18.5%) تحت شرایط تنش ملایم خشکی (D2S1) مشاهده گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از کروماتوگرافی، تنش‌های خشکی و شوری باعث افزایش درصد اسانس و ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اجزای اسانس در خلال دندان شد. با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک کشور و به‌تبع آن شور شدن تدریجی خاک‌ها، این گیاه می‌تواند به‌عنوان گیاهی انتخابی در برنامه‌های اصلاحی گیاهان دارویی و اهداف مرتبط با صنایع غذایی و دارویی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس؛ چتریان؛ سرشاخه؛ بذر؛ سیمبرن؛ منو ترپن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of drought and salinity stress on chemical constituents of essential oils from different plant organs of Ammi visnaga L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Pooran Golkar1؛ Golnaz Arab2؛ Mohammad Reza Vahabi3؛ Hamidrez Eshghizadeh4 | ||
| 1Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Ammi visnaga L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant in the Apiaceae family. The essential oils of this plant have highly valuable aromatic compounds with valuable therapeutic and nutritional properties. Environmental stresses affect the quantity and quality of essential oils (EOs) in medicinal plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the independent and combined effects of salinity and drought stresses on EOs (%) and their chemical constituents in different organs of A. visnaga (seeds and head branches) under field conditions. Methodology: This study was carried out in the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology located in Lavark, Najafabad, using a split-plot design with three replications. Each replicate consisted of two rows (3 m long) of A. visnaga seeds. Different levels of salinity stress and drought stress were considered as main plots and subplots, respectively. Three levels of salinity stress [S1 (0 mM NaCl), S2 (80 mM NaCl), and S3 (80 mM NaCl)] and three drought stress levels based on soil depletion rate [D1: normal 50%, D2: moderate stress 60% and D3: severe stress 85%] were applied. Applying salt and drought stresses simultaneously started at the flowering stage (10%) and continued until the full maturity stage. After the full maturity stage of the plants, seed yield was measured. Then, the EOs extraction was done based on the Clevenger method in about 4 hours from head branches and seed samples for all studied treatments. The chemical constituents were identified using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. Results: The independent and combined stresses of drought and salinity caused a significant increase in EOs (%) of A.visnaga. The highest EOs in the head branch (1.26%) were detected under non-drought and medium salinity stress conditions (D1S1). The lowest EOs (0.25%) were observed under non-drought and non-salinity conditions (D1S1). The highest EOs (0.25%) in seed samples were observed under D2S2 conditions (moderate drought and salinity stress), but the least amount (0.12%) was found under D1S2 conditions (moderate salinity stress) and D1S3 (severe salinity stress). The analysis of essential EOs identified 25 compounds in both seeds and head branch samples. These compounds belong to six main chemical groups. The most and lowest compounds belonged to the groups of hydrocarbon monoterpenes and oxygenated diterpenes in both branches and seeds, respectively. Cembrene was identified as the main chemical compound in seed and head branch EOs. The lowest values for cembrene were reported as 23.32 % and 26.16% in seed and head branch EOs, respectively. The highest values for cembrene were reported as 33.31% and 36.62% in seed and head branch EOs under treatment. The compound 2-methyl-2-methylbutyl ester was identified as the second most abundant compound in the head branches and seeds of A. visnaga. The highest amount of this compound was observed in seed EOs (9.38%) under mild drought and mild salinity stress (D2S2), and the highest amount of this compound was observed in head branch EOs (18.5%) under mild drought stress (D2S1) conditions. Conclusion: According to the study results, drought and salinity stress caused a quantitative and qualitative increase in A. visnaga EOs. Considering the climatic conditions of the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran and the consequent gradual salinization of soils, this plant can be considered a plant of choice in medicinal plant breeding programs, as well as goals related to the food and pharmaceutical industries. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Essential oil, Apiaceae, head branch, seed, cembrene, monoterpenes | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abdoli, S., Ghassemi-Golezani, K. and Alizadeh-Salteh, S., 2020. Responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) to exogenous salicylic acid and iron oxide nanoparticles under salt stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(29): 36939-36953. - Abdul-Jalil, T.Z., Saour, K. and Nasser, A.A., 2010. Phytochemical Study of some flavonoids present in the fruits of Two Ammi L. species wildly grown in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, - Adams, R.P., 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography /quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Allured, Carol Stream, 745p. - Ahmed, S.S.T., Fahim, J. and Abdelmohsen, U.R., 2021. Chemical and biological potential of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. and Apium graveolens L.: A review. Journal of advanced Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(3): 160-176. - Amiri, H. and Ghasemi Ramazanabad, Z., 2018. The effects of salinity on chemical composition of essential oil of Satureja rechingeri. Journal of Plant Reseach, 31: 248-257. - Ashraf, M. and Orooj, A., 2006. Salt stress effects on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil concentration in an arid zone traditional medicinal plant ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague). Journal of Arid Environments, 64(2): 209-220. - Bahreininejad, B., Razmjoo, J. and Mirza, M., 2013. Influence of water stress on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits in Thymus daenensis. International Journal of Plant Production, 7: - Biswas, S., Koul, M. and Bhatnagar, A.K., 2011. Effect of salt, drought and metal stress on essential oil yield and quality in plants. Natural Product Communications, 6(10): 1559-1564. - Chevallier, A., 2016. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: 550 Herbs and Remedies for Common Ailments. Penguin. - Dashti, M., Mirza, M., Kafi, M. and Tavakkoli, H., 2015. Effects of water deficit stress on Salvia leriifolia Benth. yield and essential oil composition. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(2): 262-274. - Dehghan, A. and Rahimmalek, M., 2018. The effect of salt stress on morphological traits and essential oil content of Iranian and foreign yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) genotypes. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions-Isfahan University of Technology, - Ehsanzadeh, P. and Gholami Zali, A., 2019. Physiological, antioxidative and yield responses of three fennel genotypes to exogenous proline under drought stress condition. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 8(32): 1-18. - Fabriki Ourang, S. and Mehrabad-Pourbenab, S., 2016. The effects of drought and salt stresses on some morphological and biochemical parameters of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(3): 23-35. - Feirouz, B. and Salima, K.G., 2014. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Ammi visnaga L. essential oil collected from Boumerdes (Algeria) during three periods of the plant growth. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(6): 1317-1328. - Gouvea, D.R., Gobbo-Neto, L. and Lopes, N.P., 2012. The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant bioactives and drug discovery: Principles, Practice, and Perspectives, 17: 419. - Hashim, S., Jan, A.S.A.D., Marwat, K.B. and Khan, M.A., 2014. Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Ammi visnaga (Apiacae). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(3): 861-867. - Hedayati, A., Mirjalili, M.H. and Hadian, J., 2016. Chemical diversity in the essential oil from different plant organs of Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse. Journal of Plant Reseach (Iranian Journal of Biology), 29(4): 897-906. - Jalali, T.H., Ebrahimian, Z.J., Armando, J.D. and Domingues, M., 2012. Deeper insight into the monoterpenic composition of Ferula gummosa oleo-gum-resin from Iran. Industrial Crops and Products, 36: 500-507. - Jaradat, N.A., Zaid, A.N., Al-Ramahi, R., Alqub, M.A., Hussein, F., Hamdan, Z., Mustafa, M., Qneibi, M. and Ali, I., 2017. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants practiced by traditional healers and herbalists for treatment of some urological diseases in the West Bank/Palestine. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine, - Khadhri, A., El Mokni, R., Mguis, K., Ouerfelli, I. and Araujo M., 2011. Variability of two essential oils of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. a traditional Tunisian medicinal plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 5079-5082 - Kamal, F.Z., Stanciu, G.D., Lefter, R., Cotea, V.V., Niculaua, M., Ababei, D.C., Ciobica, A. and Ech-Chahad, A., 2022. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga L. essential oil. Antioxidants, 11(2): 347. - Khalfallah, A., Labed, A., Semra, Z., Kaki, B., Kabouche, A., Touzani, R. and Kabouche, Z., 2011. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ammi visnaga L. (Apiaceae) from Constantine, Algeria. Intenational Journal of Medicine and Aromatic Plant, 1(3): 302-305. - Khalil, N., Bishr, M., Desouky, S. and Salama, O., 2020. Ammi visnaga L., a potential medicinal plant: A review. Molecule, 25: 301. - Laribi, B., Bettaieb, I., Kouki, K., Sahli, A., Mougou, A. and Marzouk, B., 2009. Water deficit effects on caraway (Carum carvi L.) growth, essential oil and fatty acid composition. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(3): 372-379. - Misra, A. and Srivastava, N. K., 2000. Influence of water stress on Japanese mint. Journal of Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants, 7: 51-58. - Mohamed, M.A. and Abdu, M., 2004. Growth and oil production of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.): effect of irrigation and organic fertilization. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 22(1): 31-39. - Osama, S., El Sherei, M., Al-Mahdy, D.A., Bishr, M. and Salama, O., 2019. Effect of Salicylic acid foliar spraying on growth parameters, γ-pyrones, phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of drought stressed Ammi visnaga L. plant. Industrial Crops and Products, 134: 1-10. - Razavizadeh, R., Shafeghat, M. and Najafi, S., 2014. Effect of water deficit on morphological and physiological parameters of Carum copticum. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 6(22): 25-38. - Razmjoo, K.H., Heydarizadeh, P. and Sabzalian, M.R., 2008. Effect of salinity and drought stresses on growth parameters and essential oil content of Matricaria chamomile. International. Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 10(4): 451-454. - Rezaieseresht, H., Shobeiri, S.S. and Kaskani, A., 2020. Chenopodium botrys essential oil as a source of sesquiterpenes to induce apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 19(2): 341-351. - Sangwan, N.S., Farooqi, A.H.S., Shabih, F. and Sangwan, R.S., 2001. Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 34: 3-21. - Sarmoum, R., Haid, S., Biche, M., Djazouli, Z., Zebib, B. and Merah, O., 2019. Effects of salinity and water stress on the Eessential oil components of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Agronomy, 214. - Sedláková, J., Kocourková, B., Lojková, L. and Kubáň, V., 2003. The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.). Horticultural science, 30(2): 73-79. - Sefidkon, F., Abbasi, K. and Khaniki, G.B., 2006. Influence of drying and extraction methods on yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Satureja hortensis. Food chemistry, 99(1): 9-23. - Sellami, H.K., Napolitano, A., Masullo, M., Smiti, S., Piacente, S. and Pizza, C., 2013. Influence of growing conditions on metabolite profile of - Selmar, D., Kleinwächter, M., Abouzeid, S., Yahyazadeh, M. and Nowak, M., 2017. The impact of drought stress on the quality of spice and medicinal plants. 159-175, In: Ghorbanpour, M. and Varma, A. (Eds.), Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges, Springer Cham, 429p. - Taarit, M.B., Msaada, K., Hosni, K. and Marzouk, B., 2010. Changes in fatty acid and essential oil composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves under NaCl stress. Food Chemistry, 119(3): 951-956. - Yavari, P., 2020. Variation of morphological characteristics essential oil yield and phenolic content of ajowan Trachyspermum ammi L. accessions under salt stress Parisa Yavar. MsC thesis, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Isfahan University of Technology, Iran. - Zaeid, F.A., Omer, E.A., Amin, A.Y. and Hanafy, S.A., 2014. Effect of putrescine and salicylic acid on Ajwain plant (Trachyspermum ammi) at vegetative stage grown under drought stress. Internnational Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 4(6): 61-80.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 433 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 553 |
||