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Using statistical methods to determine spatio-temporal distribution of aphids and aphidophagous ladybirds in alfalfa fields | ||
| Journal of Entomological Society of Iran | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 43، شماره 4، بهمن 2023، صفحه 393-404 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Paper, English | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.61186/jesi.43.4.7 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mahsa Ghahramani؛ Roghaiyeh Karimzadeh؛ Shahzad Iranipour* | ||
| Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study was conducted to determine distribution pattern and related parameters of spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckten), pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and two coccinellid species (Coccinella septempunctata L. and Hippodamia variegata Goeze) in six alfalfa fields during two growing seasons, 2016 and 2017. Weekly sampling was started when alfalfa plants reached 10 cm in height and continued until harvest. Each field was divided into 20m×20m plots. Two samples per plot per sampling time were randomly taken using a 1 × 1 m quadrat, to count adult coccinellids. Twenty alfalfa stems (longer than 10cm) per plot were randomly cut and shaken eight times on a white pan to record the aphids' density. The aphids that fell into the pan were counted and recorded. The ratio of variance to mean, as well as Taylor’s power law (TPL) and Iwao’s patchiness index (IPI), were used to determine the spatial distribution patterns of the insects. The variance exceeded the mean on all sampling dates, which may imply an aggregative distribution. Aggregation was also confirmed by using regression coefficient of both TPL (parameter b) and coefficient of IPI (β), which both were significantly above unity. Correlation between aphid counts and those of the coccinellids indicated that there was a positive but weak relationship between predator and prey densities in the fields, although a weak correlation may imply that factors other than prey accessibility contribute to the spatial distribution of the predators. Using different statistical methods provides useful information about the spatial distribution and dispersal pattern of aphids and natural enemies in alfalfa fields, and this information can be used in the biological control of pests. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| distribution patterns؛ Taylor’ s power law؛ Iwao`s regression؛ aggregation | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| استفاده از روش های آماری برای تعیین پراکنش زمانی- مکانی شته ها و کفشدوزک های شته خوار در مزارع یونجه | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| مهسا قهرمانی؛ رقیه کریم زاده؛ شهزاد ایرانی پور | ||
| گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدهی کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| این مطالعه به منظور تعیین الگوهای پراکنش و فراسنجههای مربوط به شته خالداریونجه، Therioaphis maculata (Buckten)، شته نخود،Acyrthosiphon pisum (Haris) و دو گونه کفشدوزک Coccinella septempunctata L. and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) طی سالهای زراعی 95 و 96 در شش مزرعهی یونجه انجام شد. با رسیدن ارتفاع گیاهان یونجه به 10 سانتیمتر، نمونهبرداریهای هفتگی شروع و تا برداشت چین آخر ادامه یافتند. هر مزرعه به واحدهای 20متر×20متر تقسیم و در هر واحد دو کادر 1×1 متری به صورت تصادفی انداخته شد و تعداد حشرات کامل کفشدوزکهای داخل کادر شمارش شدند. برای شمارش شتهها، از بوتههای داخل کادر، 20 ساقه در هر شبکه انتخاب و از ته بریده شدند. سپس ساقههای بریده شده داخل یک تشت سفید تکان داده شدند و شتههای افتاده در تشت شمارش و ثبت شدند. از نسبت واریانس به میانگین و همچنین قانون توان تیلور (TPL) و شاخص رگرسیون آیوائو (IPI) برای تعیین الگوهای پراکنش فضایی حشرات استفاده شد. در تمام تاریخهای نمونه برداری، مقدار واریانس از میانگین بیشتر بود، که میتواند بر پراکنش تجمعی دلالت داشته باشد. الگوی تجمعی پراکنش حشرات مورد مطالعه با نتایج به دست آمده از TPL (فراسنجه (b و ضریب رگرسیون IPI (β)، که مقدار هر دو به طور معنیداری بیش از یک بود، نیز تأیید شد. همبستگی بین تعداد شته ها و کفشدوزکها نشان داد که بین شکار و شکارگر رابطه مثبت اما ضعیف وجود دارد، این همبستگی ضعیف ممکن است حاکی از آن باشد که عواملی غیر از دسترسی به شکار، در پراکنش مکانی شکارگرها نقش دارند. استفاده از روشهای آماری مختلف، اطلاعات مفیدی در مورد پراکنش و الگوی مکانی حشرات و دشمنان طبیعی در مزارع یونجه فراهم میکند و از این اطلاعات می توان در کنترل بیولژیکی آفات استفاده نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| پراکنش مکانی, قانون توان تیلور- رگرسیون آیوائو, تجمع | ||
| مراجع | ||
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