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تعیین شاخص‌های مدیریت آبیاری در تولید هلو و شلیل در کشور | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 24، شماره 91، آبان 1402، صفحه 50-69 اصل مقاله (705.07 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2023.363367.1556 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی اکبری* 1؛ فریبرز عباسی2؛ ابوالفضل ناصری3؛ افشین یوسف گمرکچی4؛ فرزین پرچمی عراقی5؛ محمدمهدی نخجوانی6؛ سالومه سپهری6؛ محمد مهدی قاسمی6؛ مصطفی گودرزی7؛ امیر اسلامی8؛ امیر نورجو9؛ رحیم علیمحمدی نافچی10؛ رضا بهراملو11؛ محمداسماعیل کمالی12؛ عیسی کیاء13 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استاد پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، قزوین، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، مغان، ایران | ||
| 6استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 7استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، اراک، ایران | ||
| 8استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، شیراز، ایران | ||
| 9استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 10استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، شهرکرد | ||
| 11دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، همدان، ایران | ||
| 12استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 13استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حجم آب آبیاری، عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب محصولات کشاورزی به عنوان شاخص‌های ارزیابی استفاده بهینه از منابع آب نقش بسیار مهمی در مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی‌های کلان در حوزه مدیریت و مهندسی آب دارد. در این پژوهش شاخص‌های مذکور در شرایط مدیریت باغداران برای 195 باغ در قطب‌های تولید هلو و شلیل کشور شامل آذربایجان شرقی، آذربایجان غربی، مازندران، گلستان، همدان، فارس، مرکزی، قزوین، اردبیل، تهران، البرز و چهارمحال و بختیاری، در سال زراعی1398-1397 اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که تفاوت حجم آب آبیاری، عملکرد، بهره‌وری آب آبیاری و بهره‌وری آب (آب آبیاری + بارش موثر) در استان های مذکور در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی‌دار است. میانگین حجم آب آبیاری در استان‌های مذکور به‌ترتیب 8617، 7178، 2012، 2842، 6428، 8814، 10806، 8675، 8140، 8568، 8137 و 7763 با میانگین وزنی کشوری 6734 مترمکعب در هکتار بدست آمد. عملکرد هلو و شلیل نیز در باغ‌های هلو و شلیل استان‌های مذکور بین 10 تا بیش از 50 تن در هکتار و میانگین وزنی کشوری 20 تن در هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد. بهره‌وری آب آبیاری در باغ‌های مزبور بین 0/7 تا 8/7 کیلوگرم برمترمکعب با میانگین وزنی کشوری 3/06 کیلوگرم برمترمکعب به دست آمد. در نهایت میانگین وزنی بهره‌وری مجموع آب آبیاری و بارش موثر کشوری نیز 2/44 کیلوگرم برمترمکعب تعیین شد. همچنین میانگین حجم آب آبیاری باغ‌های هلو و شلیل در مناطق مورد مطالعه بجز دو استان گلستان و مازندران برای دو روش آبیاری سطحی و قطره‌ای به‌ترتیب برابر 9325 و 7098 مترمکعب در هکتار تعیین شد (1%>p). این نتایج نشان داد که با تغییر روش آبیاری از سطحی به قطره‌ای، حجم آب آبیاری 25 درصد کاهش و بهره‌وری آب آبیاری باغ‌های هلو و شلیل، 34 درصد افزایش یافته است. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، پیشنهاد می شود برای کاهش حجم آب آبیاری و بهبود بهره‌وری آب در تولید هلو و شلیل، برنامه‌ریزی مناسب آبیاری انجام شود. همچنین در شرایط اقلیمی مناسب که آب آبیاری از کیفیت خوبی برخوردار باشد، در صورت رعایت ضوابط فنی طراحی، اجرا و بهره‌برداری و ملاحظات اقتصادی، استفاده از روش آبیاری قطره‌ای پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهره‌وری آب؛ عملکرد هلو و شلیل؛ روش آبیاری قطره‌ای؛ آبیاری سطحی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Determination of irrigation management indicators in peach and nectarine production in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Akbari1؛ Fariborz Abbasi2؛ Abolfazl Nasseri3؛ afshin uossef gomrokchi4؛ Farzin Parchami-Araghi5؛ Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavani6؛ Saloome Sepehri Sadeghian6؛ mohammadmehdi Gasemi6؛ Mustafa Goodarzi7؛ Amir Eslami8؛ Amir Nourjou9؛ Rahim Alimohammadi Nafchi10؛ REZA BAHRAMLOO11؛ mohamad Kamali12؛ Eassa Kia13 | ||
| 1Associate professor, Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qazvin, Iran. | ||
| 5Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| 6Assistant Professor, Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 7Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran | ||
| 8Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education And Extention Organization, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 9Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 10Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Shahrekord, | ||
| 11Associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 12Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 13Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization, Sari, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Providing food security in scarcity conditions of water resources requires macro-planning for the supply, allocation and water consumption in different sections such as agricultural section. In Iran, like in other countries of the world, most fresh water resources are consumed in the agricultural sector. In this situation, one of the effective and practical solutions is the optimal use of irrigation water in the agricultural sector, which consumes the most water. The most basic component for optimal irrigation water management in Iran is the awareness of applied water in the production of various agricultural products under the farmers’ management conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of appraising irrigation water management indicators such as seasonal applied water, yield , and irrigation water productivity, total water productivity (irrigation water plus plus effective rainfall ) in Azarbayjan Sharghi, Azarbayjan Gharbi, Ardabil, Alborz, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Qazvin, Markazi, Hamedan, Golastan and Mazandaran provinces as peach and nectarine production hubs in Iran. Methodology In this study, a field survey was conducted to measure applied irrigation water and yield under the gardeners’ management in peach and nectarine production hubs. This indicators was measured in 195 gardenes in Azarbayjan Sharghi, Azarbayjan Gharbi, Ardabil, Alborz, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Qazvin, Markazi, Hamedan, Golastan and Mazandaran provinces with different conditions of climates, irrigation methods (surface and drip), salinity of irrigation water and soil; and different peach and nectarine cultivars during growing season 2018-2019. To measuring irrigation water volume, after determining the inflow of water to the garden by carefully monitoring the garden irrigation time and measuring the irrigated area, the volume of irrigation water applied by peach and nectarine trees in each garden was measured. Crop yield was obtained in three consecutive years and their mean was used in the analysis. Irrigation water productivity (WPIrr) and total water productivity (WPIrr+pe) were calcucated as the ratio of yield to applied water and irrigation water plus effective rainfall, respectively. Then, the effect of modern irrigation methods (surface drip irrigation) on applied water, WPIrr and WPIrr+pe were investigated in the study areas. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the possible difference between yield, applied water and WP among the hubs. Data adequacy was assessed by using the method provided by Sarmad et al. (2001). Results and Discussion The results showed that the difference between average volume of water applied by gardeners, yield, WPIrr and WPIrr+pe, in the studied sites were significant at 5% probability level. The average amount of applied water by gardeners in Azarbayjan Sharghi, Azarbayjan Gharbi, Ardabil, Alborz, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Qazvin, Markazi, Hamedan, Golastan and Mazandaran provinces was 8617, 7178, 8140, 8137, 8568, 7763, 8814, 8675, 10806, 6428, 2842 and 2012 m3/ha, respectively, and the average was 6734m3/ha. The yield of peach and nectarine varied from 10 to 50 tons/ha with an average of 20 tons/ha. Irrigation water productivity (WPIrr) varied from 1.6 to 8.6 and its average was 3.06 kg/m3. The average WPIrr+pe for peach and nectarine was 2.44 kg/m3. The results showed that the average applied water for peach and nectarine orchards in the study areas except for Golestan and Mazandaran provinces for surface and drip irrigation methods were 9325 and 7098 m3/ha, respectively, (p<1%). Therefore, in drip irrigation method, applied water was 25% less and WPIrr was 34% higher. Conclusions In general, the results of this study provide useful information on irrigation water management indicators in peach and nectarine production to managers and water decision makers within Iran. Accordingly, in order to reduce the volume of irrigation water and improve peach and nectarine water productivity, it is recommended to use drip irrigation method in suitable climatic conditions where irrigation water is of good quality and the technical criteria of design, implementation, operation, and economic considerations are met. Also, training and application methods to improve the performance of surface irrigation to reduce evaporation and applied irrigation water is recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Water productivity, Peach and Nectarine yield, Drip irrigation, Surface irrigation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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