| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,186 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,332 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 51,393,655 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,298,986 |
بررسی فاکتورهای شیمیایی، اندوخته کربن آلی خاک و شاخصهای تنوع زیستی گیاهی برای دو گونه تاغ و گز در استان قم | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 21، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42، اسفند 1402، صفحه 282-267 اصل مقاله (576.99 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.362667.1585 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم اردیبهشت1؛ انوشیروان شیروانی* 2؛ محمد متینی زاده3؛ هومن روانبخش4؛ حسین توکلی نکو5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری علوم زیستی جنگل، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 5استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قم | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گونههای درختی میتوانند بهدلیل تحمل شرایط سخت محیطی، تغییراتی را در ویژگیهای خاک و ذخیره کربن آلی ایجاد کنند. بنابراین، با شناخت گونههایی که قابلیت بیشتری برای ذخیره کربن دارند میتوان اصلاح و احیای جنگلهای شهری را نیز از منظر شاخص ذخیره کربن آلی خاک (ترسیب کربن) بررسی کرد. درختچههای تاغ و گز ازجمله گونههای هالوفیت مهم ناحیه رویشی ایران- تورانی هستند. در این مناطق، نقش این درختچهها در ذخیره کربن و افزایش تنوع زیستی گیاهی دارای اهمیت است. پژوهش پیشرو در نظر دارد، توان ذخیره کربن خاک و شاخصهای تنوع زیستی گیاهی را در رویشگاههای این دو گونه در استان قم بررسی کند. مواد و روشها: رویشگاه طبیعی گز (Tamarix hispida) واقع در دشت مسیله استان قم و رویشگاه دستکاشت تاغ (Haloxylon ammodendron) در سال 1362، واقع در منطقه حسینآباد میشمست در دشت قم با آبوهوایی خشک قرار دارد. نمونهبرداری از خاک در سطح یک هکتار به شکل تصادفی با تعداد 30 نمونه خاک از جهت شرقی زیر تاجپوشش و خارج از تاجپوشش، به کمک سیلندر از عمق 0-15 سانتیمتری خاک در هر دو رویشگاه تاغ و گز بهطور مجزا انجام شد. بهمنظور محاسبه ذخیره کربن آلی خاک و بهدست آوردن جرم مخصوص ظاهری و کربن آلی و برخی فاکتورهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک، نمونهبرداری انجام گردید. برای مطالعه پوشش گیاهی در هر رویشگاه، از پلات 400 مترمربعی با روش پیادهسازی پلات بهصورت چهار قطعه 10 در 10 متر بهمنظور پراکنش بهتر در سطح یک هکتار و برای مطالعه پوشش گیاهی کف از 20 میکروپلات یک مترمربعی (پنج میکروپلات در هر پلات اصلی) استفاده شد. برای محاسبه شاخصهای تنوع زیستی گیاهی، مقادیر تنوع گونهای در هر قطعهنمونه با استفاده از شاخصهای سیمپسون، شانون- وینر و غنای گونهای با استفاده از شاخصهای مارگالف، منهینیک و یکنواختی با شاخصهای پیلو و شلدون برای هر میکروپلات محاسبه شد. برای محاسبه همبستگی بین فاکتورهای ذخیره کربن و کربن خاک با برخی فاکتورهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی از آزمون اسپیرمن استفاده شد. نتایج و یافتهها: میانگین همه فاکتورهای اندازهگیریشده در خاک برای گونه گز بالاتر بود. اثر گونه و موقعیت نمونهبرداری و اثر متقابل گونه در موقعیت نمونهبرداری بر مقدار فاکتورهای اسیدیته، درصد کربن آلی، پتاسیم و ترسیب کربن (ذخیره کربن آلی) خاک در سطح پنج درصد تفاوت معنیدار داشت. همچنین، براساس نتایج بهدستآمده از مقایسه میانگین تیمارها مشخص شد که بیشترین میزان ذخیره کربن خاک در تیمار زیر تاج درختچه گز با میزان 13/191 تن در هکتار است. نتایج نشان داد، میزان ذخیره کربن خـاک بین دو گونه تاغ و گز، دارای اختلاف معنیدار بوده و در خاک گز بالاتر است. ویژگیهای خاک مانند مقدار ذخیره کربن، %OC،pH و K در زیرتاج پوشش گز بالاتر از منطقه شاهد (خارج از تاج پوشش) است. همبستگی بین ویژگی ذخیره کربن و سایر فاکتورها نشان داد که فاکتورهای OC،pH و EC میتوانند بهعنوان مهمترین عوامل تأثیرگذار برای برآورد ذخیره کربن خاک استفاده شوند. شاخصهای تنوع زیستی گیاهی شامل تنوع گونهای، غنای گونهای و یکنواختی برای هر میکروپلات، فقط در تاغزار محاسبه شد، زیرا رویشگاه گز به دلیل تنش شدید خشکی، فاقد پوشش کف و زادآوری بود. شاخصهای منهینیک و مارگالف با میزان 39/1 و 68/1 بهترتیب میانگین غنای گونهای رویشگاه تاغ را به خود اختصاص دادهاند. نتیجهگیری: با توجه به تأثیر مثبت درختچه گز بر عناصر مغذی و افزایش ماده آلی و ذخیره کربن خاک که در طولانیمدت موجب بهبود ساختمان خاک میشود، همینطور توانایی سازگاری و مقاومت مطلوب با شرایط آبوهوایی خشک و شکننده منطقه مسیله، حفظ و احیای این گونه بومی باارزش بسیار حیاتی است و گونهای مناسب برای جنگلکاری در مناطقی با چنین مشخصاتی است. همچنین، با توجه به تأثیر مثبت گونه تاغ در افزایش شاخصهای تنوع زیستی رویشگاه که در طولانیمدت سبب حفاظت و بهبود ساختمان خاک میشوند، موضوع حفظ و احیای این گیاهان باارزش برای منطقه و استان قم ضروریست. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تاغ؛ گز؛ تنوع زیستی؛ ترسیب کربن؛ مناطق خشک؛ رویشگاه ایران- تورانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the chemical factors, Carbon storage and biodiversity indicators in two species of Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix hispida in Qom province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Ordibehesht1؛ Anoshirvan Shirvany2؛ Mohammad Matinizadeh3؛ Hooman Ravanbakhsh4؛ Hosein Tavakolineko5 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student of Biology Forest Sciences, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 5Assistant Prof,, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qom, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Tree species can cause changes in soil characteristics and organic carbon storage due to their tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, by knowing the species that have more ability to store carbon, it would be possible to follow the improvement and regeneration of urban forests from the perspective of carbon sequestration index. Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix hispida shrubs are among the important halophyte species of the Irano-Turanian vegetation zone. In these areas, it is important the role of these shrubs in storing carbon and increasing plant biodiversity. The current research aims to investigate the soil carbon sequestration and plant biodiversity indicators in the habitats of these two species in Qom province. Methodology: The natural habitat of Tamarix located in Mesila plain of Qom province and the cultivated habitat of Haloxylon in 1362, located in Hossein-Abad area of Mish-mast in Qom plain with arid climate. Soil sampling was done randomly on one hectare with 30 samples from the eastern direction under the canopy and outside the canopy, by a cylinder at the depth of 0-15 cm in both Haloxylon and Tamarix habitats separately. Sampling was done to calculate the soil organic carbon reserve to obtain the apparent specific mass and organic carbon and some soil physical and chemical factors. To study the vegetation coverage in each habitat, from a plot of 400 m2 with the method of implementing the plot in the form of four plots of 10 x 10 meters in order to better distribute it on the surface of one hectare, and to study the vegetation of the floor from 20 micro-plots of one m2 (five micro-plots in each plot) was used. The values of species diversity in each microplate from each sample plot was calculated using Simpson, Shannon-Wiener indices and species richness using Margalef, Menchick and uniform indices with Pillo and Sheldon indices. Spearman's test was used to calculate the correlation between soil carbon deposition factors and some physical and chemical factors. Results: The average of all measured factors in the soil was higher for Tamarix. The effect of species and sampling position and the mutual effect of species in sampling position on the amount of acidity factors, percentage of organic carbon, potassium and carbon deposition (organic carbon storage) of the soil had a significant difference at the level of 5%. Furthermore, based on the comparison of the average of the treatments, it was found that the highest amount of soil carbon deposition is in the treatment under canopy of the Tamarix shrub with the amount of 191.13 tons per hectare. The results showed a significant difference in the amount of soil carbon sequestration between two species of Haloxylon and Tamarix, and it is higher in Tamarix soil. Soil characteristics such as carbon deposition, %OC, pH and K under canopy of Tamarix are higher than outside the canopy. The correlation between carbon sequestration characteristics and other factors showed that OC, pH and EC factors can be used as the most important influencing factors to estimate soil carbon sequestration. The indicators of plant biodiversity, including species diversity, species richness and uniformity, were calculated for each micro-plot only in Haloxylon habitat, because the Tamarix habitat was lack of floor cover and reproduction due to severe drought stress. The Menhinik and Margalef indices with the values of 1.39 and 1.68, respectively, have assigned the average species richness of Haloxylon habitat. Conclusion: Due to the positive effect of Tamarix on the increase of organic matter and soil carbon deposition, which improves the soil structure in the long term, as well as the ability to adapt and resist the dry and fragile weather conditions of Mesileh region. The revival of this valuable species is vital and it is a suitable species for forestry in areas with such characteristics. Likewise, considering the positive effect of Haloxylon species in increasing habitat biodiversity indicators, which in the long term protect the soil structure, the issue of preserving and revitalizing these valuable plants is necessary for Qom province. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Haloxylon, Tamarix, plant biodiversity, Carbon sequestration, arid regions, Irano-Turanian region | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alizadeh, T., Matinizadeh, M., Habashi, H. and Sadeghi, S.M., 2022. Comparison of soil biological properties and carbon storage of Prosopis cineraria and Prosopis juliflora (Case study: Assaluyeh). Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 29 (1): 89-105.
- Amanda, L., Binkley, D. and Carol, A.E., 2005. Plant diversity in riparian forests in northwest Colordo: Effects of time and river regulation. Forest Ecology and Management, 20:110-121.
- Amani, M. and Parvizi, M., 1996. Haloxylon, Forestry And Silviculture. Islamic Culture Publishing Office, Iran, 120p. (In persian).
- Anderson,T.H., 2000. Application of eco-physiological quotients on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 22: 251-255.
- Asgharzadeh, A., 2010. Laboratory methods of soil biology. Tabriz Univ. Press. Tabriz, Iran, 755p (In Persian)
- Bakhshandehmehr, L., Soltani, S. and Sepehr, A., 2013. Assessment of current situation of desertification and modified MEDALUS model in the Isfahan Segzi plain. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 66: 27-41.
- Bazgir, M., Shadivand, K. and Rostami, A., 2020. Effect of Tamarix Shrub Tamarix Ramosissima Ledeb. on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Carbon Sequestration of Desert Soils. Journal of Desert Management. 14: 93-106.
- Brooks, R., 2000. Carbon Sequestration What’s That?. Cooperative Extension System. University of Idaho. Forest Management, 32: 2-4.
- Bu, X., Ruan, H., Wang, L., Ma, W., Ding, J. and Yu, X., 2012. Soil organic matter in density fractions as related to vegetation changes along an altitude gradient in the Wuyi Mountains, southeastern China. Applied Soil Ecology, 52: 42-47.
- Cannel, M.G.R. and Dewar, R.C., 1993. The carbon sinks provided by plantation forests and their products in Britain. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Scotland, 124p.
- Carlsson, M., 1999. Method for integrating planning of timber production and biodiversity: case study. Journal of Forest Research, 29: 1183-1191.
- Corney, M.G., Smart, S.M., Kibby, K.J., Buche, R.G.H. and Marrs, R.H., 2006. Relationships between the species composition of forest fieldlayer vegetation and environmental drivers assessed using a national scale survey. Journal of Ecology, 94: 388-401.
- Daoyuan, Z., Linke, Y. and Borong, P., 2002. Bilogical and ecological characteristics of Tamarix L. and its effect on the ecological environment. Science in China, 45: 17-23.
- Dar, J.A. and Sundarapandian, S.M., 2013. Soil organic carbon stock assessment in two temperate forest types of western Himalaya of Jammu and Kashmir. India. Forest Research, 3: 1-5.
- Farahi, M., Mofidi, M., Mogiminejhad, F., Khatibi, R. and Jahantab, E., 2014. Investigation on the effects of Haloxylon and Tamarix on soil properties in Niatak region of Sistan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 21(2):. 307-316.
- Forouzeh, M.R., 2007. Investigating soil carbon and biomass deposition at the base of dominant and companion plant species. Master's thesis. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 74 p.
- Fu, X., Shao, M., Wei, X. and Horton, R., 2010. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen as affected by vegetation types in Northern Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma, 155: 31-35.
- Garcia-Franco, N., Wiesmeier, M., Goberna, M., Martínez-Mena, M. and Albaladejo, J., 2014. Carbon dynamics after afforestation of semiarid shrublands: implications of site preparation techniques. Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 319: 107-115.
- Ghazanshahi, J., 1998.Soil and plant analysis. Homa Publications, Tehran. The Scientific-Research Quarterly of Iran's Forest and Poplar Research Journal, 2: 323-331.
- Glenn, E.P., Morino, K., Nagler, P.L., Murray, R.S., Pearlstein, S. and Hultine, K.R., 2012. Roles of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and capillary rise in salinizing a non-flooding terrace on a flow-regulated desert river. Journal of Arid Environments, 79: 56-65.
- ICP Forests, 2016. Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring, and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Part VII.1. Assessment of Ground Vegetation. http://www.icpforests.org/Manual.htm
- Jafari, M., Panahi, F., Ahmadi, A., Abbasi, H.R., Mosavi, M., Zareae, M.A. and Tavile. A., 2006a. Assessment of soil criteria indices for desertification studies in Ghom province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 13(3): 278-283.
- Jafari; M., Rasooli; B., Erfanzadeh, R. and Moradi, H.R., 2006b. An Investigation of the Effects of Planted Species, Haloxylon-Atriplex-Tamarix along Tehran-Qom Free Way on Soil Properties. Journal of Natural Enviroment (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 58(4): 921-931.
- Jeffrey.A.M., 2006.Lessnos from the past: Forest and Biodiversity. Scientific American, 225(3):116-132.
- Jiang, P.K. and Xu, Q.F., 2006. Abundance and dynamics of soil labile carbon pools under different types of forest vegetation. Pedosphere, 16: 505-511.
- Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M., Akbarinia, M. and Jalilvand, H., 2010. Earth Heating Phenomenon and Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems. Kazemi, S.M. The 2th International Conference on Climate Change and Dendrochrochronology. Sepehr, Tehran, 384p.
- Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M., Zaccone, C., Jalilvand, H. and Hojjati, S.M., 2012. Soil organic carbon sequestration as affected by afforestation: the Darab Kola forest (north of Iran) case study. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14: 2438- 2446.
- Lal, R. 2004. Carbon Sequestration in Dryland Agriculture. 315-334. In: Rao S.C. and Ryan J., (Eds.). Challenges and Strategies of Dryland Agriculture. CSSA Special Publication, Crop Science Society of America, Inc. and American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 553p.
- Lalozae, A., Dahmardeh Ghaleno, M. and Ebrahimi, M., 2016. Effect of the tree windbreakers of Tamarix and Eucalyptus on some physical and chemical properties of soil in Hamoon Plain. Watershed Engineering and Management, 7(4): 536-542.
- Land and Soil Resources Report, 2011. General Administration of Natural Resources of Qom province. Afforestation unit, 157p.
- Moges, A., Dagnachew, M. and Yimer, F., 2013. Land use effects on soil quality indicators: a case study of Abo- Wonsho Southern Ethiopia. Applied and Environmental Soil Sciences, Article ID 784989: 9p.
- Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S., and Dean C.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U. S. Department of Agricultur, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D. C. No. 939, 19p.
- Ordibehesht, M., Matinizadeh, M., Shirvany, A., Ravanbakhsh. H. and Tavakoli neko,H., 2024. Impact of canopy and seasoning on soil biological characteristics in Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix hispida habitats of Qom province. Iranian Journal of Forests (Accepted January 2024).
- Pilehvar, B., 2000. Determining the reserve level necessary to protect biodiversity by providing a suitable model in Vaz forest. Master's thesis, University of Tehran, 78p.
- Poorbabaei, H. and Ahani, H. 2004. Biodiversity of woody species in Acer platanoides sites in the Shafaroud forests, Gilan (Iran). Iranian Journal of Rostaniha, 5(2): 147-158.
- Pouyafar, A., Jareyani, M. and Mohammadkhan, Sh., 2003. Haloxylon aphyllum and its role in wind erosion control. Proceedings of the 1th National Conference Haloxylon spp., Iran, Kerman. June 2003, p 301-311.
- Rabiei Sadeghabadi, M., Noori, O. and Deihimfard, R., 2021. Plant selection for semi-arid urban landscapes with an emphasis on climate change. Iranian Journal of Envioronmental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University. 18(1): 219-236.
- Rahmatizadeh, A., Jafari , M. and Karimian Eghbal , M., 2014. Identifying saline lands and halophytes of Qom province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 21(4): 580-590.
- Risser, P.G., 1995. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Conservation Biology, 9: 742-746.
- Rostami Shahraji, T., 2004. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of forestry works done by forestry cooperatives in Gilan province. Applied Research of Gilan Province, No. 14, Management and Planning Organization of Gilan Province, 25p (In persian)
- Schinner, F., Öhlinger, R., Kandeler, E., and Margasin, R., 1996. Methods in Soil Biology. Springer, Berlin, 426p.
- Shahooyi, S., 2007. The nature and properties of soils (Translation). University of Kurdistan, 880p.
- Smith, P., 2007. Carbon sequestration in croplands: the potential in Europe and the global context. European Journal of Agronomy, 20: 229-236.
- Stromberg, J.C., Chew, M.K., Nagler, P.L. and Glenn, E.P., 2009. Changing perceptions of change: the role of scientists in Tamarix and river management. Restoration Ecology, 17: 177-186.
- Su, Y.Z., Xue, F.W., Rong, Y. and Jaehoon, L., 2010. Effects of sandy desertified land rehabilitation on soil carbon sequestration and aggregation in an arid region in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 2109-2116.
- Tavakoli Neko, H., Pourmeidani, A., Adnanim, M., Bagheri, H. and Bayat, M., 2019. The causes of drying of Haloxylon in Hussein Abad Mish-Mast, Qom, Iran. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 26(3): 650-659.
- UNDP., 2000. Carbon sequestration in the desertified rangelands of Hossein Abad, through community based management, Program Coordination, pp. 1-7.
- Walkley, A. and Black, I.A., 1934. An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1): 29-38.
- Wang, Z., Qi, X. and Zh, S., 2011. Topological field theory and thermal responses of interacting topological superconductors. Physical Review B, 84: 014527.
- Wilson, E.O. 1988. The Current State of Ecological Diversity: 1-20. In: Wilson, E.O. and Frances M.Peter (Eds.). Biodiversity. National Academy press, Washington (DC), USA. 521p. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219273.
- Yin, C.H., Feng, G.U., Zhang, F., Tian, C.Y. and Tang, C., 2010. Enrichment of soil fertility and salinity by tamarisk in saline soils on the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. Agricultural Water Management, 97(12): 1978-1986.
- Zhang, D., Yin, L. and Pan, B., 2002. Biological and ecological characteristics of Tamarix L. and its effect on the ecological environment. Earth Sciences, 45(1): 18-22.
- Zhu, B., Wang, X., Fang, J., Piao, S., Shen, H., Zhao, S. and Peng, C., 2010. Altitudinal changes in carbon storage of temperate forestson Mt Changbai, Northeast China. Journal of Plant Research, 123: 439-452. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 969 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 506 |
||