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بررسی پراکنش جغرافیایی و تراکم جمعیت سرخرطومی آزولا Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal در شالیزارها و زیستگاه‌های آبی شمال کشور | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| دوره 43، شماره 3، مرداد 1402، صفحه 259-273 اصل مقاله (2.87 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل، فارسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.61186/jesi.43.3.6 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی جلائیان* 1؛ آتوسا فرحپور حقانی1؛ فرزاد مجیدی شیل سر1؛ بیژن یعقوبی1؛ مهرداد عمواقلی طبری2 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آزولا (Azolla spp.: Salviniaceae) نوعی سرخس آبزی است که با هدف افزایش حاصلخیزی اراضی شالیزاری وارد کشور شد، اما این علف‌هرز به دلیل شرایط اقلیمی مناسب و فقدان دشمنان طبیعی در زیستگاه جدید، طغیان نمود و به معضلی در زراعت برنج و عاملی مخرب در اکوسیستم‌های آبی تبدیل شد. در سال‌های اخیر عامل کنترل بیولوژیک این علف‌هرز به نام سرخرطومی آزولا (Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal (Curculionidae وارد شمال ایران شد. در این پژوهش پراکنش جغرافیایی و تراکم فصلی جمعیت سرخرطومی آزولا با نمونه‌برداری‌های منظم ماهیانه در شمال کشور مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مدت زمان لازم برای تکمیل یک نسل در شرایط نیمه‌صحرایی حدود دو هفته است. لاروها و حشرات کامل هر دو از آزولا تغذیه می‌کنند. سرخرطومی آزولا در شمال کشور به خوبی پراکنش یافته و مستقر شده است و با تغذیه از آزولا جمعیت آن را در تالاب‌ها، مانداب‌های دائمی و شالیزارها کاهش داده است. در مقایسه تراکم جمعیت سرخرطومی در سه منطقه غرب، شرق و مرکز استان گیلان مشخص شد که بیشترین تعداد کل (667 عدد حشره در یک کیلوگرم آزولا) و بیشترین تعداد حشرات بالغ (363 حشره‌ی بالغ در یک کیلوگرم آزولا) در منطقه مرکزی استان بود. در حالی‌که تراکم لاروها (397 عدد لارو در یک کیلوگرم آزولا) در منطقه شرقی استان بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بود. در بررسی تراکم جمعیت در شهرستان‌های مختلف گیلان، بالاترین تراکم کل (2690 لارو و حشره‌ی کامل در یک کیلوگرم آزولا) و حشرات بالغ (2022 حشره‌ِ بالغ در یک کیلوگرم آزولا) در شهرستان شفت و بالاترین تراکم لارو (1920 لارو در یک کیلوگرم آزولا) در منطقه رودبنه لاهیجان مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، تراکم فصلی جمعیت سرخرطومی در بهار و زمستان بالاتر بود که با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی منطقه و حساسیت آزولا به گرما و رطوبت، بدیهی به نظر می‌رسد. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، سرخرطومی آزولا به خوبی در مناطق شمالی کشور گسترش یافته و مستقر شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سرخرطومی؛ کنترل بیولوژیک؛ شالیزار؛ گیلان؛ مازندران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on geographical distribution and population density of Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal, in paddy fields and aquatic ecosystems in northern Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Jalaeian1؛ Atousa Farahpour-Haghani1؛ Farzad Majidi-Shilsar1؛ Bijan Yaghoubi1؛ Mehrdad Amooghli-Tabari2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Rice Research Institute of Iran, (AREEO), Rasht, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Rice Research Institute of Iran, (AREEO), Amol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Azolla (Azolla spp.: Salviniaceae) is an aquatic fern that was introduced to the northern region of Iran with the aim of increasing the fertility of paddy fields, but due to suitable climatic conditions and the absence of natural enemies it became a problem in rice production and a destructive factor in aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, the biological control agent of this weed, Azolla weevil Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal (Curculionidae), was introduced in northern region of Iran. In this study, geographical distribution and seasonal population density of S. rufinasus in northern Iran were investigated through regular monthly sampling. The results showed that the time required to complete one generation in semi-field conditions is about two weeks. Both larvae and adults feed on Azolla. Azolla weevil is well distributed and established in the north regions of Iran and by feeding on Azolla, it has reduced its population in wetlands, permanent ponds and paddy fields. Comparing the population density of the weevil in three regions of Guilan province, indicated that the highest number of total density (667 insect in 1 kg Azolla) and adult (363 adults in 1 kg Azolla) belong to the central region of the province, while the density of larvae (397 larvae in 1 kg Azolla) in the eastern region of the province was higher than other regions. In the survey of the density in different cities, the highest density of total (2690 adults and larvae in 1 kg Azolla) and adult insects (2022 adults in 1 kg Azolla) was observed in Shaft city and the highest density of larvae (1920 larvae in 1 kg Azolla) was observed in the Rudbane of Lahijan. Based on the obtained results, the population density of the weevil is higher in spring and winter, which is not far from the mind considering the climatic conditions of the region and the sensitivity of Azolla to heat and low humidity. Based on the findings of this survey, the weevil has spread and settled well in the northern regions | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Weevil, Biological Control, Paddy field, Guilan, Mazandaran | ||
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