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تلفیق کنترل ژنتیکی و شیمیایی: رویکردی برای مدیریت بیماری پوسیدگی ریزوکتونیایی ریشه چغندرقند | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| دوره 10، شماره 2، اسفند 1401، صفحه 31-45 اصل مقاله (936.72 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2023.362969.341 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی حسنی* 1؛ حامد منصوری2؛ حمزه حمزه2؛ علی صارمی راد3 | ||
| 1استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران. | ||
| 3دکتری، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پوسیدگی ریزوکتونیایی ریشه یکی از شایعترین و خسارتزاترین بیماریهای چغندرقند در ایران و سراسر جهان به شمار میرود. در مطالعه حاضر، شیوههای مدیریت تلفیقی بیماری از جمله بهکارگیری ارقام مقاوم و استفاده از سموم قارچکش بهمنظور جلوگیری از توسعه بیماری مورد توجه قرار گرفت. به این منظور، واکنش رقم حساس شکوفا و رقم مقاوم نووودورو نسبت به سه قارچکش سلست، یونیفرم و ماکسیم در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی و مصنوعی میکروپلات طی سال 1401 بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که قارچکش یونیفرم توانسته است از توسعه بیماری بر روی رقم مقاوم جلوگیری کند. همین امر موجب شد تا از شاخص برداشت 70/59 درصد برخوردار باشد. اگرچه این قارچکش بر کنترل بیماری رقم حساس همانند رقم مقاوم عمل نکرد، اما آنچه مسلم است، نسبت به سایر تیمارهای آزمایشی موفق بوده است. شاخص بیماری در تیمار قارچکش سلست به شکلی بود که در رقم مقاوم با شاخص 3/29، نهایتاً پنج درصد از سطح ریشه دارای زخم بود، اما در رقم حساس تأثیر چندانی در کنترل بیماری نداشت و واکنش حساسیت مشاهده شد. شاخص برداشت رقم مقاوم در این تیمار برابر با 76/47 درصد و رقم حساس برابر با 11/76 درصد بود. دو تیمار قارچکش ماکسیم و عدم استفاده آن، تأثیر مشابهی را بر هر یک از ارقام مقاوم و حساس از نظر دو شاخص بیماری و برداشت داشتند. اگرچه شدت بیماری در این دو تیمار در رقم مقاوم نسبت به رقم حساس کمتر بود، اما در مجموع هر دو رقم در محدوده حساسیت قرار داشتند و شاخص برداشت پایینی را نشان دادند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| چغندرقند؛ حساسیت؛ شاخص بیماری؛ شدت بیماری و مقاومت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Integrating genetical and chemical control: An approach to rhizoctonia root rot disease management | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehdi Hassani1؛ Hamed Mansouri2؛ Hamze Hamze2؛ Ali Saremirad3 | ||
| 1Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj,Iran | ||
| 2Sugar Beet Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 3Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rhizoctonia root rot is a widespread and destructive disease that affects sugar beet yield in Iran and worldwide. In this study, we investigated integrated disease management methods, including the use of resistant cultivars and fungicides, to prevent the development of the disease. The present study focused on the Shokoufa susceptible cultivar and the Novodoro resistant cultivar, and tested three fungicides of Celeste, Uniform, and Maxim. The experiment was conducted under natural and artificial contamination conditions during 2022. The results showed that the Uniform fungicide effectively prevented the development of the disease on the resistant cultivar, resulting in a harvest index of 70.59%. Although this fungicide did not work as effectively on the susceptible cultivar, it still showed better performance compared to other experimental treatments. The Celeste fungicide had a disease index of 3.29 on the resistant cultivar, with 5% of the root surface having ulcers. However, it did not have a significant effect on disease control in the susceptible cultivar, which showed a sensitivity reaction. The harvest index of the resistant cultivar in this treatment was 76.47%, while the susceptible cultivar had a harvest index of 11.76%. The Maxim fungicide and control treatments had similar effects on both the resistant and susceptible cultivars in terms of disease and harvest indexes. Although the severity of the disease was lower in the resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar, both cultivars showed a low harvest index and were in the sensitive range. . | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Disease index, Disease severity, Resistance, Sensitivity, Sugar beet | ||
| مراجع | ||
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