| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,081 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,377 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,996,260 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,920,786 |
نقش گیاهان پرستار در احیای اکولوژیکی طبیعت جنوب ایران | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 21، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41، شهریور 1402، صفحه 107-122 اصل مقاله (683.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.359634.1547 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید موسی صادقی* 1؛ کهزاد سرطاوی2؛ ناصر فرار3 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بوشهر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بوشهر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تجدید حیات گیاهان بهشدت حساس به استرسهای ناشی از عوامل زنده و غیرزنده در طبیعت است. موفقیت استقرار گیاهان در طبیعت به عوامل مختلفی مانند خشکی، چرای دام، در دسترس بودن منابع آب و خاک و اثر متقابل افراد بر همدیگر به‌ویژه در سنین نهال بستگی دارد. تعریف گیاه پرستار، اثر گیاه پرستار، رقابت و تسهیلگری و نقش تسهیلگری در احیای سرزمین به کمک منابع علمی بیان شد. به کمک جنگل‌گردشی و بررسی منابع علمی، گیاهان پرستار و گیاهان هدف در جنوب ایران شناسایی و نقش هر یک به کمک منابع علمی در دسترس بررسی گردید. برای این منظور از حاشیه خلیج‌فارس و دریای عمان در مسیرهایی که راه دسترسی داشت، تا ارتفاع 1250 متر از سطح دریا در قطعات نمونه یک هکتاری (100*100 متر) اقدام به بررسی پوشش گیاهی شد. گیاهان زیر تاج سایر درختان یا درختچهها نمونه‌برداری و به‌کمک منابع علمی شناسایی شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد، تعداد نه گونه متعلق به هشت جنس و شش خانواده به‌عنوان گیاه پرستار و هفت گونه متعلق به شش جنس و شش خانواده به‌عنوان گیاه هدف شناسایی شدند. از گروه گیاهان پرستار جنس Ziziphus Mill. از خانواده Rhamncaceae متنوعترین بود. از گروه گیاهان هدف نیز متنوعترین جنس، Pistacia L. متعلق به خانواده Anacardiaceae بود. تحقیقات تکمیلی برای بیان اثر تسهیلگری گونههای گیاهی پرستار و روشهای مناسب استفاده از آنها در احیای اکولوژیکی مناطق خشک جنوب ایران در رابطه با اجرای طرحهای احیا و توسعه جنگل پیشنهاد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تسهیلگری؛ جنگل؛ گیاهان هدف؛ Ziziphus؛ Pistacia | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Role of nurse plants in ecological restoration of nature of southern Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Mosa Sadeghi1؛ Kohzad Sartavi2؛ Nasser Farrar3 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Research Division of forest, Research institute of Forests and Range lands, (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Plant reproduction is highly sensitive to stressors caused by both biotic and abiotic factors in nature. The success of plant establishment in the wild depends on various factors such as drought, grazing, availability of water and soil resources, and the mutual interactions among individuals, especially during the seedling stage. The concept of nurse plants, their effects, competition, facilitation, and the facilitative role in land restoration were explained using scientific sources. Through forest surveys and scientific resources, nurse plants and target plants in southern Iran were identified, and the role of each was examined with available scientific references. For this purpose, along the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, accessible pathways were chosen to investigate vegetation cover up to an altitude of 1250 meters above sea level in sample plots of one hectare (100 * 100 meters). Sampling was conducted beneath the canopy of other trees or shrubs, and the plants were identified using scientific sources. The results of this study revealed that nine species belonging to eight genera and six families were identified as nurse plants, and seven species belonging to six genera and six families were identified as target plants. Among the nurse plant group, the genus Ziziphus Mill. from the family Rhamnaceae was the most diverse. Among the target plant group, the most diverse genus was Pistacia L. belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Further research is recommended to explore the facilitative effects of nurse plant species and suitable methods for their use in the ecological restoration of dry areas in southern Iran in relation to the implementation of restoration and forest development projects. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Facilitation, forest, target plants, Pistacia, Ziziphus | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Al-Namazi, A.A. and Bonser, S.P., 2020. Plant strategies in extremely stressful environments: are the effects of nurse plants positive on all understory species?. Journal of Plant Interactions, 15(1): 233-240.
-Armas, C. and Pugnaire, F.I., 2005. Plant interactions govern population dynamics in a semi‐arid plant community. Journal of Ecology, 93(5): 978-989.
-Atala, C., Pertierra, L.R., Aragón, P., Carrasco-Urra, F., Lavín, P., Gallardo-Cerda, J., Ricote-Martínez, N., Torres-Díaz, C. and Molina-Montenegro, M.A., 2019. Positive interactions among native and invasive vascular plants in Antarctica: assessing the “nurse effect” at different spatial scales. Biological Invasions, 21: 2819-2836.
-Blignaut, A. and Milton, S.J., 2005. Effects of multispecies clumping on survival of three succulent plant species translocated onto mine spoil in the succulent Karoo Desert, South Africa. Restoration Ecology, 13(1): 15-19.
-Bradshaw, A.D. and Chadwick, M.J., 1980. The restoration of land. The ecology and reclamation of derelict and degraded land. University of California press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, USA, 337p.
-Bruno, J.F., Stachowicz, J.J. and Bertness, M.D., 2003. Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18(3): 119-125.
-Callaway, R.M., 1995. Positive interactions among plants. The Botanical Review, 61(4): 306-349.
-Callaway, R. M. and Walker, L.R., 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology, 78(7): 1958-1965.
-Callaway, R.M., Brooker, R.W., Choler, P., Kikvidze, Z., Lortie, C.J., Michalet, R., Paolini, L., Pugnaire, F.T., Newingham, B., Aschehoug, E.T., Armas, C., Kikodze, D. and Cook, B.J., 2002. Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature, 417: 844-848.
-Carbajal-Navarro, A., Navarro-Miranda, E., Blanco-García, A., Cruzado-Vargas, A.L., Gómez-Pineda, E., Zamora-Sánchez, C., Pineda-García, F., O’Neill, G., Gómez-Romero, M., Lindig-Cisneros, R., Johnsen, K., Lobit, P., Lopez-Toledo, L., Herrerías-Diego, Y. and Sáenz-Romero, C., 2019. Ecological restoration of Abies religiosa forests using nurse plants and assisted migration in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7: 1-16.
-Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A. and Gómez, J.M., 2002. Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restoration ecology, 10(2): 297-305.
-Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J. A., Gómez, J.M. and Gómez-Aparicio, L., 2004. Benefits of using shrubs as nurse plants for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains: A 4‐year study. Restoration Ecology,12(3): 352–358.
-Cavieres, L.A., 2021. Facilitation and the invasibility of plant communities. Journal of Ecology, 109 (5): 2019-2028.
-Cavieres, L.A., Badano, E.I., Sierra-Almeida, A. and Molina-Montenegro, M.A., 2007. Microclimatic modifications of cushion plants and their consequences for seedling survival of native and non-native herbaceous species in the high Andes of central Chile. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39(2): 229-236.
-Cavieres, L.A., Badano, E.I., Sierra‐Almeida, A., Gómez‐González, S. and Molina‐Montenegro, M.A., 2006. Positive interactions between alpine plant species and the nurse cushion plant Laretia acaulis do not increase with elevation in the Andes of central Chile. New Phytologist, 169(1): 59-69.
-Egerova, J., Proffitt E. and Travis, S.E., 2003. Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel in a created Louisiana salt marsh. Wetlands 23(2): 250–56.
-Flores, J. and Jurado, E., 2003. Are nurse‐protégé interactions more common among plants from arid environments?. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14(6): 911-916.
-Gasque, M. and Garcıa-Fayos, P., 2004. Interaction between Stipa tenacissima and Pinus halepensis: consequences for reforestation and the dynamics of grass steppes in semi-arid Mediterranean areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 189(1-3): 251-261.
-Gómez-Aparicio, L., Zamora, R., Gómez, J.M., Hódar, J.A., Castro, J. and Baraza, E., 2004. Applying plant facilitation to forest restoration: a meta‐analysis of the use of shrubs as nurse plants. Ecological applications, 14(4): 1128-1138.
-Huber‐Sannwald, E. and Pyke, D.A., 2005. Establishing native grasses in a big sagebrush–dominated site: an intermediate restoration step. Restoration Ecology, 13(2): 292-301.
-Hupp, N., Llambí, L.D., Ramírez, L. and Callaway, R.M., 2017. Alpine cushion plants have species–specific effects on microhabitat and community structure in the tropical Andes. Journal of Vegetation Science, 28(5): 928-938.
-Jafari, A., 2013, Facilitating role of the nurse plant (Ziziphus spina-christi) on the creation of fertile islands and its effect on the plant community and soil characteristics of the Saharo-Sandian region in South of Fars Province. Master thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz,103p (In persian).
-Khosrojerdi, A., Darroudi, H. and Namdust, T., 1999. Effect of nurse plant and geographical direction on the survival and growth of juniper seedlings (Juniperus excelsa) in Hezar Masjed forests. Journal of biology of Iran, 21(4): 760-768 (In persian).
-Kleinhesselink, A.R., Kraft, N.J., Pacala, S.W. and Levine, J.M., 2022. Detecting and interpreting higher‐order interactions in ecological communities. Ecology letters, 25(7): 1604-1617.
-Kunstler, G., Falster, D., Coomes, D.A., Hui, F., Kooyman, R.M., Laughlin, D.C., Poorter, L., Vanderwel, M., Vieilledent, G., Wright, S.J., Aiba, M., Baraloto, Ch., Caspersen, J., Cornelissen, J.H., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Hanewinkel, M., Herault, B., Kattge, J., Kurokawa, H., Onoda, Y., Peñuelas, J., Poorter, H., Uriarte, M., Richardson, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., Sun, I-F., Ståhl, G., Swenson, N.G., Thompson, J., Westerlund, B., Wirth, Ch., Zavala, M.A., Zeng, H., Zimmerman, J.K., Zimmermann, N.E. and Westoby, M., 2016. Plant functional traits have globally consistent effects on competition. Nature, 529(7585): 204-207.
-Lozano, Y.M., Hortal, S., Armas, C. and Pugnaire, F.I., 2020. Complementarity in nurse plant systems: soil drives community composition while microclimate enhances productivity and diversity. Plant and Soil, 450: 385-396.
-Maestre, F.T., Bautista, S., Cortina, J. and Bellot, J., 2001. Potential for using facilitation by grasses to establish shrubs on a semiarid degraded steppe. Ecological Applications, 11(6): 1641-1655.
-Maestre, F.T., Bautista, S., Cortina, J., Dı́az, G., Honrubia, M. and Vallejo, R., 2002. Microsite and mycorrhizal inoculum effects on the establishment of Quercus coccifera in a semi-arid degraded steppe. Ecological Engineering, 19(4): 289-295.
-Melfo, A., Callaway, R.M. and Llambí, L.D., 2020. Interactions between nurse plants and parasitic beneficiaries: A theoretical approach to indirect facilitation. Journal of theoretical biology, 494: 110238.
-Mitchley, J., Buckley, G.P. and Helliwell, D.R., 1996. Vegetation establishment on chalk marl spoil: the role of nurse grass species and fertilizer application. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7(4): 543-548.
-Niering, W.A., Whittaker, R.H. and Lowe, C.H., 1963. The Saguaro: A Population in Relation to Environment: Reproduction and survival are more affected by man's intrusion than by environmental extremes. Science, 142(3588): 15-23.
-O'Brien, M.J., Carbonell, E.P., Losapio, G., Schlüter, P.M. and Schöb, C., 2021. Foundation species promote local adaptation and fine‐scale distribution of herbaceous plants. Journal of Ecology, 109(1): 191-203.
-Padilla, F.M. and Pugnaire, F.I., 2006. The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4(4): 196-202.
-Petrou, P. and Milios, E., 2012. Establishment and survival of Pinus brutia Ten. seedlings over the first growing season in abandoned fields in central Cyprus. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 146(3): 522-533.
-Rehling, F., Sandner, T.M. and Matthies, D., 2021. Biomass partitioning in response to intraspecific competition depends on nutrients and species characteristics: A study of 43 plant species. Journal of Ecology, 109(5): 2219-2233.
-Ren, H., Yang, L. and Liu, N., 2008. Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China. Progress in Natural Science, 18(2): 137-142.
-Ruwanza, S., 2018. Nurse plants have the potential to accelerate vegetation recovery in Lapalala Wilderness old fields, South Africa. African Journal of Ecology, 57(1): 82-91.
-Sánchez-Velásquez, L.R., Quintero-Gradilla, S., Aragón-Cruz, F. and Pineda-López, M.R., 2004. Nurses for Brosimum alicastrum reintroduction in secondary tropical dry forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 198(1-3): 401-404.
-Sadat, M.A., Alvaninejad, S., Salehi, A., Askari, Y. and Gholami, P., 2022. The importance of nurse species in establishing of natural regeneration in forests of South Zagros (Vezg forest, Yasouj). Forest Research and Development, 8(1): 27-41.
-Sadeghi, T., Mesdaghi, M. and Jangjoo, M., 2012. Effect of morphological characteristics of nurse shrubs on the mechanical facilitation of understory plants. Fifth conference on Range and Range management of Iran, May, 16-18, 2012, Azad university of Broogerd, Broojerd, Iran (In persian).
-Sadeghi-shahrokht, T., Jangjoo, M. and Mesdaghi, M., 2014, Effect of different levels of livestock exploitation on understory production and canopy structure of three desert lettuce pastures, Gavan and Varak (Case study: Gonabad Kakhak pastures). Journal of Range management, 1 (1): 16-32 (In persian).
-Silvertown, J. and Charlesworth, D.,2009. Introduction to Plant Population Ecology. Blackwell publishing, Malden, USA, Fourth Edition, 320p.
-Simons, L. and Allsopp, N., 2007. Rehabilitation of rangelands in Paulshoek, Namaqualand: Understanding vegetation change using biophysical manipulations. Journal of Arid Environments, 70(4): 755–766.
-Torroba-Balmori, P., Zaldívar, P., Alday, J.G., Fernández-Santos, B. and Martínez-Ruiz, C., 2015. Recovering Quercus species on reclaimed coal wastes using native shrubs as restoration nurse plants. Ecological engineering, (77): 146-153.
-Török, P. and Helm, A., 2017. Ecological theory provides strong support for habitat restoration. Biological Conservation, 206: 85-91. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 553 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 385 |
||