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کنترل زیستی و شیمیایی بیماری کپک خاکستری توت فرنگی در گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 10، شماره 1، شهریور 1401، صفحه 155-167 اصل مقاله (625.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2023.362453.334 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کسری شریفی* 1؛ شهرام نعیمی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کپک خاکستری که عامل آن Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. است، از بیماریهای مهم توتفرنگی درشرایط مرطوب به شمار میآید. در این تحقیق تاثیر قارچکشهای تجاری روماک® با ماده موثر عصاره گیاه بنه (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) با غلظتهای 3، 4 و 5، سرناد® حاوی باکتری Bacillus subtilis QST 713 با غلظتهای 3، 5 و 7، و مخلوط معدنی سراکوئینت® متشکل از سولفات مس و فسفیت پتاسیم با غلظتهای 2/5، 3 و 3/5، در مقایسه با قارچکش سیگنوم® (بوسکالید+پیراکلواستروبین) با غلظت یک در هزار و تیمار شاهد (آبپاشی) جهت کنترل بیماری کپک خاکستری توتفرنگی بررسی شد. آزمایشات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 11 تیمار و چهار تکرار در دو گلخانه تحقیقاتی و تجاری صورت گرفت. محلول پاشیها همزمان با تشکیل گل در سه مرحله، هر 10–7 روز یک بار انجام شد. ارزیابی اثر تیمارها بر اساس درصد گلهای سوخته و تعداد میوههای آلوده در بوتهها در گلخانه و درصد میوههای آلوده پس از انبارداری صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که قارچکش سیگنوم® بیشترین تاثیر را در کاهش سوختگی گل، تعداد میوههای آلوده و درصد میوههای آلوده در مراحل مختلف ارزیابی داشت. قارچکشهای روماک با غلظت چهار در هزار، سرناد پنج در هزار و سراکوئینت سه در هزار به ترتیب 83/2–74/9، 83/6–71/6 و 82/6–72/1 درصد، تعداد میوههای آلوده را کاهش دادند. کارایی این تیمارها در کاهش درصد میوههای آلوده به ترتیب 57/9، 54/3 و 66/7 درصد پس از برداشت برآورد شد. ارزیابی تاثیر تیمارها بر سوختگی گل توسط روماک، سرناد و سراکوئینت با غلظتهای مذکور به ترتیب، 89/3–62/5، 9/5–54/90 و 91/5–71/4 درصد تعیین شد. به این ترتیب، استفاده از قارچکشهای روماک®، سرناد® و سراکوئینت® برای کنترل بیماری کپک خاکستری توتفرنگی، در مراحل تشکیل گل و هر هفت روز یک بار کارایی مناسبی داشته و اثرات سوء بهداشتی و زیستمحیطی کمتری در مقایسه با قارچکشهای شیمیایی آلی دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| سوختگی گل؛ پوسیدگی میوه؛ عصاره گیاهی؛ قارچکش معدنی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological and chemical control of strawberry gray mold disease in greenhouse | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kasra Sharifi1؛ Shahram Naeimi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. is one of the most important diseases of in humid conditions. In this research, the effect of commercial fungicides Roomak® with the active ingredient of pistachio essential oil (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) with the concentrations of 3, 4 and 5; Serenade® containing Bacillus subtilis QST 713 bacteria with the concentrations of 3, 5 and 7, and CeraQuint® with active ingredients copper sulfate and potassium phosphite with concentrations of 2.5, 3 and 3.5, were evaluated in the suppression of gray mold in comparison with the Signum® (boscalid+pyraclostrobin). The experiments were carried out in a complete randomized blocks design with 11 treatments and four replications under the greenhouse conditions. The treatments were applied at the bloom formation time and once every 7–10 days in three stages. The effect of the treatments was evaluated according to percentage of blossom blight and number of infected fruits in the plants and the percentage of infected fruits after storage condition. The results showed that Signum® is the most effective treatment in reducing blossom blight, the number of infected fruits and the percentage of infected fruits in different evaluation stages. Fungicides: Roomak® (4/1000), Serenade® (5/1000) and CeraQuint® (3/1000), reduced the number of infected fruits about 74.9–83.2, 71.6–83.6 and 72.1–82.6 percentage, respectively. The efficiency of these treatments was estimated as 57.9, 54.3, and 66.7% in the reduction of the percentage of infected fruits after harvesting, respectively. The evaluation of the effect of mentioned treatments on blossom blight, showed that the disease was reduced by 62.5–89.3, 54.90–90.5 and 71.4–91.5, respectively. In this way, the use of Romak®, Serenad® and Seraquint® fungicides is effective to control of strawberry gray mold disease, in flowering stages and once every seven days and have fewer disadvantageous effects on health and the environment, compared to chemical fungicides. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Blossom blight, fruit rot, plant extract, mineral fungicide | ||
| مراجع | ||
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