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مهار زیستی بیمارگرهای مهم برنج با استفاده از قارچهای اندوفیت جداشده از برنج هوازی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 10، شماره 1، شهریور 1401، صفحه 107-125 اصل مقاله (886.04 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2023.361900.331 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب زارع رحمت آباد1؛ سید اسماعیل رضوی* 2؛ کامران رهنما3؛ عبدالحسین طاهری4؛ جاوید قرخلو5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، بیماریشناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران. | ||
| 4دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
| 5دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برنج از مهمترین غلات مورد مصرف غذایی مردم جهان به ویژه خاورمیانه میباشد. بیماری بلاست و پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه، دو بیماری قارچی مهم برنج در مناطق مختلف محسوب می شوند. قارچ های اندوفیت یکی از عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک محسوب شده که علاوه بر کنترل بیماری های گیاهی موجب بهبود رشد در گیاه میزبان میشوند. بدین منظور جدایه های قارچی اندوفیت و همچنین جدایه های بیمارگر از برگ، غلاف، ساقه و ریشه بوته های برنج هوازی از شالیزارهای استان گلستان جداسازی و شناسایی مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی شدند. سپس فعالیت آنتاگونیستی آن ها علیه جدایه بیمارگر Magnaporthe oryzae عامل بیماری بلاست و جدایه بیمارگر Fusarium fujikuroi عامل بیماری پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه به سه روش، کشت متقابل، متابولیت های فرار و متابولیت های غیر فرار در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، در روش کشت متقابل جدایه F. incarnatum بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی از رشد قارچ بیمارگر M. oryzae و قارچ بیمارگر F. fujikuroi را به ترتیب با میانگین 58/64و 60/03درصد داشت. در روش متابولیت های فرار بیشترین درصد مهار قارچ بیمارگر F. fujikuroi را جدایه E. nigrum با 57/13درصد بازدارندگی و جدایه F. incarnatum با 52/24درصد بازدارندگی از خود نشان دادند. در روش متابولیت های غیر فرار (عصاره)، جدایه های F. incarnatum و F. proliferatum به ترتیب با میانگین 62/27و 57/96درصد، بیشترین درصد ممانعت از رشد قارچ عامل بیماری بلاست را از خود نشان دادند. جدایه F. incarnatum حاصل از این پژوهش فعالیت آنتاگونیستی را در سه آزمون کشت متقابل، متابولیت های فرار و متابولیت های غیر فرار علیه قارچهای M. oryzae و F. fujikuroi نشان داد. همچنین در این آزمایش جدایه های F. proliferatum و F. incarnatum در شرایط گلخانه موجب مهار بیماری بلاست و پوسیدگی طوقه و افزایش ارتفاع و وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه برنج شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Magnaporthe oryzae؛ متابولیتهای فرار؛ درصد بازدارندگی؛ F. incarnatum؛ اندوفیت برنج | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological control of important rice pathogens using endophytic fungi isolated from aerobic rice | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zeinab zare rahmat abad1؛ seyed esmail razavi2؛ kamran Rahnama3؛ Abdolhossein Taheri4؛ Javid Gherekhloo5 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of plant pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan | ||
| 4Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan | ||
| 5Associate professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of plant production, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rice is most important grains consumed by the people of the world. Blast disease and crown and root rot are two important fungal diseases of rice. Endophytic fungi are biological control agents plant diseases and improve growth in the host plant. For this purpose, endophytic fungal isolates and pathogenic isolates from leaves, pods, stems and roots of aerobic rice plants of Golestan province were isolated and identified morphologically and molecularly. Then, their antagonistic activity against Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium fujikuroi disease were investigated by three methods, dual culture, volatile metabolites and non–volatile metabolites. The results showed that, in dual culture method, the F. incarnatum had the highest inhibition rate against the growth of M. oryzae and F. fujikuroi, with 58.64 and 60.03% inhibition, respectively. In volatile metabolites method, E. nigrum with 57.13% and F. incarnatum with 52.24% inhibition showed the highest percentage of inhibition of F. fujikuroi. In the method of non–volatile metabolites, F. incarnatum and F. proliferatum showed the highest percentage of inhibiting the growth of M. oryzae with 62.27 and 57.96%, respectively. F. incarnatum showed antagonistic activity in three dual culture, volatile metabolites and non–volatile metabolites against M. oryzae and F. fujikuroi fungi. Also, in this experiment, isolates of F. proliferatum and F. incarnatum inhibited the blast disease and crown rot and increased the height and fresh weight of the shoots and roots of rice plants under greenhouse conditions. incarnatum showed antagonistic activity in three dual culture, volatile metabolites and non-volatile metabolites against M. oryzae and F. fujikuroi fungi. Also, in this experiment, isolates of F. proliferatum and F. incarnatum inhibited the blast disease and crown rot and increased the height and fresh weight of the shoots and roots of rice plants under greenhouse conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Magnaporthe oryzae, volatile metabolites, inhibition percentage, F. incarnatum, rice endophyte | ||
| مراجع | ||
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