| تعداد نشریات | 287 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 85 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,159 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,108 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,527,992 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,477,185 |
حمایت حقوقی از جنگل ها و مراتع در برابر آفات و بیماری ها: مطالعهی تطبیقی قوانین جنگل ایران، فرانسه، ترکیه و آفریقای جنوبی | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 20، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، اسفند 1401، صفحه 336-348 اصل مقاله (650.4 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2023.358531.1543 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید رضا افرندسرخنی* 1؛ محمد عواطفی همت2؛ تقی شامخی3؛ الهه محسنی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. پست الکترونیک: afrand@ut.ac.ir 2- استادیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در سالهای اخیر تغییرات اقلیمی در کنار گسترش حمل و نقل، شیوع آفات و بیماریها را در عرصههای طبیعی تشدید کرده است. حقوق تطبیقی یکی از روشهایی است که میتوان احکام چند نظام حقوقی را پیرامون یک مسئله خاص بررسی کرده و راهکارهای قانونی مناسب را جهت بهره گیری در حقوق داخلی یافت. در این پژوهش، قوانین جنگلها و مراتع ایران، فرانسه، ترکیه و آفریقای جنوبی بررسی و موضوعات قانونی مرتبط با آفات و بیماریها در سه دسته اقدامات حمایتی قبل، حین و بعد از شیوع آفات و بیماریها طبقهبندی شده و مورد توصیف، مقایسه و تبیین قرار گرفت. ارزیابیها نشان داد اقدامات زیر در قوانین کشور هامورد توجه قرار گرفتهاند: پرورش جنگل، خروج مازاد مقطوعات، تدوین شاخصها و معیارهای مدیریت پایدار و پایش مستمر آنها، اعلام کانونهای شیوع و مناطق آلوده به عنوان منطقهی ویژه حفاظتی، جمعآوری ارگانیسمهای مضر ویا بستر زیست وامحای آنها، مبارزه زیستی وآتشزنی کنترل شده و همچنین انجام پژوهشهای بیشتر برای حمایت در مقابل آفات و بیماریها. در قوانین کشورهاتاکید بر جلوگیری از شیوع آفات و بیماریهای جنگلهاو مراتع است واقدامهای حین شیوع و پس از آن کمتر مورد توجه بودهاند. به علاوه، توجه به یافتههای علمی و پژوهشی در زمینهی مبارزه با آفات و بیماریهای جنگل و مرتع نشان داد برخی اقدامات مفید و ضروری که در قوانین بررسی شده مورد تصریح قرار نگرفتهاند عبارتند از : نظاممندسازی بهرهبرداریها، تدوین فهرستی از ارگانیسمهای مضر و آفات قرنطینهای جنگلها و مراتع، انجام عملیات احیایی و بهداشتی در مناطق متاثر از آفات و بیماریها و گزارشدهی. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آفات و بیماریهای درختان؛ ارگانیسم مضر؛ بهداشت جنگل؛ حمایت حقوقی؛ حقوق تطبیقی؛ قانون جنگل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Legal protection of forests and rangelands against pests and diseases: a comparative study of the forest laws of Iran, France, Turkey, and South Africa | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid reza Afrand Sorkhani1؛ Mohammad A. Hemmat2؛ Taghi Shamekhi3؛ Elaheh Mohseni4 | ||
| 1Phd student., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Prof., Department of Private Law, Azad University, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In recent years, climate changes and the expansion of transportation facilities, have elevated plant pests and diseases outbreak and transmission in natural ecosystems. Codification and implementationof effective laws to combat forest pests and diseases is one ofthe ways to achieve sustainable forest management. Comparative law with an interdisciplinary approach, provides insights to find new legal solutions to cope with emerging challenges, suggest new legal rules, and amend statutory law in specific domains. In this article the laws of forests and rangelandsof Iran, France, Turkey, and South Africa were investigated and provisions related to insects, pests, and diseases were extracted. The provisions were classified into three categories of measures including before, during, and after the outbreak and several pillars emerged in each category. Each pillar was described, compared, explained, and finally evaluated. The findings showed that the following measures have been considered in the laws of countries: Silviculture practices, removal of damaged trees and woody residuals, development of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management and their continuous monitoring, declaration of outbreak hotspots and contaminated areas as special areas for conservation, collection of harmful organisms and pathogens or their habitats, biological control, and prescribed burning. The results showed that in the studied laws, emphasis is placed on preventing stages of pests and disease outbreaks rather than during and after the outbreaks that remind us prevention is better than cure. These findings provide pillars for amending the national forest and range laws and regulations to combat wild plant insects, pests, and diseases. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| pests and diseases of Trees, Harmful organism, Forest sanitation, Legal protection, Comparative law, Forest law | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
-Afrand Sorkhani, H.R., Avatefi Hemmat, M., Shamekhi, T. and Mohseni, E., 2022. Comparative study of special areas for conservation in forests and rangelands laws of Iran, France, and South Africa. Journal of Natural Environment, 75(2): 334-347 (In Persian).
-Aghajani, H., Marvi Mohadjer, M., Asef, M. and Shirvany, A., 2014. The relationship between wood-decay fungi abundance and some morphological features of hornbeam (Case study: Kheyroud forest, Noshahr). Forest and Range Protection Research, 12(1): 55-65 (In Persian).
-Alizadeh Aliabadi. A., 2022. A review of the invasive alien species role in biodiversity loss and how to manage them coordinately at the national and international level. Forest and Range Protection Research, 19(2): 231-250 (In Persian).
-Allison, J.D., Borden, J.H. and Seybold, S.J., 2004. A review of the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Chemo ecology, 14: 123-150.
-Amini, S., Khani, M., Ahvazi, M. and Farashiani, M.E., 2017. Chemical compounds and insecticidal effects of three medicinal plant essential oils on Sitophilus oryzae L. Forest and Range Protection Research, 15(1): 17-29 (In Persian).
-Arban, E., 2011. Interdisciplinary approaches to legal research: Law and economics and critical legal studies from a north American perspective. Amministrazione in Cammino, 1(1): 1-27.
- Babaei M.R., Fathi, A.A., Gilasian, E. and Barimani Varandi, H., 2016. Abundance and population fluctuations of syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in altitudinal gradient in Sari, Iran. Forest and Range Protection Research, 14(1): 12-21 (In Persian).
- Badripoor, H., Jahdi, R., Zohdi, M. and Jafarian, V., 2017. Prevention better than treatment, necessity and requirements of quarantine of forest pests and diseases. The first national conference on the protection and preservation of Arasbaran forests. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of east Azarbaijan province: 1-8 (In Persian).
- Borhani, A., Badalyan, S. and Mosazadeh, S.A., 2014. Antagonistic activity of some Agaricales mushrooms against plant pathogenic fungi and Trichoderma species in Mazandaran forests. Forest and Range Protection Research, 11(2): 108-116 (In Persian).
- Case, A., Charles, W. and Lang, P.S., 2013. Environmental Law (Translation), Vol.1. University of Tehran, Tehran, 261p (In Persian).
- Evans, H.F., Moraal, L.G. and Pajares, J.A., 2004. Biology, ecology and economic importance of Buprestidae and Cerambycidae, Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 447-474.
- FAO, 2020. Global Forest Resources Assessment, Main report and Key findings, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 186 p.
- FAO, 2018. Introduction to Buxus hyrcana Pojark ,1954, boxwood blight disease and box tree moth, strengthening the resilience of Zagros forests to oak decline and Caspian forests to boxwood blight and development of national forest monitoring system in the Islamic Republic of iran. Food and Agriculture Organization of the Uited Nation and Forest, Range and Watershed Organization of Iran, 20 p.
- Ghavidel, M., Bayat, P. and Farashiani, M.E., 2022. Evaluation of the progression of boxwood blight disease in the forests of northern Iran using satellite image processing techniques. Iranian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 19(4): 325-334.
- James, P.D., Daniel, A.P. and Kimmerer, T.W., 1990. Carbohydrate reserves, radial growth, and mechanisms of resistance of oak trees to phloemboring insects. Oecologia, 83: 458-468.
- James, P.D., Thomas, W.K. and Gerald, L.N., 1986. The role of host tree condition in attack of white oaks by the twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Oecologia, 70: 596-600.
- Jules, E.S., Carroll, A.L., Garcia, A.M., Steenbock, C.M. and Kauffman, M.J., 2014. Host heterogeneity influences the impact of a non–native disease invasion on populations of a foundation tree species. Ecosphere, 5(9): 1-17.
- Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi, M., 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 560p (In Persian).
- Karami, J., Kavosi, M.R. and Babanezhad, M., 2017. Application of survival analysis methods to assess the effects of individual characteristics, habitat and environment on survival time of oak charcoal against the charcoal disease. Forest and Range Protection Research, 15(1): 53-66 (In Persian).
- Lagarde, M., 2020. Code forestier, livre premier, dispositions communes à tous les bois et forêts. Droitforestier.com., 713 p.
- Mansoor, M., Hosseini Sadrabadi, I. and Karim, D., 2022. Egal effects of determining the environmental protected areas on the right to property and public and private land ownership. Forest and Range Protection Research, 19(2): 384-399 (In Persian).
- McNeely, J.A., Mooney, H.A., Neville, L.E., Schei, P. and Waage, J.K., 2001. A Global strategy on invasive alien species. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 50p.
- Moharramnejad, N. and Mafi, A., 2010. Investigating of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in implementing of forest principles in Iran's north forests (Rio to Johannesburg). Sciences and Technology of Environment, 11(4): 149-172 (In Persian).
- Mohseni, E., 2019. Methodology of comparative law. Comparative Law Review, 10(2): 695-717 (In Persian).
- Nazemi Rafih, J. and Moharramipour, S., 2008. Repellency of Nerium oleander L., Lavandulla officinalis L. and Ferula assafoetida L. extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23 (4): 443-452 (In Persian).
- Orucu, E., 2006. Methodology of comparative law. Smits, Jan M., Elgar encyclopedia of comparative law, Northampton, USA: 442-454.
- Rajendran, S., Sriranjini, V., 2008. Plant products as fumigants for stored product insect control. Journal of Stored Products Research, 44: 126-135.
- Shamekhi, T., 2018. Regulations and Administration of Natural Resources. University of Tehran, Tehran, 600p.
- Trjapitzin, V.A. and Volkovitsh, M. G., 2011. A review of species of the genus Oobius Trjapitzin, 1963 (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) egg parasitoids of jewel beetles, longicorn beetles (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae), and robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae). Entomological Review, 91(5): 670-676.
- Van Hoecke, M., 2015. Methodology of comparative legal research. Law and Method, 12: 1-35.
- Zweigert, K. and Kotz, H., 2014. An Introduction to Comparative Law (Translation). MAJD, Tehran, 256p. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,376 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 444 |
||