| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,996 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,568 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,198,036 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,557,307 |
ارزیابی کیفی نتایج اجرای برنامه جامع صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی در استان گیلان | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 30، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، آذر 1401، صفحه 257-276 اصل مقاله (381.87 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2022.360196.2070 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سجاد زیرک‌پور ناوی1؛ محمد عواطفی همت* 2؛ سید مهدی حشمت الواعظین3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با گذشت حدود 17 سال از اجرای برنامه جامع صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی، ارزیابی مناسبی از نتایج اجرای آن نشده است. اگر دلایل تجربی نشان ندهند که اجرای این برنامه سبب چه وضعیتی شده است، نمی‌توان برای ادامه اجرا، اصلاح یا توقف آن تصمیم‌گیری درستی کرد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، نتایج اجرای سیاست صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی در استان گیلان در سه مؤلفه اکولوژیکی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی به روش کیفی ارزیابی شد. ارزیابی کیفی به روش میدانی و ابزار مصاحبه نیمه‌سازمان‌یافته با 20 نفر از کارشناس‌ها اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری، اداره کل حفاظت محیط‌زیست و سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی استان گیلان با نمونه‌گیری گلوله‌برفی انجام شد و داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل مضمون تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد اجرای این برنامه از دیدگاه اکولوژیکی مثمرثمر بوده و سبب توقف جنگل‌زدایی و احیاء مناطق جنگلی تخریب یافته شده است. البته، عدم استمرار در مراقبت و حفاظت از جنگل‌کاری‌ها به‌دلیل عدم استمرار در تخصیص اعتبار و تناسب آن با تورم از مهم‌ترین مشکلات اجرایی این سیاست در این زمینه بوده است. از دیدگاه اجتماعی، اجرای برنامه به‌دلیل عدم توجه به معیشت پایدار روستاییان و دامداران سبب آسیب‌های اجتماعی (بیکاری، نابرابری، فقر و فساد) و ساماندهی بدون برنامه دامداران باعث افزایش فشار دام در عرصه‌های همجوار شده است. از دیدگاه اقتصادی، اجرای این برنامه در تثبیت مالکیت عرصه‌های ملی مؤثر بوده است، اما به‌دلیل کمبود منابع مالی نتایج مورد نیاز و کاملاً مطلوب تولید نشد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که باتوجه‌به برخی نارسایی‌های اجرایی، بازنگری و اصلاح در اجرا و ارزیابی سیاست صیانت از جنگل‌های هیرکانی ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیاست جنگل؛ تحلیل مضمون؛ ساماندهی جنگل‌نشینان؛ مؤلفه اکولوژیکی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A qualitative evaluation of the results of implementing the Comprehensive Forest Safeguarding Policy in Guilan Province, Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S. Zirakpour Navi1؛ M. Avatefi Hemmat2؛ S.M. Heshmatol Vaezin3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Comprehensive Forest Safeguarding Policy (CFSP) of the Hyrcanian Forests in Iran has been adopted and implemented ca. 17 years ago. However, the evaluation reports of the policy have not been released yet. If the empirical evidence does not show the conditions the implementation of this policy has led to, neither modification of decisions regarding the continuation of the implementation nor abolishment of the policy would be possible. Therefore, here the results of CFSP implementation were evaluated in Guilan Province. Qualitative evaluation and snowball sampling were conducted, followed by semi-structured interviews to discuss three ecological, social, and economic dimensions of the implementation results with 20 experts from the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, General Department of Environment, and Management and Planning Organization of Guilan Province. The data was thematic. Results showed that the implementation of this policy has been fruitful from an ecological perspective. Deforestation decreased, while restoration of degraded forest areas increased. However, discontinuity in budget allocation and contradiction between the amount of budget and national inflation rates have led to a lack of continuity in the conservation and maintenance of reforestation areas. In the social domain, the implementation of CFSP has led to the emergence of social issues such as unemployment, inequality, poverty, and debauchery among relocated villagers and compensated herders due to the lack of attention to the sustainable livelihood of villagers and forest herders. In addition, the unplanned relocation of forest herders has increased livestock grazing pressure on the neighboring areas. From an economic perspective, the CFSP implementation has led to the delimitation of national forest borders and the confirmation of state authority on national lands. However, the planned objectives were not completely achieved due to insufficient financial resources. The findings show that reviewing and modifying the CFSP implementation and evaluation is necessary due to the above-mentioned inadequacies. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Hyrcanian Forests, Comprehensive Forest safeguarding policy, ecological outcomes, forest policy evaluation, relocation of forest-dependent communities, thematic analysis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abdollahi, S. and Nasiri, V., 2020. Detection and prediction of forest level changes in Guilan province using satellite images and geomod model. Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 7(5): 141-151 (In Persian with English summary). - Abedi Ja’fari, H., Taslimi, M.S., Faghihi, A. and Sheikhzadeh, M., 2011. Thematic analysis and thematic networks: a simple and efficient method for exploring patterns embedded in qualitative data municipalities. Strategic Management Thought, 5(2): 151-198 (In Persian with English summary). - Aguilar, F.X. and Wen, Y., 2021. Socio-economic and ecological impacts of China’s forest sector policies. Forest Policy and Economics, 127: 102454. - Avatefi Hemmat, M., 2016. Building a multiple-use forest management framework to conserve biodiversity in the Caspian Hyrcanian Forest landscape. Technical report, National and regional socioeconomic report, Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Organization, United Nations Development Program, Global Environment Facility, Tehran, Iran, 51p+18p Appendices. - Avatefi Hemmat, M., Shamekhi, T., Zobeiry, M., Arab, D.R. and Qazi Tabatabaei, M., 2013. Forest degradation: An investigation of forestry organization experts and local herders’ mental models. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 66(1), 39-54 (In Persian with English summary). - Bisang, K. and Zimmermann, W., 2006. Key concepts and methods of programme evaluation and conclusions from forestry practice in Switzerland. Forest Policy and Economics, 8(5): 502-511. - Braun, V. and Clarke, V., 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2): 77-101. - Buttoud, G., 2006. Forest policy evaluation in Europe: State of art. Forest Policy and Economics, 8(5): 499-501. - Cubbage, F., O'Laughlin, J. and Peterson, M.N., 2016. Natural Resource Policy. Waveland Press, Long Grove, Illinois, 505p. - Doshmangir, L., Mostafavi, H. and Rashidian, A., 2014. How to do policy analysis? A view on approaches and modes of policy analysis in health sector. Hakim Health Systems Research, 17(2): 138-153 (In Persian with English summary). - Emami Meibodi, R., 2015. Comparative analyses of policy evaluation systems, principles and rules. Political Knowledge, 11(1): 45-68 (In Persian with English summary). - Ghanbari, S., Jafari, M. and Nasiri, V., 2015. Effects of conservation programs in changing the pattern of fuel consumption of villagers in the Arasbaran forests. Forest Research and Development, 1(1): 67-83 (In Persian with English summary). - Haghdoust, N., Akbarinia, M., Hosseini, S.M. and Varamesh, S., 2012. Effects of substitution of degraded natural forests with plantations on soil carbon sequestration and fertility in north of Iran. Journal of Environmental Studies, 38(3): 135-146 (In Persian with English summary). - Heshmatol Vaezin, S.M. and Avatefi Hemmat, M., 2022. Evaluating the implementation methods of the livestock removal policy in Hyrcanian forests and developing a new policy statement for reducing deforestation and forest degradation due to livestock grazing. Final report of research project, Office of Vice President for Research and Technology, University of Tehran, and Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization, Iran, 477p (In Persian with English summary). - Khorami Moghadam, S. and Bakhshoode, M., 2007. Economic appraisal of timberwork in Gilan province. Agricultural Economics, 1(3): 189-196 (In Persian with English summary). - Maryudi, A., Devkota, R.R., Schusser, C., Yufanyi, C., Salla, M., Aurenhammer, H., ... and Krott, M., 2012. Back to basics: Considerations in evaluating the outcomes of community forestry. Forest Policy and Economics, 14(1): 1-5. - Mendes, A.M.S.C., 2006. Implementation analysis of forest programmes: Some theoretical notes and an example. Forest Policy and Economics, 8(5): 512-528. - Palanisami, K. and Suresh Kumar, D., 2009. Impacts of watershed development programmes: Experiences and evidences from Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 22: 387-396. - Sadeghianfar, A., 2014. The participation of users in the evaluation of the effects of natural resources projects (case study: Zagros Forest Protection Plan in Marvdasht). Agricultural Engineering Monthly, 62: 30-39 (In Persian). - Slee, B., 2006. The socio-economic evaluation of the impact of forestry on rural development: A regional level analysis. Forest Policy and Economics, 8(5): 542-554. - Sutton, J. and Austin, Z., 2015. Qualitative research: Data collection, analysis, and management. Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 68(3): 226-231. - Taghizadeh, M., Nobahar, R. and Gholamidon, H., 2019. The foundations of criminal policy evaluation. Criminal Law and Criminology Studies, 49(2): 353-371 (In Persian with English summary). - Taseh, M., 2016. Investigating the plan of Zagros forests safeguarding in Kermanshah province, challenges and solutions (Case study: Gehwarah district located in Zimakan watershed). Forest and Rangeland, 107: 69-76 (In Persian). - Yousefpoor, M., Rostami Shahraji, T., Bonyad, A.E. and Salahi, M., 2015. Effects of population density on forest structure quantity characteristics (Case study: Asalem forests in Guilan province). Journal of Forest Sustainable Development, 1(4): 321-328 (In Persian with English summary). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 433 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 307 |
||