| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,231 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,790 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,025,329 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,188,045 |
اثر کاربرد کود اوره پوشش دار بر فرآیند انتقال نیترات به اعماق مختلف خاک در مقایسه با برخی از انواع کودهای رایج | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 23، شماره 87، آبان 1401، صفحه 77-98 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2022.359844.1520 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی رضا حسن اقلی* 1؛ زهره حیدری زاد2؛ محمود مشعل3؛ مریم وراوی پور3 | ||
| 1دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 2دانش آموخته گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، پردیس ابوریحان، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کاربرد انواع کودهای شیمیایی و آلی رایج بهمنظور افزودن بر میزان محصول تولیدی در کشاورزی امروز متداول است که گاهی میتواند منجر به ورود آلایندههایی مانند نیترات به محیط زیست و منابع آب و خاک شود. از همین روی، کاربرد کودهای اورۀ پوششدار یا کُندرها شاید بتواند انتقال آلودگی کمتری را درپی داشته باشد. در این تحقیق، به بررسی فرآیند انتقال نیترات به اعماق مختلف خاک با کاربرد انواعی از کودهای شیمیایی و آلی رایج و مقایسه آن با کود اوره کُندرها (با پوشش گوگردی) پرداخته شد. به همین منظور 15 ستون آب و خاک با مقطع استوانهای به ارتفاع 150 و قطر 10 سانتیمتر طراحی و ساخته شد. ستونها تا ارتفاع 120 سانتیمتر از خاک با بافت لوم شنی پُرشدند. برای نمونهبرداری از زهاب، زهکشهایی در عمقهای مختلف ستونها کارگذاری شد. انواع کودهای کاربردی، بر اساس کمیت نیتروژن مورد نیاز برای گیاه گوجهفرنگی محاسبه و بهکار برده شد. این پژوهش با بهکارگیری طرح آماری فاکتوریل در قالب کاملاً تصادفی، با عوامل مورد بررسی شامل: نوع کود (بدون کاربرد کود یا شاهد، اوره پوششدار، کودهای شیمیایی رایج اوره و نیترات آمونیوم، و کود آلی مرغی)؛ عمق نمونهبرداری از زهاب در ستونها (30، 60، 90 و 120 سانتیمتر از سطح خاک)؛ نوبت آبیاری (5 مرتبه) و زمان نمونهبرداری در هر آبیاری (5 نوبت، بر اساس حجم تخلیه مشخصی از آبِ خاک در یک پوروالیوم یا حجم منفذی کامل)، در سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس حکایت از آن داشت که اثرهای نوع کود کاربردی، نوبت آبیاری و زمان نمونهبرداری بر میزان نیترات اندازهگیری شده در نمونههای زهاب (آبشویی نیترات)، به لحاظ آماری در سطح یک درصد معنیدار است. ولی غلظت نیترات در نمونههای تهیه شده از عمقهای مختلف، تغییرات معنیداری را نشان نداد. بررسی مقادیر میانگین نیترات زهاب حاکی از آن بود که میزان انتقال نیترات به عمق در کاربرد کود نیترات آمونیوم (با میزان 51/67 میلیگرم بر لیتر) بیشترین، و در تیمار شاهد (با 38/39 میلیگرم بر لیتر) کمترین است. کود اوره (با 48/16 میلیگرم بر لیتر)، کود مرغی (با 40/70 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و اورۀ پوششدار (با 39/88 میلیگرم بر لیتر)، بهترتیب در بین آندو قرار گرفت و تفاوت آنها از نظر آماری در سطح یک درصد معنیدار بود. بنابراین، میتوان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد کود اورۀ پوششدار در شرایط این تحقیق توانسته است تأثیر آشکاری بر کاهش انتقال نیترات به عمق خاک داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آبشویی"؛ آلودگی نیتراتی"؛ "؛ زهکشی" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of using coated urea on the process of nitrate transfer to different soil depths compared to some types of common fertilizers | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali reza Hassanoghli1؛ Zohreh Heidaryzad2؛ Mahmoud Mashal3؛ Maryam Varavipoor3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. | ||
| 2Graduated student, Department of Water Engineering; College of Aboureyhan; University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate professor, Department of Water Engineering; College of Aboureyhan; University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction In today's agriculture, the use of different chemical and organic fertilizers is inevitable via to adding the amount of production. However, in some cases, application of fertilizers could result to introduce of some pollutants such as nitrates into the environment and water and soil resources. In such a condition, the application of urea coated fertilizers or slow released may cause less pollution. In this research, the amount of nitrate transport in soil profile was investigated due to the application of some common chemical and organic fertilizers in comparison with slow release urea (sulfur coated) fertilizer (SCU). Methodology For this purpose, 15 cylindrical columns of soil and water, with a height of 150 cm and a diameter of 10 cm were designed, constructed and used. The columns were filled up to a height of 120 cm with a sandy loam soil. Drainages were installed at different depths of the columns. The amount of applied fertilizers was calculated and applied based on the amount of nitrogen required for the tomato plant. In this research, a statistical factorial with completely randomized design was used to study the factors including: type of fertilizer (no fertilizer as control treatment, urea, ammonium nitrate, coated urea and poultry manure); sampling depth of drainage water (30, 60 , 90 and 120 cm from the soil surface); irrigation rotation (5 times) and sampling intervals in each irrigation (5 times based on specific volumes of drainage water discharge of a complete purvolum of soil) with three replications. Results and Discussion The results of the analysis of variance indicated that the effects of the type of applied fertilizer, irrigation rotation and sampling time on the amount of nitrate measured in the effluent samples (nitrate leaching) were statistically significant at the 1% level. But nitrate concentration in the samples prepared from the different depths did not show significant changes. Investigating the mean values of nitrates in drainage water showed that nitrate transfer to soil depth was the highest in ammonium nitrate application (with a mean of 51.67 mg/l) and was the lowest in control treatment (with a mean of 38.39 mg/l). Also, urea fertilizers (with a mean of 48.16 mg/l), poultry (with a mean of 40.70 mg/l) and coated urea (with a mean of 39.88 mg/l) were placed in between them, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant at one percent level. Conclusions In general, application of coated urea (SCU) fertilizer could have a clear effect on reducing nitrate leaching to soil depth, especially in the condition of this research and in comparison with other types of common fertilizers. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Chemical fertilizer, Drainage, Leaching, Nitrate pollution, Sulfur coated urea, poultry manure | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afrous, A.Sh., Liaghat, A., Sotudehnia, A. & Bashlideh, H. (2007). Groundwater pollution by agricultural fertilizers (case study of Qazvin Plain). National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage Network Management, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwvaz, Iran (in Persian). Akhlaghi, K. (2009). Formulation and manufacture of suitable sealant for use in the production process of sulfur coated urea fertilizer. Proceedings of the First Iranian Petrochemical Conference, National Company of Petrochemical Industries, Tehran, Iran (in Persian). Basso, B. & Ritchie, J.T. (2005). Impact of compost, manure and inorganic fertilizer on nitrate leaching and yield for 6-years maize-alfalfa retention in Michigan. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environmant, 108: 329-341. Bayat Varkeshi, M., Zareabyaneh, H. & Mahdavi, Sh. (2017). Effect of Nano fertilizers and urea on yield and nitrogen efficiency in potatoes. Journal of Agrology, 7(1): 81-95. Bubbar, L.I. and Zak, D.R. 1996. Nitrogen losses from agro ecosystem in Costarica: Leaching & denitrification in the presence and absence of shade trees. Journal of Environmental Quality, (24): 227 – 235. Bybordi, M., Malakouti, M.J., Amir-Mokri, H. & Nafisi, M. (2000). Optimum production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in line with sustainable agricultural goals. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Pub. of Agricultural Education (in Persian). Cepuder, P. and Shukla, M.K. (2002). Groundwater nitrate in Austria: A case study in Tullnerfeld. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 64: 301-315. Collure, S., Comtie, R., Robertson, A., Rose, C. and Shdbolt, N. (2002). Human health risks associated with manure (Form http://wvlc.uwaterloo.Ca/ biology447/ Assignment3 Submissions/ 44702ass3/ topic9/ example1). Egyptian Oceanologia, 46(1): 25-44. Fan, X., Li, F. & Kumar, D. (2004). Fertilization with a new type of coated urea; Evaluation for nitrogen efficiency & yield in winter wheat. Plant Nutrition, 25: 853-865. Galloway, J.N., Dentener, F.J., Capone, D.G., Boyer, E.W., Howarth, R.W., Seitzinger, S.P., Clevelan, G.P., Green, C., Holland, P.E., Karl, D.M., Michaels, A.F., Porter, J.H. & Vorosmarty, A. (2004). Nitrogen cycles; past, present & future. Biogeochemistry, 70(2): 153-226. Hashemi-Majd, K. (2005). Soil fertility and fertilizers (an introduction to nutrient management). Aaeizh Pub., Tehran (in Persian). Hassanoghli, A. (2020). Determination of nitrate leaching to soil depth using sugarcane Biochar and slow-release fertilizer. Final Research Report, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Karaj, Iran (in Persian). Hassanoghli, A. (2011). Investigation of mineral and biological contaminants transport caused by organic fertilizers through different soils texture via irrigation. Final Research Report, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Karaj, Iran (in Persian). Heumann, S., Bottcher, J. and Spring, G. (2002). Mineralization parameter of sandy arable soils. Journal of Plant Nutrient, 166 (2): 308 – 318. Kamrani, J. (2013). Investigating of controlled drainage on reducing the amount of drain water and nitrate amount and the yield of corn. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (in Persian). Keshavarz, P. & Malakouti, M.J. (2007). An attitude on soil fertility in Iran. Sana Pub. (in Persian). Kimetu, J.M., Mugendi, D.N., Bationo, A, Palm, C.A., Mutuo, P.K., Kihara, J., Nnaudwa, S. and Giller, K. (2006). Parhul balance of nitrogen in Maize cropping system in humic nitisol. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, (76): 261 - 270. Liu-Feng, Z., Zhang, S., Zhang, J., Iao, Q. & Wang, Y. (2006). Preparation and testing of cementing nano-subnano composites of slower controlled release of fertilizers. Journal of Scientia Agricultura Sinica, (39): 1598-1604. Malakouti, M.J. & Nafisi, M. (1998). The necessity of production and consumption of agricultural sulfur to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Pub. of Agricultural Education, Technical note No. 22 (in Persian). Masoudifar, S. (2013). Chemical modification of lignin with oxalic acid to be used as a coating to produce urea release control fertilizer. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Iran (in Persian). Najafi, S., Mirseyed Hosseini, H. & Alaee, E. (2012). Study of the effect of micronutrient enriched sulfur fertilizer application in a calcareous soil. Journal of Water & Soil, 26(1): 95-101 (in Persian). Nielsen, D.R. and Bigger, J.W. 1960. Miscible displacement in soil, I. Experimental information. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 25(1): 1-5. Peterson, E.W., Davis, R.K., Brahana, J.V. and Orndorff, H.A. 2002. Movement of nitrate through regolith covered karst teraane, northwest Arkansas. Journal of Hydrology. 256(1-2): 35-47. Peyvast, Gh. (2003). Olericulture. Agricultural Sciences Pub., 2nd edition, Tehran (in Persian). Rostamzadeh, A., Golchin, A. & Mohammadi, J. (2014). The effects of different sources and rates of nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency and cucumber yield. Water and Soil Science, 23 (1): 15-26 (in Persian). Shivay, Y.S., Parsad, R. and Pal Shingh, M. 2015. Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Coated Urea on Growth, Yields and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Aromatic Rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(6): 875-882. Siadati Moghadam, M.J. (2005). Groundwater quality model of Mashhad. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Khajeh-Nasir University, Iran (in Persian). Stite, W. and Kraft, G.J. (2000). Groundwater quality beneath irrigated vegetable fields in North-Central US sand plain. Environmental Quality, 29(5):1509-1517. Tajner-Czopek, A., Jarge-Czyszka, M. & Lisinska, G. (2008). Changes in Glycoalkaloids content of potatoes destined for consumption. Food Chemistry, 106 (2): 706 – 711. Varavipour, M. (2005). General geology. Payam-e Noor University Pub. (in Persian). Zare Abyaneh, H. & Bayat Varkeshi, M. (2015). Effects of slow-release fertilizer on nitrate leaching and its distribution in soil profile, N-use effecting and yield in potato crop. Environmental Earth Sciences, (74): 3385-3393. Ziaeyan, A.H. & Keshavarz, P. (2011). Increasing nitrogen use efficiency in potato by application of slow release N- fertilizers. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 25(2): 107-111. Zvomuya, F., Roson, C.J., Russelle, M.P. & Gupta, S.C. (2002). Nitrate leaching & recovery following application of polyolefin coated urea to potato. Jornal of plant Nutrition, 20: 989 – 1001. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,773 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 274 |
||