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جذب عناصر غذایی پر مصرف و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در پایه های بذری درگزی و رویشی پیرودوارف گلابی در شرایط تنش خشکی | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 37، شماره 4، دی 1400، صفحه 489-511 اصل مقاله (1.63 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2022.360009.1274 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب ملکی آسایش1؛ کاظم ارزانی* 1؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی2؛ حمید عبدالهی3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه زراعت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه علوم تحقیقات باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به گسترش استفاده از پایه‌های رویشی و نقش شبکه ریشه‌ای در جذب مواد غذایی بویژه در شرایط تنش خشکی، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی جذب مصرف عناصر غذایی پر مصرف و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در دو پایه تجاری گلابی بذری درگزی و رویشی پیرودوارف در شرایط تنش خشکی در سال‌های 1398 الی 1400 در شرایط گلخانه‌ی تحقیقاتی و آزمایشگاه-های گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران انجام شد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو پایه و سه سطح تنش خشکی، به عنوان دو عامل، و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل، آبیاری بهینه بعنوان شاهد (100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه)، تنش خشکی ملایم (60 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) و تنش خشکی شدید (30 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثر متفاوتی بر خصوصیات رشدی، جذب عناصر پرمصرف در برگ و ریشه و همچنین صفات مربوط به کارایی مصرف نیتروژن هر دو پایه در شرایط تنش خشکی، داشت. کاهش میزان فعالیت آنزیم نیترات‌ردوکتاز منجر به کاهش میزان نیترات و آمونیوم برگ هر دو پایه در شرایط تنش خشکی شد. پایه رویشی پیرودوارف در شرایط تنش ملایم با دارا بودن میزان کلسیم ریشه، نیتروژن کل تجمع یافته و کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن بالاتر، تحمل بیشتری در مقایسه با پایه بذری درگزی نشان داد. در مقابل پایه بذری درگزی با توجه به نسبت ریشه به شاخساره، حجم ریشه، میزان آمونیوم ریشه، میزان کلسیم برگ، میزان نیتروژن برگ، نسبت کارایی نیتروژن و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن بالاتر، واکنش مناسب‌تری به شرایط تنش خشکی به ویژه تنش شدید داشت. این واکنش های متفاوت ممکن است به دلیل تفاوت در شبکه ریشه‌ای پایه‌ها باشد که می‌تواند به انتخاب پایه مناسب برای احداث و مدیریت باغ های تجاری گلابی در شرایط تنش خشکی کمک کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گلابی؛ کلسیم؛ نیترات ردوکتاز؛ شبکه ریشه‌ای؛ عناصر غذایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Macronutrients Uptake and Nitrogen Utlization Efficiency in Dargazi Seedling and Pyrodwarf Clonal Pear Rootstocks Under Drought Stress Conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Z. Maleki Asayesh1؛ K. Arzani1؛ A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli2؛ H. Abdollahi3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Using clonal rootstocks in modern temperate fruit orchards has expanded in recent years. Root system plays an important role in uptake of nutrients particularly under drought-stress conditions. Therefore, the present research was conducted to investigate the uptake and utilization efficiency of macronutrients in two commercial pear rootstocks (Dargazi seedling and Pyrodwarf clonal rootstocks) under drought stress conditions during 2019-21 in greenhouse and laboratories of department of horticultural science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The irrigation treatments were: control (100% FC), mild drought stress (60% FC), and severe drought stress (30% FC). The results showed that drought stress had different effects on the growth characteristics, uptake of nutrients in leaves and roots as well as traits related to nitrogen utilization efficiency of both pear rootstocks. In addition, decrease in nitrate reductase activity led to reduction in nitrate and ammonium content in the leaves of both rootstocks. The Pyrodwarf clonal rootstock under mild stress conditions had the highest root calcium content, total nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen utilization efficiency which reflected in its better performance as compared to the Dargazi seedling rootstock. In contrast, the higher root: shoot ratio, root volume, root ammonium content, leaf calcium content, leaf nitrogen content, nitrogen efficiency ratio and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Dargazi seedling rootstock contributed to its better response to drought stress, particularly in severe stress conditions. These better responses could be attributed to differences in root systems in the two pear rootstocks which should be considered for selecting suitable rootstocks for establishment and management of pear orchards under drought stress conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Pear, calcium, nitrate reductase, root system, nutrients | ||
| مراجع | ||
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