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رابطه عوامل ادافیک با انتشار جوامع گیاهی سازگار در حوزه‌های آبخیز دارای گنبد نمکی | ||
| مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 281-296 اصل مقاله (1.21 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwmse.2022.357758.1959 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احمد ملا احمدی1؛ مرضیه رضایی* 2؛ منصوره شمیلی3 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد، مهندسی منابع طبیعی، مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه مهندسی باغبانی، پژوهشکده هرمز، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه مدیریت صحیح حوضه بر اساس اصول اکولوژیکی است که درک فرایند اکولوژیکی پیش‌نیاز اصلی برنامه‌ریزی منابع طبیعی است. حوضه‌های مجاور دریای عمان و خلیج فارس به‌علت وجود گنبدهای نمکی فراوان، نسبت به سایر حوزه‌های آبخیز کشور از شرایط ویژه‌ای برخوردار هستند. این رخساره‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی بر کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی مناطق تاثیر می‌گذارند و نیازمند تکنیک‌های مدیریتی خاصی هستند. در میان عوامل اکولوژیکی، خاک یکی از عواملی است که نقش مهم و تاثیرگذاری در پراکندگی و تراکم پوشش گیاهی دارد. همبستگی قوی و رابطه نزدیک بین پوشش گیاهی و خاک به گونه‌ای است که تغییر در وضعیت هر یک، تاثیر بسیار قوی بر سایر عملکردهای اکوسیستم خواهد داشت. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات جوامع گیاهی و نقش عوامل خاکی بر این جوامع در این حوضه‌ها، در نواحی رویشی خلیج و عمانی در شهرستان بستک هرمزگان انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها بدین منظور، پس از مشخص نمودن محدوده مورد نظر با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای گوگل ارث و با کنترل زمینی، تیپ‌بندی انجام و سپس نمونه‌برداری‌ها در هر تیپ و بر روی سه ترانسکت 1000 متری و با پلات چهار متر مربعی با فاصله مناسب صورت گرفت. در هر پلات، درصد تاج پوشش، تراکم، ارتفاع و دو قطر عمود بر هم گیاهان غالب اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌منظور بررسی خاک در هر تیپ، تعداد نه پروفیل حفر و از دو عمق صفر تا 45 و 45 تا 90 سانتی‌متری نمونه‌برداری انجام و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. آنالیز آماری توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS و مقایسه میانگین‌ها به روش دانکن و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج و بحث نتایج مقایسه نقشه‌های کاربری نشان می‌دهد که طی دوره 20 ساله 1399-1379، تمامی کاربری‌ها دستخوش تغییرات شدیدی شده است. در این بازه زمانی، مراتع 18.32درصد کاهش داشته که از این میزان 9.85 درصد به اراضی شور و بایر، 0.70 درصد به مناطق دست‌ساز شهری و 5.95 درصد به اراضی کشاورزی تغییر یافته است. نتایج آنالیز ضریب همبستگی بیانگر آن است که پوشش گیاهی با هدایت الکتریکی و میزان سدیم در سطح پنج درصد دارای همبستگی بوده است. ارتفاع گونه‌های گیاهی با درصد رطوبت اشباع و درصد سیلت عمق اول و دوم مرتبط بوده و تراکم گونه‌های گیاهی با عامل‌های هدایت الکتریکی، میزان سدیم، مجموع کلسیم و منیزیم، هر سه مورد در عمق‌های اول و دوم در سطح یک درصد و با رویکرد مثبت و با اسیدیته خاک در هر دو عمق همبستگی نشان داد. نتیجه‌گیری شور شدن خاک و توسعه آن در حوزه‌های آبخیز خشک و نیمه‌خشک یکی از مخاطرات محیط زیست است که در سال‌های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. شهرستان فرامرزان بستک یکی از مناطقی است که شرایط محیطی خشک و نیمه‌خشک و یکی از مخاطرات محیط زیست این حوضه، شور شدن اراضی است. به‌طور کلی، می‌توان بیان کرد که منطقه فرامرزی بستک در نواحی مرتفع با گنبدهای نمکی و در نواحی پایین با رودخانه نمکی به واسطه شوره‌زارهای هرمزگان محدود می‌شود. نوع گونه‌های گیاهی این شوره‌زار با توجه به مرکز شوری متفاوت بوده و این تفاوت در نتیجه ویژگی‌های خاک و سازگاری متفاوت گونه‌ها با سطح شوری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| املاح؛ تیپ‌های گیاهی؛ جناح بستک؛ خاک؛ مدیریت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The relationship between edaphic factors and the spread of compatible plant communities in watersheds with salt dome | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ahmad MolaAhmadi1؛ Marzieh Rezai2؛ Mansoureh Shamili3 | ||
| 1MSc of Natural Resources Engineering, Desert Management and Control, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabass, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabass, Iran | ||
| 3Associated Professor, Department of Horticultural Engineering, Hormoz Research Institute, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabass, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended abstract Introduction Proper watershed management is based on ecological principles, and understanding the ecological process is the main prerequisite for natural resource planning. The watersheds adjacent to the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf have special conditions compared to other watersheds in the country, such that these watersheds have many salt domes. These geomorphological facies affect the quality of underground water in the areas and require special management techniques. Among the ecological factors, soil is one of the factors that play an important and influential role in the distribution and density of vegetation. The strong correlation and close relationship between vegetation and soil are such that a change in the status of each will have a very strong impact on other ecosystem functions. The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in plant communities and the role of soil factors on these communities in these Gulf and Omani vegetation areas in Bastak city of Hormozgan. Materials and methods For this purpose, after determining the desired area, using Google Earth satellite images and ground control, typing was performed and then sampling was done in each type on three transects of 1000 meters with a plot of 4 square meters with a suitable distance. In each plot, canopy percentage, density, height, and two diameters perpendicular to each other of dominant plants were measured. To study the soil, 9 profiles were dug in each type and sampled from two depths of 0 to 45 and 45 to 90 cm and transferred to the laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software and a comparison of means by Duncan method in a randomized complete block design. Results and discussion The results show that during the 20 years of 1379-1399, all land uses have undergone drastic changes. In this period, pastures have decreased by 18.32%, of which 83.50% belong to pastures, 9.85% to saline and barren lands, 0.70% to urban-man-made areas, and 5.95% to agricultural lands. The results of the correlation coefficient analysis indicate that the vegetation parameter was electrically correlated with the amount of sodium at 95% statistical level. The height of plant species is related to the percentage of saturated moisture and the percentage of silt in the first and second depths. Showed a negative correlation with soil acidity at both depths with a negative approach at 95% level. Conclusion Soil salinization and its development in dry and semi-arid fragile watersheds is one of the environmental hazards that has received attention in recent years. Faramarzan city of Bastak is one of the areas that have arid and semi-arid environmental conditions and one of the environmental hazards of this watershed is salinization and salinization of lands. In summary, it can be stated that the trans-border area of Bastak is limited by the salt marshlands of Hormozgan in the high areas with salt domes and in the lower areas with the salty river. The type of plant species in the plant types in this salt marsh was different according to the salinity center, and this difference is the result of the soil charact. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Jenah Bastak, Management, Plant types, Salts, Soil | ||
| مراجع | ||
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