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پراسنجههای جدول زندگی و میزان پارازیتیسم زنبور Trichogramma embryophagum در پرورش انبوه طولانی مدت روی تخمهای شبپرۀ آرد | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 17، شهریور 1400، صفحه 81-97 اصل مقاله (774.64 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2021.127779 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزانه سادات1؛ علیرضا نظری* 2؛ شهریار جعفری3؛ زهرا رفیعی کرهرودی1 | ||
| 1گروه حشره شناسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران | ||
| 2گروه امنیت غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران | ||
| 3گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کیفیت عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک نقش مهمی در موفقیت یک برنامۀ کنترل بیولوژیک دارد. اعتقاد بر این است که پرورش انبوه طولانی مدت این عوامل در محیط بسته روی کیفیت آنها تاثیر دارد. ویژگیهای جدول زندگی و پارازیتیسم زنبورTrichogramma embryophagum (Hartig) طی 32 نسل روی تخمهای Ephestia kuehniella Zeller مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جمعیت اولیۀ زنبور از باغات انار کوهدشت استان لرستان و میزبان آزمایشگاهی از یک انسکتاریوم پرورش حشرات مفید در همدان تهیه و در دمای2±27 درجۀ سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد پرورش داده شدند. دادههای مربوط به طول مراحل مختلف رشدی، بقا، باروری و پارازیتیسم زنبورها در نسلهای 5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 28، 30 و 32 جداگانه، تعیین و از روش جدول زندگی مرحلۀ رشدی-سنی دو جنسی و نرم افزارهای TWOSEX–MSChart programوCONSUME–MSChart برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد طول عمر افراد بالغ ماده تا نسل 15 تفاوت معنیداری ندارد اما با افزایش تعداد نسلها به طور معنیداری کاهش یافته و به 15/7 روز در نسل 30 رسید. بیشترین و کمترین میزان زادآوری زنبور به ترتیب در نسلهای 5 (73/72 تخم) و 32 (64/28 تخم) مشاهده شدند. بیشترین نرخ خالص تولید مثل (R0) نیز در نسلهای 5–15 مشاهده شد. نرخ ذاتی افزایش طبیعی جمعیت (r) نیز در نسلهای 5 تا 15 بهطور معنیداری از سایر نسلها بیشتر بود. مقدار r از 301/0 روز 1– در نسل 5 به 229/0 روز 1– در نسل 32 رسید. میزان نرخ متناهی پارازیتیسم (ω) نیز با افزایش تعداد نسلها کاهش یافت و از 478/0 (میزبان/پارازیتوئید/روز) در نسل 5 به 332/0 (میزبان/پارازیتوئید/ روز) در نسل 32 رسید. براساس یافتههای این تحقیق وجود شرایط پرورش یکنواخت و عدم افزودن افراد وحشی به جمعیت، سبب کاهش کیفیت زنبورهای پرورش یافته پس از نسل 15 شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پرورش انبوه؛ کنترل کیفیت؛ T. embryophagum؛ پارازیتیسم؛ نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Life table parameters and parasitism rate of Trichogramma embryophagum in long–term mass rearing on Ephestia kuehniella eggs | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzaneh Sadat1؛ Alireza Nazari2؛ Shahriar Jafari3؛ Zahra Rafie Karhroudi1 | ||
| 1Department of Entomology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security Research Institute, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The quality of biological control agents has a main role in the success of a biological control program. It is believed that long–term mass rearing in confinement may affect the quality of them. In this study, the life table and parasitism parameters of Trichogramma embryophagum (Hartig) reared on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs was studied for 32 generations (G). The initial population of wasp from the pomegranate orchards of Kuhdasht County (Lorestan Province) and the population of host from an insectary, from Hamadan (Hamadan Province), were prepared and reared at 26°C, RH of 65%. Data on the duration of different developmental stages, survival, fecundity and parasitism in G5, G10, G15, G20, G25, G28, G30 and G32 were determined separately, and were analyzed using age–stage, two–sex life table theory with use of TWOSEX–MSChart and CONSUME–MSChart programs. The adult longevity was not significantly different until the 15th generation, but declined as the generation numbers increased and reached 7.15 days in G30. The highest and lowest fecundities were observed in G5 (72.73 eggs) and G32 (28.64 eggs), respectively. The highest values of net reproductive rate (R0) were seen in G5 to G15. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (r) in G5 to G15 were significantly higher than the other generations. The r value from 0.301 day–1 in G1 reached to 0.229 day–1 in G32. Also the finite rate of parasitism (ω) with increasing the generation numbers declined and from 0.478 host/parasitoid/day in G5 reached to 0.332 host/parasitoid/day in G32. According to the findings of this study, due to the constant rearing conditions and not adding wild individuals with genetic diversity to the population, after the 15th generation, the quality of reared individual’s decreases significantly. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| intrinsic rate of increase, mass rearing, parasitism, quality control, Trichogramma embryophagum | ||
| مراجع | ||
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