1Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
2Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
چکیده
Saffron corm is produced annually in large quantities in Iran. It contains some bioactive components like phenolic and antioxidative compounds. We extracted saffron corm by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction method. The extraction yield and antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging ability, FRAP, and total phenolic compounds (TPC), were determined. To evaluate acute and subchronic toxicity, the extract was administered at three different doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg to BALB/cmale mice. Then, the rate of mortality and biochemical parameters such as LDH, ALT, AST, ALP, TG, cholesterol and creatinine were measured after 24 hours and 60 days respectively. Effect of extract on healthy (HFF) and cancerous cells (MCF-7 & HT-29) was evaluated using MTT assay. Results showed that the 40 min ultrasound-assisted extraction method with the highest extraction yield (0.98%), free radical scavenging inhibition (64.37%), and highest FRAP (643.51 µmolfeII.l-1) and TPC (82.23 mg.ml-1) could be selected as the most active saffron corm extract. According to our animal study after acute and subchronic administration of extract, no significant alteration of the levels of TG, cholesterol, ALP, ALT, AST and creatinine was observed, in mice.Cytotoxicity tests showed that saffron corm extract had no toxic effect on HFF cells, although it had toxic effects on MCF-7 & HT-29 cells. Conclusively, to our data, saffron corm extract had no significant acute and subchronic toxicity on BALB/cmice, and although it had toxic effects on cancer cells no cytotoxicitywas seenon normal fibroblast cells.
Official: Iran accounts for 92% of world saffron output [Accessed 13 October 2019].Available from https://en.irna.ir/news/83001760/Official-Iran-accounts-for-92-of-world-saffron- output/
Esmaeili N., Ebrahimzadeh H., Abdi K., Safarian S. Determination of some phenolic compounds in Crocus sativus L. corms and its antioxidant activities study. Pharmacogn Mag. 2011; 7: 74-80.
Zekovic Z., Pavlic B., Cvetanovic A., Ðurovic S. Supercritical fluid extraction of coriander seeds: Process optimization,chemical profile and antioxidant activity of lipid extracts. Ind Crops Prod .2016; 94: 353–362.
Ersus S, Yurdagel U. Microencapsulation of anthocyanin pigments of black carrot (Daucus carota L.) by spray drier. J. Food Eng. 2007;80: 805-812
Fu Li., Bo-Tao Xu., Xiang-Rong Xu., Ren-You Gan., Yuan Zhang., En-Qin Xia., Hua-Bin Li. Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 62 fruits. Food Chem. 2011; 129: 345-350.
Benzie I.F.F., Strain J.J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘‘Antioxidant Power’’: The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 1996 ;239, 70–76.
Lee E., Wylie E., Metcalf C. Ultrasound imaging features of radial scars of the breast. Australas Radiol. 2007; 51: 240-5.
Albu S., Joyce E., Paniwnyk L., Lorimer J.P., Mason T.J. Potential for the use of Ultrasound in the Extraction of Antioxidants from Rosmarinus officinalis for the Food and Pharmaceutical Industry. Ultrason Sonochem. 2004;11: 261-5.
Heidari Majd M., Mortazavi A., Asili J., Bolurian S., Armin M., Abdolshahi A. Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from Flomideschema parviflorum using ultrasound. Medicinal plants Quarterly. 2012 ;1: 7-13.
Rodrigues S., Pinto G.A., Fernandes F.A. Optimization of ultrasound extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (Cocosnucifera) shell powder by response surface methodology. Ultrason Sonochem. 2008;1: 95-100.
Biesaga M., Pyrzyńska K. Stability of bioactive polyphenols from honey during different extraction methods. Food Chem. 2013 ;136: 46-54.
Ahmadian-Kouchaksaraie Z., Niazmand R., Najaf Najafi M. Optimization of the subcritical water extraction of phenolic antioxidants from Crocus sativus petals of saffron industry residues: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2016; 36: 234-244.
Ma Y.Q., Ye X.Q., Fang Z.X., Chen J.C., Xu GH., Liu D.H.. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from ultrasonic treatment of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) peels. J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 23:5682-90.
Teh S.S., Birch E.J. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of extract from defatted hemp, flax and canola seed cakes. Ultrason Sonochem. 2014; 21: 346-53.
Keyhani E., Sattarahmady N. Catalytic Properties of Three L-Lactate Dehydrogenases from Saffron Corms (Crocus Sativus L.). Mol Biol Rep. 2002; 29: 163-6.
Escribano J., Piqueras A., Medina J.., Rubio A, Alvarez_orti M., Fernandez J.A. Production of a cytotoxic proteoglycan using callus culture of saffron corms (Crocus sativus L.). J. Biotechnol. 1999a ; 73: 53-9.
Escribano J., Rı́os I., Fernández J.A. Isolation and cytotoxic properties of a novel glycoconjugate from corms of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1999b; 1426: 217-22.
Esmaeili N., Ebrahimzadeh H., Abdi K., Mirmasoumi M., Lamei N., Azizi Shamami A. Determination of Metal Content in Crocus sativus L. Corms in Dormancy and Waking Stages. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013; 12: 31-6.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 440
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 667
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب
