| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,081 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,377 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,004,373 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,922,479 |
اثر سطوح نیتروژن و فسفر بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) به تغییر فواصل ردیف کاشت در جیرفت | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 133، بهمن 1400، صفحه 143-119 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2022.355437.1556 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا غربائی طغرکان* 1؛ احمد آئین2؛ غلامرضا افشارمنش3؛ سید محمد علوی سنی4؛ محمد حسن شیرزادی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرفت، ایران | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی باغی،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
| 3دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، ایران | ||
| 4استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، ایران. | ||
| 5استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر سطوح نیتروژن و فسفر بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه گوار در تراکم‌های مختلف کاشت، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جیرفت اجرا شد. نیتروژن در سه سطح (20، 60 و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) از منبع کود اوره و فسفر در دو سطح (صفر و 75 کیلوگرم منبع P2O5 در هکتار) از منبع کود مونو پتاسیم فسفات و فواصل ردیف کاشت در سه سطح (30، 45 و 60 سانتی‌متر) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد، نیتروژن، فسفر و تراکم کاشت بر روی تمام صفات اثر معنی‌داری داشت. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار کاربرد 60 و 75کیلوگرم به‌ترتیب نیتروژن و فسفر به‌همراه رعایت فاصله ردیف کاشت 45سانتی‌متر به‌میزان 4250کیلوگرم در هکتار که نسبت به تیمار کاربرد 20 و صفرکیلوگرم به‌ترتیب نیتروژن و فسفر به‌همراه رعایت فاصله ردیف کاشت 60سانتی‌متر به‌میزان 42 درصد عملکرد افزایش یافت. بنابراین کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر و فواصل ردیف کاشت 45 سانتی متر، شرایط مطلوبی جهت تولید عملکرد حداکثری ایجاد خواهد کرد که در شرایط اقلیمی جنوب کرمان و مناطق مشابه، مناسب خواهد بود و گوار می تواند به عنوان یک گیاه کم توقع از نظر مصرف آب در برنامه الگوی کاشت گیاهان کم آب قرار گیرد | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اوره؛ تراکم کاشت؛ تعداد شاخه فرعی و عملکرد دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Growth and Yield of Guar Plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) to Changing Planting Rows Spacing in Jiroft | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra ghorabaei toghrekan1؛ Ahmad Aien2؛ Gholamreza Afsharmanesh3؛ Seyed Mohammad Alavi seni4؛ mohammad hassan Shirzadi5 | ||
| 1PhD Student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Faculty of Agriculcure , Islamic Azad university of jiroft branch, Iran | ||
| 2Facualty member of Horticulture Crops Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, south of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Professor, south of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran | ||
| 5Associate Professor, south of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Cluster bean with the English name of Cluster bean and the scientific name of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. is an annual and summer plant of the legume family that has a high drought tolerance and is a suitable product for hot and semi-arid regions (Ashraf et al, 2005). Based on their results on guar gum, the researchers showed that the highest grain yield and biological yield were obtained at a row spacing of 45 cm (Jagtap et al., 2011). Determining the desired row spacing in the field as one of the important agricultural activities has an effective role in how light is distributed in vegetation as well as intra-plant competition. Due to the geographical location and climatic conditions of Jiroft, which is one of the hot and dry regions of the country, it is necessary to identify and cultivate plants that are specific to these regions in accordance with the existing conditions, So Guar as food, industrial, fodder products. And the drug can be included in the summer cultivation pattern. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of this plant at different planting row spacing and achieve the best treatments (such as planting row spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus) in southern Kerman province (Jiroft region). Materials and Methods: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on growth and yield of guar gum at different planting densities, as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping years 2019-2020 and 2020- 2021 in the Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources of Jiroft. Nitrogen at three levels (20, 60 and 100 kg/ha pure nitrogen) from urea and phosphorus fertilizer source at two levels (zero and 75 kg/ha P2O5 source) from mono potassium phosphate fertilizer source and row spacing at three levels (30, 45 and 60 cm) were considered.Measurement traits in this study included: plant height, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of branch, 1000-seed weight, pod length and seed yield. Data were collected and normalized and then analyzed using SAS software and the means were compared with LSD test. EXCEL software was used to draw the relevant shapes. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen, phosphorus and spacing between rows had a significant effect on all studied characteristics in terms of number of branch and pod length. The highest seed yield from 60 and 75 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, with observance of 45 cm row spacing at 4250 kg/ha, and the lowest seed yield of treatment were 20 and 0 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively observance of row spacing of 60 cm at 1800 kg/ha. According to the results, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels have little effect on seed yield and yield is mainly affected by row spacing, so high nitrogen and phosphorus levels are not necessary (Patel et al., 2002). Conclusion: The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen, phosphorus and spacing between rows had a significant effect on all studied characteristics in terms of number of branch and pod length. The highest seed yield from 60 and 75 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, with observance of 45 cm row spacing at 4250 kg/ha, which compared to 20 and 0 kg application of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively observance of row spacing of 60 cm increased by 42.Therefore, application of 60 kg/ha nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus and planting distances of 45cm will create favorable conditions for maximum yield, which will be suitable in the climatic conditions of southern Kerman and similar areas, and guar can a low-water plant, in terms of water consumption, it should be included in the planting pattern of low-water plants. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Urea, Planting density, Branches number in plant and Seed yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abayomi, Y.A., Ajibade, T.V., Samuel, O.F., and Saadudeen, B.F. 2008. Growth and yield responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes to nitrogen fertilizer (NPK) application in the southem guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 7:170-176. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3923/ajps.2008.170.176. Ahmadi, M., and Bohrani, M.J. 2009. Effect of different amount of nitrogen on yield and yield components and seed oil content in bushehr regain. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 48(13):123-131. (In Persian with English Summary). Amiri, E., and Abdzad Gohari, A. 2015. Effect of irrigation management and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency and estimated yield function of common bean (Case Study: Astaneh Ashrafiyeh). Water Management in Agricultural, 2(2): 1–10. (In Persian with English Summary). Ashraf, M.Y., Akhtar, K., Sarwar, G., and Ashraf, M. 2005. Role of the rooting system in salt tolerance potential of different guar accessions. Agronomy Sustain Development, 25:243–249. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1051/agro: 2005019. Ayub, M., Khalid, M., Tariq, M., Nadeem, M.A., and Naeem, M. 2011. Effect of different seeding densities and nitrogen levels on growth, forage yield and quality attributes of Cluster bean (Cyamoposis tetragonoloba Tuab.). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 7(5): 1409-1416. B-108:35. Bakry, B.A., Elewa, T.A., El-Karamany, M.F., Zeidan, M.S., and Tawfik, M.M. 2011. Effect of row spacing on yield and its components of some bean varieties under newly reclaimed sand soil condition. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 7: 68-72. Bairagi, S.K., 2014. Efeect of different doses of phosphorus and row spacing on the yield and quality of fenugreek seed. The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 9(2): 338-341. Behera, U.K., Chougule, B.A., Thakur, R.S., Ruwali, K.N., Bhawsar, R.C., and Pandey, H.N. 2000. Influence of planting dates and nitrogen levels on yield and quality of durum wheat. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 70:434-436. Das Suthar, J., Rajpar, I., Ganjegunte, G.K., and Shah, Z. 2018. Evaluation of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes performance under different irrigation water salinity levels: Growth parameters and seed yield. Industrial Crops and Products, 123: 247-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.084. Deka, K., Milu, K., Das, R., Bora, P., and Mazumder, N. 2015. Effect of sowing dates and spacing on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in subtropical climate of Assam, India. Indian Journal of Agriculture Research, 49(3): 250-254. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5958/0976-058X.2015.00039.6. Devnarain, N., Crampton, B.G., Chikwamba, R., Becker, J.V.W., and O’Kennedy, M.M. 2016. Physiological responses of selected African sorghum landraces to progressive water stress and re-watering. South African Journal of Botany, 103: 61–69. Eskandari Torbaghan, M., and Eskandari Torbaghan, M. 2015. Effects of amount of seed on yield and some other traits of canola in spring cropping under rainfed conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 8(2): 149-158. Gendy, A.S.H., Said-Ahl, H.A.H., Mahmoud, A.A.., and Mohamed, H.F.Y. 2013. Effect of nitrogen sources, bio-fertilizers and their interaction on the growth, seed yield and chemical composition of guar plants. Journal of Life Science, 10(3): 389-402. Ghulam Nabi, A. 2013. Cluster bean (guar) cultivation in Pakistan. Agronomy center pivot irrigation system valley irrigation Pakistan (private) limited. Ghorbani Gilanieh, H., and Ashouri, M. 2018. The effect of planting density and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of beans in Rudsar city. Journal of Crop Production, 11(1): 73-84. (In Persian with English Summary). Hamed Labafian, A. 1995. Effects of planting row spacing and plant density on growth indices, yield and grain yield components of white bean Experimental line 1185. Master Thesis in Agriculture. Isfahan University of Technology. 110 pages. (In Persian with English Summary). Heidarzadeh, A., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M., and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. 2020. Effect of nitrogen on some quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 51(3): 705-717. (In Persian with English Summary). Jagtap, D.N., Waghule, L.D., and Bhale, V.M. 2011. Effect of sowing time, row spacing and seed rate on production potential of cluster bean. Advnace Research Journal of Crop Improvement, 2(1): 27-30. Karche, R.P., Dalwadi, M.R., Patel, J.C., Galkwad.V.P., and Panchal, D.B. 2012. Influence of phosphorus and sulphur on yield and nutrient uptake by summer cluster bean grown on typic ustochrept of Anand. Asian Journal of Soil Science, 7(2): 239-241. Khajehpour, M.R. 2009. Principles and bases of Agriculture. Isfahan University of Technology Publications. 631 pages. (In Persian with English Summary). Khalid, M. 2004. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and seeding density on fodder yield and quality of cluster bean. M.Sc. Thesis, Dept. Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad of Pakistan. Khan, N., Jan, A., Khan, I.I.A., and Khan, N. 2002. Response of canola to nitrogen and sulphur nutrition. Asian Journal Plant Science, 1: 516-518. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3923/ajps.2002. 516.518. Khan, R.M., and Qyreshi, A.S. 2001. Path coefficient and correlation analysis on the variation induced by gamma irradiation in three genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Biological Science, 1(3):108-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.108.110. Kumawat, P.D., Yadav, G.L., Singh, M., and Ja, B.L. 2006. Effect of varieties and fertilizer levels on yield attributes of cluster bean. Agricultural of Science .Digestive, 26:63-64. Lakshmi Kalyani, D. 2012. Performance of cluster bean genotypes under varied time of sowing. Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 35(2): 154-158. Lal Hussain, A., Bukhari, S.H., Salah-ud-Din, S., and Minhas, R. 2012. Response of new guar strains to various row spacings. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 49(4):469-471. Lone, B.A., Hasan, B., Singh, A., Haq, S.A., and Sofi, N.R. 2009. Effects of seed rate, row spacing and fertility levels on yield attributes and yield of soybean under temperate conditions. ARPN journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 4 (2): 19- 25. Mahla, H.R., Sharma, R., Kumar, S., and Gaikwad, K.2020. Independent segregation of qualitative traits and estimation of genetic parameters and gene action for some quantitative traits in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Indian Journal Genetic, 80 (2): 186-193. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.31742/IJGPB.80.2.9. Mahmood, A., Iqbal, M.A.M., and Saleem, M.I. 1988. Growth and yield of three guar cultivars as influenced by different row spacing. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Research, 9:168-170. Meftahizadeh, H., and Asareh, M.H. 2021. Evaluation of plant density and nitrogen on phonological characteristics, photosynthesis capacity and qualitative traits of guar landrace (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 52 (2): 329-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2020. 287878.1703. Mendepour, S., Lak, S.H., and Sharafizadeh, M. 2015. The effect of planting date and plant density on phonological characteristics, yield and yield components of hybrid corn Karun 701 in Khuzestan. Crop Physiology Journal, 6(24): 320-328. (In Persian with English Summary). Menna, K.R., Dahama, A.K., and Reager, M. L. 2006. Effect of phosphorus and zinc fertilization on growth and quality of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. taub). Annomy Agriculture Research, 27(3):224-226. Mental, R.S., and Patel, B.S. 2011. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on yield and profitability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Madras Agricultural Journal, 98 (4-6):154-157. Modaihsh, A.S., Taha, A.A., and Mahjoub, M.O. 2007. Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and irrigation intervals on guar crop under calcareous soil. Journal of Agricultural Science of Mansoura Unversityi, 32 (11): 4031-4039. Mtaita, T., and Mutetwa, M. 2014. Effects of plant density and planting arrangement in green bean seed production. Journal of Global Innovation Agricultural Society Science, 2(4): 152-157. Nandini, K.M., Sridhara, S., Patil, S., and Kumar, K.2017. Effect of planting density and different genotypes on growth, yield and quality of guar. International of Journal of Pure Application Bioscience, 5(1): 320-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2499. Noori, S.H., Kashani, A., Nabipour, M., and Mamghani, R. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of faba bean cultivars in Ahvaz climatic conditions. Proceeding of the 1st Iranian Pulses Symposium. Nov. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Pp: 419-422. (In Persian with English Summary). Patel, P.L., Pathak, A.R., and Patel, K.M. 2002. Correlated response in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.Tuab.). Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 2(2):189-190. Rao, K.S., Moorthy, B.T.S., Dash, A.B., and Lodh, S.B. 1996. Effect of time of transplanting on seed yield and quality traits of Basmati- Type seented rice (Oriza sativa) varieties in Coastal Orissa. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 66(6): 333-337. Sajid, M., Ahmed, I., and Rab, A. 2009. Effect of nitrogen levels on the yield component of guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Journal of American Eurasian of Sustain Agriculture, 3(1):29-32. Salehi, F. 2014. Effect of plant density on seed yield and its components in new red bean lines. Agriculture Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 103: 23-28. (In Persian with English Summary). Saxena, N.P. 1984. The chickpea. In Physiology of tropical field crops. (Goldsworthy, P.R. and Fisher, N.M., Eds.) Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley and Sons. Pages 419-452. Safikhani, F., Heidarie-Shrifabad, H., Siadat, A., and Abaszadeh, B. 2007. Effect of drought on yield andmorphological traits of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(3): 183-194. (In Persian with English abstract). Shakeri, E., Amini Dehghan, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., and Modares Snavi, S. 2012. Effect of chemical fertilizer and bio fertilizer on seed yield, its components, oil and protein percent in sesame varieties. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 22(1):72-85. (In Persian with English Summary). Sharma, S., Sharma, Y., and Balai, C.M. 2014. Yield attributes and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.) under different levels of phosphorus, molybdenum and inoculation of PSB. Agriculture Update, 9(3): 301-305. Sheikh, A.A. 2004. Effect of irrigation intervals, nitrogen and phosphorus application on forage yield, carbohydrates and protein contents of guar in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 11: 3-9. Shirtliffe, S.J., and Johnston, A.M. 2002. Yield density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeding dry bean grown in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82: 521-529. https://doi.org/10.4141/P01-156. Sij, J.W., Ott, J.P., Baughman, T.A., and Olosn, B.L.S. 2002. Simulated hail damage on guar at different stages of growth. Annual Report Texas University. USA. Singla, S., Grover, K., Angadi, S., Begna, S., Schutte, B., and Leeuwen, D. 2016. Growth and yield of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes under different planting dates in the semi-arid southern high plains. American Journal of Plant Sciences.7: 1246-1258. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4236/ajps.2016. 78120. Stefan, S., Craig, E.A., and Michael, H.D. 2004. Forage soybean yield and quality responses to plant density and row distance. Agronomy Journal, 96: 966-970. https://doi.org/10.2134/ AGRONJ2004. 0966. Torbatinejad, N.M., Chaichi, M.R., and Sharifi, S. 2002. Effect of nitrogen level on yield and yield components of three forage sorghum cultivars in Gorgan. Journal of Agricultural Science of Natural Recearch, 9(2): 205-220. Wilox, J.R. 1974. Response of three soybean strains to equidistant spacing. Agronomy Journal, 66:409-412. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600030022x. Xiao, S., Chen. S., Zhao, L., and Wang, G. 2006. Density effects on plant height growth and Zubair, M.A. 2009. Effect of different applications of nitrogen on growth, forage yield and quality of three cluster been cultivars. MSc. Thesis. Deportment of Agronomy University Agriculture of Faisalabad, Pakistan. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 723 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 592 |
||