| The poultry industry is one of the pillars of food security in the world, as it is relied upon to provide meat and eggs to meet the increasing food demands. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of L-carnitine and methionine supplementation to the standard diets of broiler chickens in productive performance of broiler (Ross 308). One Hundred- fifty broiler chicks unsexed (Ross 308) with an initial weight with 43 g, were obtained from Al-Habbaniya hatchery (commercial hatchery). All the animals were within an average weight of 40 g (one-day old chicks). The experimental groups were as follows: the animals in T1 group received basal diet without any addition, the animals in T1 group received basal diet supplemented with lead acetate 400 mg/kg feed , the animals in T3 group received diet supplemented with carnitine 300 mg + lead acetate 400 mg, the animals in T4 group received basal diet supplemented with methionine 100 mg + lead acetate 400 mg, the animals in T5 group received basal diet supplemented with methionine 100 mg + carnitine 300 mg + lead acetate 400 mg. Body weight gain and feed consumption were weekly recorded. Feed conversion ratio was also calculated. Results showed that Birds in (T5) fed diets with (carnitine + methionine) observed highest live body weights comparison with T3 (carnitine + lead acetate) and T4 (adding methionine+ lead acetate). Data of results showed no significant differences were recorded in body weight gain. Also, Results obtained increase with feed consumption for treatment T5, while birds in T1 and T4 recorded lowest means in feed consumed. However, birds in T4 and T5 observed best feed conversion ratio as compare with T1, T2 and T3. Therefore, it can conclude that addition carnitine and methionine enhanced broiler productive performance. |
- Iiasa F. Global agro-ecological zones (gaez v3. 0). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria and FAO, Rome, Italy. 2012.
- Rebouche CJ. Carnitine function and requirements during the life cycle. FASEB J. 1992;6(15):3379-86.
- Farhan OM, Mousa B, AlHamdani AA. EFFECTS OF DIETARY L-CARNITINE TO DIETS WITH DIFFERENT FAT SOURCES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER. Plant Arch. 2019;19(2):4409-14.
- Zhai W, Neuman S, Latour M, Hester P. The effect of in ovo injection of L-carnitine on hatchability of white leghorns. Poult Sci. 2008;87(3):569-72.
- Arslan C. L-Carnitine and its use as a feed additive in poultry feeding: a review. Rev Med Vet. 2006;157:134-42.
- Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Bautista M, et al. Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(40):14787.
- Puvadolpirod S, Thaxton J. Model of physiological stress in chickens 3. Temporal patterns of response. Poult Sci. 2000;79(3):377-82.
- Council NR. Nutrient requirements of poultry: 1994: National Academies Press; 1994.
- Cary N. Statistical analysis system, User's guide. Statistical. Version 9. SAS Inst Inc USA. 2012.
- Duncan DB. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 1955;11(1):1-42.
- Parsaeimehr K, Farhoomand P, Najafi R. The effects of l-carnitine with animal fat on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. Ann Biol Res. 2012;3(7):3663-6.
- Ardekani HM, Shevazad M, Chamani M, Aminafshar M, Arani ED. The effect of L-carnitine and low crude protein supplemented with crystalline essential amino acids diets on broiler chickens. Ann Biol Res. 2012;3(2):1085-93.
- JaAnn Biol Resali S, Rabiei R, Kheiri F. Effects of dietary soybean and sunflower oils with and without L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Arch Anim Breed. 2015;58(2):387-94.
- El-Wahab A, Aziza A, El-Adl M. Impact of dietary excess methionine and lysine with or without addition of L-carnitine on performance, blood lipid profile and litter quality in broilers. Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 2015;10(5):191-202.
- Murali P, George S, Ally K, Dipu M. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and nitrogen balance of broilers fed with animal fat. Vet World. 2015;8(4):482.
- Abd El-Azeem NA, Abdo MS, Madkour M, El-Wardany I. Physiological and histological responses of broiler chicks to in ovo injection with folic acid or l-carnitine during embryogenesis. Growth. 2014;3:4.
- Kita K, Kato S, Yaman MA, Okumura J, Yokota H. Dietary L-carnitine increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in chicks fed a diet with adequate dietary protein level. Br Poult Sci. 2002;43(1):117-21.
- Lien T, Horng Y. The effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcase traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid β-oxidation of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci. 2001;42(1):92-5.
- Arslan C, Tufan T. Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and L-carnitine individually or concurrent supplementation for diets on growth performance, carcass traits and serum composition of broiler chickens. Rev Med Vet. 2018;169(4/6):130-7.
- Wang Y, Yin X, Yin D, Lei Z, Mahmood T, Yuan J. Antioxidant response and bioavailability of methionine hydroxy analog relative to DL-methionine in broiler chickens. Anim Nutr. 2019;5(3):241-7.
- Jankowski J, Ognik K, Kubińska M, Czech A, Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z. The effect of DL-, L-isomers and DL-hydroxy analog administered at 2 levels as dietary sources of methionine on the metabolic and antioxidant parameters and growth performance of turkeys. Poult Sci. 2017;96(9):3229-38.
- Xie M, Hou S, Huang W, Fan H. Effect of excess methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue on growth performance and plasma homocysteine of growing Pekin ducks. Poult Sci. 2007;86(9):1995-9.
- Tyagi N, Moshal KS, Sen U, Vacek TP, Kumar M, Hughes Jr WM, et al. H2S protects against methionine–induced oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009;11(1):25-33.
- Fukuda M, Kawabe M, Takehara M, Iwano S, Kuwabara K, Kikuchi C, et al. Carnitine deficiency: Risk factors and incidence in children with epilepsy. Brain Dev. 2015;37(8):790-6.
- Carroll MC, Cote E. Carnitine: a review. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 2001;23(1):45-52.
- Lettner V. Use of L-carnitine in the broiler ration. Bodenkultur. 1992;43:161-7.
- Si J, Fritts C, Waldroup P, Burnham D. Effects of excess methionine from meeting needs for total sulfur amino acids on utilization of diets low in crude protein by broiler chicks. J Appl Poult Res. 2004;13(4):579-87.
- Gülçin İ. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine. Life Sci. 2006;78(8):803-11.
- Lee B-J, Lin J-S, Lin Y-C, Lin P-T. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr J. 2014;13(1):1-7.
|
