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ارزیابی پاسخ برخی ارقام جدید سیب‌زمینی به کشت‌های پاییزی و زمستانی در مناطق گرمسیری جنوب استان کرمان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 133، بهمن 1400، صفحه 56-31 اصل مقاله (731.9 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2022.356697.1575 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی جهان نجاتی1؛ احمد آئین* 2؛ محمد حسن شیرزادی3؛ غلامرضا افشارمنش4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد جیرفت | ||
| 2رئیس و استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب کرمان | ||
| 3استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرفت | ||
| 4دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاوورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به‌منظور معرفی ارقام جدید سازگار با کاشت در پاییز و زمستان در مناطق گرمسیر جنوب استان کرمان انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار به‌مدت دو سال زراعی اجرا شد. فصل کشت در دو سطح (پاییز و زمستان) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و ارقام سیب‌زمینی در 10 سطح شامل کنکوردیا، اوتاوا، جورجینا، ریبرا، کرونادا، کولومبا، سیلوانا، چلنجر، آتوسا و سانته به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میانگین وزن غده قابل فروش در بوته از رقم کولومبا در کشت پاییزی سال اول و رقم اتاوا در کشت زمستانی در هر دو سال حاصل شد. کمترین درصد وزنی غده‌های غیر‌قابل فروش مربوط به رقم کولومبا در کشت پاییزی سال اول و کشت زمستانی سال دوم بود. وزن غده قابل فروش در بوته، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد بیولوژیک در هردو سال آزمایش، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با عملکرد قابل فروش داشتند. ارقام کولومبا، اتاوا و سانته در کشت پاییزی سال اول به ترتیب با عملکرد قابل فروش 23/44، 19/44 و 94/42 تن در هکتار و در سال دوم با 35/42، 65/40 و 37/40 تن در هکتار برتر از سایر ارقام بودند. هم‌چنین در کشت زمستانی ارقام اتاوا و کولومبا با تولید 1/46 و 36/42 تن در هکتار در سال اول و 4/48 و 02/43 تن در هکتار در سال دوم، برتر بودند. بنابراین ارقام کولومبا، اتاوا و سانته برای کاشت پاییزی و ارقام اتاوا و کولومبا برای کشت زمستانی در مناطق گرمسیر جنوب کرمان، توصیه می‌شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ عملکرد قابل فروش؛ فصل کشت؛ ماده خشک غده | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of some new potato cultivars response to autumn and winter cultivation seasons in tropical regions of southern Kerman province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehdi Jahannejati1؛ Ahmad Aien2؛ Mohamad Hasan Shirzadi3؛ Gholamreza Afsharmanesh4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student of Agronomy, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University | ||
| 4Associate Professor ,South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. AREEO, Jiroft,. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract: Intrduction: Potato production in tropical and subtropical regions of Iran is always associated with high temperatures in bulking stage in winter cultivation and also low temperatures in bulking stage in autumn cultivation. One of the most important strategies to mitigation these chalenges is to identify and introduce compatible cultivars from early to mid-early maturity groups and determine the effects of cultivation seasons on cultivars, which is the subject of this study. Materials and Methods: in order to introduce new compatible cultivars with the autumn and winter cultivation season, this study was performed as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. In this study, cultivation season at two levels (autumn and winter cultivation) was considered as the main factor and cultivars at 10 levels including Concordia, Ottawa, Georgina, Ribera, Coronada, Colomba, Sylvana, Challenger, Atosa and Sante) were considered as sub-factor. The measured traits included the average number of tubers per plant and mean tuber weight per plant by marketable and non-marketable, weight percentage of non-marketable tubers, marketable yield, tuber dry matter content, dry weight of plant organs separately (haulm and tubers), biological yield and harvest index. Results and discussion: The response of the studied cultivars to autumn and winter cultivation seasons was very different. The highest tuber weight per plant was obtained from Colomba cultivar in autumn cultivation of first year and Ottawa cultivar in winter cultivation in both years. The lowest weight percentage of non-marketable tubers belonged to Colombus cultivar in autumn cultivation of the first year and winter cultivation of the second year, but the highest weight percentage of non-marketable tubers related to Georgina and Ribera cultivars in winter cultivation in both years and Challenger cultivar in autumn cultivation of second year. Sante, Challenger, Atosa and Ottawa cultivars in autumn cultivation and Challenger, Sante and Atosa cultivars in winter cultivation had the highest tuber dry matter content. Production and quality of potato tubers are affected by several factors, including cultivar and temperature stresses (Aien et al., 2017). The highest harvest index (78.4%) was obtained from Colomba cultivar in autumn cultivation. Georgina, Coronada and Atosa cultivars produced the highest haulm dry weight in winter cultivation. In the present study, plants in the winter cultivation in the first year from the beginning of the bulking stage and in the second year from the middle of the bulking stage were exposed to high temperatures. High temperatures reduce the production of assimilates in potatoes and decline the partitioning of assimilates to the tubers and increase their movement towards the haulm (Aien et al., 2017; Lizana et al.,2017). Marketable tuber weight per plant, harvest index, biological yield in both years and tuber dry matter percentage in the first year had a positive and significant correlation with marketable yield. However, the correlation between the number and weight of non-marketable tubers per plant, weight percentage of non-marketable tubers and haulm dry weight with marketable yield was negative and significant. Colomba, Ottawa and Sante cultivars in the first year of autumn cultivation with marketable yields of 44.23, 44.19 and 42.94 tons/ha, respectively, and in the second year by 42.35, 40.65 and 40.37 tons/ha, were superior than other cultivars. Also in winter cultivation, Ottawa and Colomba cultivars were superior with production of 46.1 and 42.36 tons/ha in the first year and by 48.4 and 43.02 tons/ha in the second year. Therefore, Colomba, Ottawa and Sante cultivars are recommended for autumn cultivation and Ottawa and Colomba cultivars for winter cultivation in the tropical regions of south of Kerman. Keywords: biological yield, Harvest index, marketable yield, season cultivation and tuber dry matter content. References 1. Aien, A., Chaturvedi, A.K., Bahuguna, R.N., and Pal, M. 2017. Phenological sensitivity to high temperature stress determines dry matter partitioning and yield in potato. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22 (1):63-69. 2. Lizana, X.C., Avila, A., Tolaba, A., Martinezc, J.P. 2017. Field responses of potato to increased temperature during tuberbulking: Projection for climate change scenarios, at high-yieldenvironments of Southern Chile. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 239: 192–201. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biological yield, Harvest index, Marketable yield, Season cultivation, Tuber dry matter content | ||
| مراجع | ||
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