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تحلیل روند عوامل موثر بر گرد و غبار هندیجان با رویکرد چارچوب پیشران-فشار-وضعیت-اثر-پاسخ | ||
| مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 297-313 اصل مقاله (1.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwmse.2022.358141.1966 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدجعفر سلطانی1؛ بهارک معتمدوزیری* 2؛ علی اکبر نوروزی3؛ حسن احمدی4؛ جمال مصفایی5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استاد، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 5دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه پدیده گرد و غبار، از حوادث طبیعی است که به‌صورت وسیعی در سطح جهان به‌خصوص در مناطق خشک رخ می‌دهد. از عوامل اصلی و موثر در رخداد این پدیده، موقعیت جغرافیایی و شرایط اقلیمی مناطق تحت تاثیر آن است. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل روابط علت و معلولی رویدادهای گرد و غبار در منطقه هندیجان با رویکرد چارچوب پیشران-فشار-وضعیت-اثر-پاسخ (DPSIR) است. مواد و روش‌ها فرایندDPSIR ، تحلیلی مبتنی بر رابطه علت-معلولی عوامل، برای سیاستگذاری و برنامه‌ریزی مدیریتی است. چارچوب DPSIR یک چارچوب تفکر سیستمی است که فرض می‌کند، رابطه‌های علت و معلولی بین سیستم‌های محیطی و اقتصادی-اجتماعی وجود دارد. این چارچوب مفهومی، چرخه‌ای از دلایل و نتایج را برای تلفیق مناسب داده‌ها و اطلاعات پایه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیط‌زیستی به‌کار می‌گیرد و ارتباط فرایندهای محیط زیست را با عوامل انسانی مشخص ساخته و همچنین، منجر به درک ارتباط سطوح سیاستگذاری و مطالعات محیط زیست می‌شود. در این پژوهش، روند هر مولفه DPSIR نیز با اعمال معیارهای کمی برای دوره زمانی 2019-2007 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که شاخص کل همه مؤلفه‌های DPSIR، برای دوره مورد مطالعه روند صعودی دارند. شیب روند مربوط به مولفه‌های D، P، S، I و R به‌ترتیب برابر با 0.06، 0.03، 0.02، 0.05 و 0.02 بوده است. اگرچه برخی از پاسخ‌های انجام شده برای کاهش تاثیر سایر مؤلفه‌های DPSIR در جهت بهبود وضعیت گرد و غبار اتخاذ شده‌اند، ولی نتایج تحقیق و روند تغییرات نشان می‌دهند که کافی و یکپارچه نبوده‌اند. همچنین، در این پژوهش، انواع پاسخ‌های مربوط به مولفه‌های نیروی محرکه، فشار، وضعیت و اثرات شناسایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت گرد و غبار و روزهای غبارآلود منطقه در طول دوره مطالعه افزایش یافته و توجه بیشتری به پاسخ‌های واکنشی و تمرکز کمتری بر پاسخ‌های پیشگیرانه شده است. همچنین، توجه به پاسخ بالا بردن راندمان آبیاری به‌دلیل همبستگی زیاد بین وضعیت غلظت گرد و غبار و عوامل فشار از جمله میزان بارندگی، رطوبت خاک و بهره‌برداری از منابع آب در منطقه پژوهش، ضروری است. توجه ویژه به توسعه سامانه‌های استحصال آب به‌عنوان یکی از مهمترین پاسخ‌های مدیریتی به‌دلیل وجود همبستگی منفی و زیاد با وضعیت گرد و غبار در طول سال‌های پژوهش و تامین مناسب و پایدار منابع آبی با کاهش و به حداقل رساندن سدهای انحرافی پاییندست سدهای کوثر و آسک، به‌دلیل افزایش غلظت گرد و غبار با افزایش عملیات انحراف سیلاب و احداث سدهای مخزنی و انحرافی از سال 1389، اهمیت دارد. در نظر گرفتن حقابه تالاب‌ها در منطقه با هدف جلوگیری از خشک شدن تالاب‌ها و ایجاد کانون گرد و غبار به‌ویژه در غرب شهرستان هندیجان و دقت در انتخاب گونه گیاهی مناسب و همچنین، انجام عملیات بیابان‌زدایی (کاشت نهال، مالچ‌پاشی، احداث بادشکن) سازگار با شرایط اکولوژیکی منطقه به‌دلیل همبستگی منفی بین عملیات بیابان‌زدایی و کاهش غلظت گرد و غبار از سال 1394 میتواند به بهبود وضعیت گرد و غبار در منطقه تحقیق کمک نماید. نتیجه‌گیری در این راستا، توصیه می‌شود به نیروهای محرک (D) و فشارها (P) پاسخ داده شود، تا ضمن بهبود شرایط و اثرات نامطلوب ناشی از آن، پیشران‌ها و فشارهای ایجادکننده وضعیت فعلی نیز قابل‌کنترل باشند. بر این اساس، اجرای ناقص پاسخ‌ها، دلیل دیگری برای عدم دستیابی به اهداف مدیریتی و نامطلوب‌تر شدن وضعیت و تعداد روزهای غبارآلود است. همچنین، اجرای برنامه یکپارچه مدیریت حوزه آبخیز در شهرستان هندیجان از طریق تدوین برنامه مشترک آب، کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی در بالادست حوزه آبخیز به‌منظور تبیین اقدامات موثر زنجیره تولید، توزیع و مصرف آب پیشنهاد می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تحلیل علت و معلولی؛ چارچوب DPSIR؛ روند تغییرات؛ فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی؛ مدیریت جامع آبخیز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Trend assessment of factors affecting Hendijan dust storms using driving forces-pressure-state-impact-response framework | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Jafar Soltani1؛ Baharak Motamedvaziri2؛ aliakbar noroozi3؛ Hassan Ahmadi4؛ Jamal Mosaffaei5 | ||
| 1PhD Student, Department of Forest, Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Forest, Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran | ||
| 4Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 5Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended abstract Introduction Dust event is one of the natural events that occur widely in the world, especially in dry areas. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic conditions of the regions affected by this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships of dust events in Hendijan region with the approach of the Driver-Pressure-Situation-Effect-Response (DPSIR) framework. Materials and methods The DPSIR process is an analysis based on the "cause-disability" relationship of factors for policy-making and management planning. The DPSIR framework is a systems thinking framework that assumes cause-and-effect relationships between environmental and socio-economic systems. This conceptual framework uses a cycle of causes and results for the proper integration of basic economic, social and environmental data and information, specifies the relationship between environmental processes and human factors, and also leads to an understanding of the relationship between policy levels and environmental studies. The trend of each component of DPSIR was also evaluated by applying quantitative criteria for the time period of 2007-2019. Results and discussion The results of the research showed that the total index of all DPSIR components has an upward trend for the studied period. The slope of the trend related to D, P, S, I and R components was equal to 0.06, 0.03, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. Although some responses were made to reduce the influence of others. The components of DPSIR have been adopted to improve the dust situation, but the research results and the process of changes showed that they were not sufficient and integrated. In this research, a variety of answers related to the components of the driving force, pressure, situation, and effects were identified. The results showed that dust concentration and dusty days in the region increased during the study period and more attention was paid to reactive responses and less focus on preventive responses. Also, paying attention to the response of increasing the efficiency of irrigation due to the high correlation between the state of dust concentration and pressure factors such as the amount of rainfall, soil moisture, and exploitation of water resources in the research area, special attention to the development of water extraction systems as one of the most important responses. Management issues due to the existence of negative and high correlation with the dust situation during the years of research, adequate and sustainable supply of water resources by reducing and minimizing the diversion dams downstream of the Kowsar and Ask dams due to the increase in dust concentration with the increase of flood diversion operations and construction Reservoir and diversion dams since 2009, Considering the water rights of wetlands in the region with the aim of preventing wetlands from drying up and creating a dust center, especially in the west of Hendijan city, and carefully choosing the appropriate plant species, as well as carrying out desertification operations (planting saplings, mulching, building windbreaks). With the ecological conditions of the region, due to the negative correlation between the desertification operation and the reduction of dust concentration since 2014, it can help to improve the dust situation in the research area. Conclusion In this regard, it is recommended to respond to driving forces (D) and pressures (P) so that while improving the conditions and adverse effects caused by it, the drivers and pressures that create the current situation can also be controlled. Based on this, the incomplete implementation of the answers is another reason for not achieving management goals and making the situation and the number of dusty days more unfavorable. It is also suggested to implement the integrated watershed management program in Hendijan city through the development of a joint water, agriculture, and natural resources program upstream of the watershed in order to clarify the effective measures of the water production, distribution, and consumption chain in the upstream lands. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Cause and effect analysis, DPSIR framework, Hierarchical analysis process, Integrated watershed management, Trend change | ||
| مراجع | ||
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