| تعداد نشریات | 287 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 85 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,159 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,108 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,527,960 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,477,177 |
بررسی جنبههای کمّی، کیفی و اقتصادی کشت مخلوط سیر (Allium sativum L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) در سیستمهای تغذیه آلی و شیمیایی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 111، فروردین 1401، صفحه 133-149 اصل مقاله (779.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.354814.3003 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یاسر اسماعیلیان* 1؛ عباس جلالی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، خراسان رضوی، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایش بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گناباد اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل شاهد، کود شیمیایی (100، 120 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار بهترتیب اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم) و ورمیکمپوست (10 تن در هکتار) و عامل فرعی شامل کشت مخلوط سیر (Allium sativum L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) با نسبتهای 75:25، 50:50، 25:75 و 100:100 و کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد تعداد و طول سوخک در تیمار کود شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش را نشان دادند، هر چند اختلاف معنیداری بین این تیمار و ورمیکمپوست وجود نداشت. در حالی که تیمار ورمیکمپوست موجب بیشترین افزایش در قطر سوخک شد. بیشترین تعداد سوخک از کشت مخلوط 50:50 و طول و قطر سوخک از تیمار 25:75 بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و سوخ (بهترتیب 3867 و 2293 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کشت خالص سیر و کود شیمیایی حاصل شد. بیشترین اسانس سیر از کاربرد ورمیکمپوست (2.33%) و کشت مخلوط50:50 (2.36%) حاصل شد. ارتفاع بوته و تعداد غلاف در بوته شنبلیله در تیمار تغذیه شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش (بهترتیب 30% و 21%) را داشتند. همچنین، بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته شنبلیله از کشت مخلوط 25:75 بدست آمد. بالاترین عملکرد علوفه و دانه شنبلیله (بهترتیب 2057 و 682 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت خالص و کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. عملکرد بیولوژیک شنبلیله در تیمارهای کود شیمیایی (2800 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و آلی (2733 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تحت کشت خالص بالاتر بود. بیشترین اسانس بذر شنبلیله از تیمار کود شیمیایی (1.16%) و کشت مخلوط 25:75 (1.12%) بدست آمد. الگوهای کشت مخلوط نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از 1 حاصل کردند و بهترین حالت از نسبت 100:100 بدست آمد. سیر در تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بجز 100:100 نسبت به شنبلیله غالبیت داشت. سودمندی کشت مخلوط نیز بهجز تیمار 100:100 بیشتر از 1 بود و بیشترین مزیت اقتصادی از کشت مخلوط 75:25 در شرایط تغذیه آلی بدست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| الگوی کشت؛ سودمندی اقتصادی؛ سیستم تغذیه؛ غالبیت؛ نسبت برابری زمین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of quantitative, qualitative, and economic aspects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) intercropping under organic and chemical nutrition systems | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Y. Esmaeilian1؛ A. Jalali2 | ||
| 1Department of Agriculture, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Gonabad in the 2017-18 crop year. The main plot included control, chemical fertilizer (100, 120, and 150 kg.ha-1 urea, triple superphosphate, and potassium sulphate, respectively), and vermicompost (10 t.ha-1) and sub-plot consisted of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) intercropping in 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:100 proportions and sole cropping of two crops. The results showed that the highest number and bulblet length was obtained in the chemical fertilizer treatment, however there was no significant difference between this treatment and vermicompost. While, the vermicompost treatment resulted in the highest bulblet diameter. The highest bulblet number was obtained in the 50:50 intercropping treatment and the highest length and bulblet diameter was obtained in the 25:75 one. The highest biological yield and bulb yield (3867 and 2293 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the sole cropping of garlic and chemical fertilizer treatment. The highest garlic essential oil was obtained in the vermicompost (2.33%) and 50:50 intercropping (2.36%) treatments. The plant height and number of pods per plant in fenugreek had the highest increase (30 and 21%, respectively) in the chemical nutrition treatment. Also, the highest number of pods per plant was obtained in the 25:75 intercropping treatment. The highest forage and seed yield of fenugreek (2057 and 682 kg.ha-1, respectively) was observed in the sole cropping and chemical fertilizer treatment. The biological yield was higher in the chemical (2800 kg.ha-1) and organic (2733 kg.ha-1) fertilizer treatments under sole cropping. The highest essential oil of fenugreek seeds was observed in the chemical fertilizer (1.16%) and 75:25 intercropping (1.12%) treatments. The intercropping patterns recorded the land equivalent ratios above 1 and the best situation was obtained from 100:100 intercropping. Garlic was superior to fenugreek in the intercropping treatments except for 100:100 pattern. The intercropping advantage was greater than 1 except for the 100:100 treatment and the highest economic advantage was obtained in the 25:75 pattern and organic fertilizer treatment. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Cropping pattern, economic advantage, nutrition system, aggressivity, land equivalent ratio | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Agegnnehu, G., Ghizaw, A. and Sinebo, W., 2006. Yield performance and land use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of Agronomy, 25: 202-207. - Ahmadi, A., Dabbagh Mohammdi Nasab, A., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Amini, R. and Janmohammadi, H., 2009. Evaluation of yield and advantage indices in barley and vetch intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 20(4): 77-87. - Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B., Haydari, M., Ramroodi, M. and Mousavinik, S.M., 2011. Study of chamomiles yield and its components under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers usage and their residue. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 3(2): 23-28. - Akbarinia, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidcon, F., Rezaee, M.B. and Sharifi, A., 2003. Study on the effect of different rates of chemical fertilizer, manure and mixture of them on seed yield and main, compositions of essential oil of ajowan (Trachyspermum copticum). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 61: 32-41. - Alizad, L., Aghaei, A. and Mostafavirad, M., 2018. Effect of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers on growth and physiological characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Guilan province. Journal of Plant Production Research, 25(3): 55-68. - Amani Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M.R. and Maggi, F., 2018. Evaluation of competition, essential oil quality and quantity of peppermint intercropped with soybean. Industrial Crops and Products, 111: 743-754. - Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. and Metzger, J.D., 2004. Influences of Vermicomposts on field strawberries: Part 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93(2): 145-153. - Atiyeh, R.M., Subler, S., Edwards, C.A., Bachman, G., Metzger, J.D. and Shuster, W., 2000. Effect of vermicomposts and composts in horticultural container media and soil. Pedo Biologia, 44: 579-590. - Azarnia, M., Safikhani, S. and Biabani, A., 2015. The effect of bio-fertilizer on crops yield, sustainable agriculture and organic farming. Journal of Biosafety, 8(2): 85-97. - Bagheri Shirvan, M., Zaefarian, F., Akbarpour, V. and Asadi, G.A., 2012. Evaluation of yield advantage and economic productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping with sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.). Journal of Agroecology, 2(2): 42-57. - Banik, P. and Sharma, R.C., 2009. Yield and resource utilization efficiency in baby corn-legume-intercropping system in the eastern plateau of India. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 33: 379-395. - Bedoussac, L., Journet, E.P., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Naudin, C., Corre-Hellou, G., Jensen, E.S., Prieur, L. and Justes, E., 2015. Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35: 911-935. - Bigonah, R., 2011. Effect of fenugreek and cardamom on quality and quantity forage in intercropping system. M.Sc. thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. - Darzi, M.T., Hadjseyed Hadi, M.R. and Rejali, F., 2010. Effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer application on yield and yield components in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 26(4): 452-467. - Dehghanian, H., Barmaki, M., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab, A. and Seifdavati, J., 2020. Forage yield and relay intercropping advantage of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and annual cereals at different cropping patterns. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(1): 41-56. - Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B. and Dordas, C.A., 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research, 100: 249-256. - Duchene, O., Vian, J.F. and Celette, F., 2017. Intercropping with legume for agroecological cropping systems: complementarity and facilitation processes and the importance of soil microorganisms. A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 240: 148-161. - Esmaeelian, Y., Amiri, M.B., Askari Naeeni, S., Moradi Sadr, J. and Heidari Amale, F., 2018. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of garlic medicinal plant (Allium sativum L.) under the conditions of different organic and chemical fertilizers application. Journal of Horticultural Science, 31(4): 722-738. - Farid, M. and Navabi, A., 2015. N2 fixation ability of different dry bean genotypes. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95: 1243-1257. - Gangwar, K.S., Singh, K.K., Sharma, S.K. and Tomar, O.K., 2006. Alternative tillage and crop residue management in wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains. Soil and Tillage Research, 88: 242-252. - Ghanbari, S., Moradi Telavat, M. and Siadat, S.A., 2017. Evaluation of competitive indices in barley intercropped with fenugreek under manure applications. Journal of Crops Improvement, 18(4): 821-834. - Ghosh, P.K., 2004. Growth, yield, competition and economics of groundnut/cereal fodder intercropping system in the semi-arid tropics of India. Field Crops Research, 88: 227-237. - Gliessman, S.R., 1998. Agroecology: Ecological Process in Sustainable Agriculture. Ann Arbor Press, Michigan, 252p. - Hamzeie, J., 2012. Performance evaluation index SPAD, land use efficiency and productivity index barley (Hordeum vulgar) and bitter vetch (Vicia errilia) intercropping system. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 2(4): 79-91. - Jamshidi, K.H., Mazaheri, D., Majnoun Hosseini, N., Rahimian, H. and Peyghambari, S.A., 2008. Evaluation of yield in intercropping of maize and cowpea. Pajouhesh and Sazandei, 80: 110-118. - Javanmard, A., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., Nasiri, Y. and Shekari, F., 2015. Evaluation of forage yield and some advantage indices in maize-legume intercropping as double cropping. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 12: 39-52. - Kargar, N. and Mortazaeinejhad, F., 2016. Evaluating the amount of trigonelline and growth factors on the medium reinforced with vermicompost and chemical fertilizer in Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 32(5): 868-879. - Kiani, S., Siadat, S.A., Moradi Telavat, M.R., Abdali Mashhadi, A.R. and Sare, M., 2014. Effect of nitrogen rates on yield and quality of forage in intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 16(2): 77-90. - Kumar, R. and Tripathi, Y.C., 2011. Training manual on extraction technology of natural dyes & aroma therapy and cultivation value addition of medicinal plants. Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India, 51p. - Lithourgidis, A., Dordas, C., Damalas, C. and Vlachostergios, D., 2011. Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5: 396-410. - Marastoni, L., Sandri, M., Pii, Y., Valentinuzzi, F., Brunetto, G., Cesco, S. and Mimmo, T., 2019. Synergism and antagonisms between nutrients induced by copper toxicity in grapevine rootstocks: monocropping vs. intercropping. Chemosphere, - Mardani, F., Balouchi, H., Yadavi, A. and Salehi, A., 2015. Effect of row intercropping patterns on yield, yield components, and weed control of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-greacum L.) and anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(3): 623-636. - Mosapour, H., Ghanbari, A. and Asgharipour, M., 2015. Effects of intercropping proportion on the quantity and quality of essential oil in isabgol and ajwain. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(3): 1-13. - Nakhzari Moghaddam, A., 2016. The effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping pattern on forage yield and competition indices of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and pea (Pisum sativum). Journal of Crop production, 9(1): 199-214. - Omidbeygi, R., 2006. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol. 1). Behnashr Publication, Mashhad, 397p. - Pez-Bellido, L., Lopez-Bellido, R.J., Castillo, J.E. and Lopez-Bellido, F.J., 2004. Chickpea response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a continuous rotation with wheat: I. Biomass and seed yield. Field Crops Research, 88: 191-200. - Rahimi, M.M. and Hashemi, A.R., 2016. Yield and yield components of vetch (Vigna radiata) as affected by the use of vermicompost and phosphate bio-fertilizer. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 10(2): 529-540. - Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Tajbakhsh, M. and Fotohi Chiyaneh, S., 2014. Yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in strip intercropping with ajowan (Carum copticum L.) influenced by bio and chemical fertilizer. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 24(4): 1-15. - Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Tajbakhsh, M., Jamali, M. and Ghiyasi, M., 2016. Evaluation of yield and indices advantages at different intercropping patterns of dill (Anethun graveolens L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Agricultural Crop Management, 8(1): 15-27. - Safikhani Nasimi, N., Adavi, Z. and Mansourifar, C., 2019. Effects of different urea and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of two dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 11(39): 21-33. - Sangwan, P., Kaushik, C.P. and Garg, V.K., 2008. Vermiconversion of industrial sludge for recycling the nutrients. Bioresource Technology, 99: 8699-8704. - Savci, S., 2012. Investigation of effect of chemical fertilizers on environment. APCBEE Procedia, 1: 287-292. - Sharifi, Y., Aghaalikhani, M., Modares Sanavi, A.M. and Sorooshzadeh, A., 2006. Effect of interference proportion and density on foliage production in intercropping of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences, 37(2): 363-370. - Shrimal, P. and Khan, T.I., 2017. Studies on the effects of vermicompost on growth parameters - Siddiqui, Y., Islam, T.M., Naidu, Y. and Meon, S., 2011. The conjunctive use of compost tea and inorganic fertiliser on the growth, yield and terpenoid content of Centella asiatica (L.) urban. Scientia Horticulture, 130: 289-295. - Sujatha, S., Bhat, R., Kannan, C. and Balasimha, D., 2011. Impact of intercropping of medicinal and aromatic plants with organic farming approach on resource use efficiency in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) plantation in India. Industrial Crops and Products, 33: 78-83. - Suthar, S., 2009. Vermicomposting of vegetable market solid waste using Eisenia foetida: Impact of bulking material on earthworm growth and decomposition rate. Ecological Engineering, 35: 914-920. - Vafadar-Yengeje, L., Amini, R. and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., 2019. Chemical compositions and yield of essential oil of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertilizers application. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239: 1-10. - Yaseen, M., Singh, M. and Ram, D., 2014. Growth, yield and economics of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) under intercropping system. Industrial Crops and Products, 61: 417-421. - Yu, Y., Stomph, T.J., Makowski, D. and van der Werf, W., 2015. Temporal niche differentiation increases the land equivalent ratio of annual intercrops: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 184: 133-144. - Zandi, P., Shirani Rad, A.H., Daneshian, J. and Bazrkar Khatibani, L., 2013. Evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density effects on yield and yield components of fenugreek in double cropping. Journal of Plant Productions, 35(4): 91-91. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,691 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 614 |
||