Comparison of the effect of walnut shell and charcoal flour on the characteristics of wood-plastic composites | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| Article 4, Volume 37, Issue 2 - Serial Number 79, May 2022, Pages 128-140 PDF (843.58 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijwpr.2022.356960.1704 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mir Reza Mousavi1; Asghar Tabei* 2; Mostafa Madanipour2; Mohammad Farsi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D Student, , Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran | ||
| 3Associated Professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari,, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In this study, the effect of walnut shell and charcoal flour on the applied characteristics of the resulting plastic composites was investigated. For this purpose, walnut shell and charcoal flour in three levels of 20, 30 and 40% were mixed with high density polyethylene using Brabender internal mixer during the melt mixing process, then standard test samples were made by injection molding method. Mechanical properties including tensile and flexural strength, tensile and flexural modulus and impact strength were measured. Physical properties including water absorption and thickness swelling after 24 hours immersion were evaluated and scanning electron microscopy images were also examined. The results showed that the flexural strength and impact strength of the wood plastic composite containing 40% walnut shell flour were higher than the samples containing 40% charcoal flour. Also, by increasing the walnut shell and charcoal flour from 20 to 30%, the flexural strength increased by 3.3% and 6.1%, respectively, and by increasing the walnut shell and charcoal flour from 20 to 40%, the flexural modulus increased by 51.9% and 63.8%, respectively. Other results of mechanical strength indicate that with increasing walnut shell charcoal from 20 to 40%, tensile strength and modulus increased to 22.9 and 109.7%, respectively, and with increasing walnut shell and charcoal flour from 20 to 40%, the impact strength decreased by 6.6 and 5.4%, respectively. The results of physical properties showed that with increasing walnut shell and charcoal flour from 20 to 40%, water absorption for 24 hours decreased by 19.2 and 8.4%, respectively, and thickness swelling by 24 hours decreased by 53.6 and 46.7%, respectively. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| "Walnut shell and charcoal flour"; "wood plastic composite"; "Tensile strength"; "Flexural modulus" | ||
| References | ||
|
-Ahmadi, H., Hamassi, H. and Mahdavi, S., 2015. Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Composite From Recycled Hdpe Filled by Furfural Residue Produced From Bagasse, Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 30(3): 376-387.
-Ashori, A. and Nourbakhsh, A., 2008. Effect of Press Cycle Time and Resin Contents on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Panels Made from the Underutilize Low-quality Raw Materials, Industrial Crops and Products, 28(2): 225–230.
-Ayrilmis, N.,Kaymakci, A. and Ozdamir, F., 2013. Physical, Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites filled with walnut shell flour. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19(3): 908-914.
-Ayrilmis, N., Kwon, J.H., Hyong, H.T. and Durmus, A., 2015. Effect of wood – derived charcoal content on properties of wood plastic composites. Materials Research Journal. 18(3): 654-659.
-Benmbarek, T., Robert, L., Sammouda, H., Charrier, B., Orteu, J.J. and Hugot, F., 2013. Effect of acetylation and additive on the tensile properties of wood – fiber – HDPE composite. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and composites, SAGE Publications, 32(21), 1646 – 1655.
-Charmhali, M., Kazemi Najafi, S.,Tajvidi, M. and Poudinehpoor, M.A., 2006.Mechanical properties of wood- plastic composite made from particleboard andMDF wastes and polyethylene (HDPE) wastes, Iranian Journal of Wood andpaper Science Research, 20(2): 271- 284.
-Chen, Q., Zhang, R., Wang, Y., Wen, X. and Qin, D., 2016. The effect of bamboo charcoal on water absorption, contact angle, and the physical-mechanical properties of bamboo/low-density polyethylene composites. BioResources, 11(4): 9986-10001.
-Colantoni, A., Evie, N., Lord, R.,Retschitzegger, S., Proto, A.R. Gallucci, F. and Monarca, D., 2016. Characterization of biochars produced from pyrolysis of pelletized agricultural residues. Renew.Sustain.Energy Rev, 64: 187–194.
-Das, O., Sarmah, A.K. and Bhattacharrya, D., 2015. A novel approach in organic waste utilization through biochar addition in wood / polypropylene composites. Waste Management, 38, 132-140.
-Faludi, G., Renner, K., Móczó, J. and Pukánszky, B., 2013. Biocomposite from polylactic acid and lignocellulosic fibers: Structure–property correlations. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92: 1767–1775.
-Febrianto, F., Setyawati, D., Karina, M., Bakar, E.S. and Hadi, Y.S., 2006. Influence of wood flour and modifier contents on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-recycle polypropylene composites. Journal of Biological Scinces, 6(2): 337-343.
-George, J., Sreekala, M.S. and Thomas, S., 2001. A review on interface modification and characterization of natural fiber reinforced plastic composites, Polymer engineering and Science, 41(9): 1471-1485.
-Hietala, M., 2013. Extrusion processing of wood – based biocomposites. Doctoral Thesis, Lulea University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Wood and Bionanocomposites, SE – 97187 Lulea, Sweden/ University of Oulu, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering. FI – 90014, Oulu yliposito, Finland. p: 116.
-Hu, R. and Lim, J. K., 2007. Fabrication and mechanical properties of completely biodegradable hemp fiber reinforced PLA composites. Journal of composite materials, 41, 1655 – 1669.
-Ikram, S., Das, O. and Bhattacharyya, D., 2016. A parametric study of mechanical and flammability properties of biochar reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 91, 177-188.
-Izekor, D.N., Amiandamhen, S.O. and Agbarhoaga, O.S., 2013. Effect of geometric particle sizes of wood flour on strength dimensional properties of wood plastic composites. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 5(1), 194 – 199.
-Jayamani, E. and Bakry, M.K.B., 2015. Dielectric properties of lignocellulosic fibers reinforced polymer composites: Effect of fiber loading and alkaline treatment. Materialstoday Proceeding, 2(4-5), 2757 – 2766.
-Levasseur, O., Stafford, L., Gherardi, N., Naude, N., Blanchard, V., Blanchet, P. and Riedle, B., 2012, Deposition of hydrophobic functional groups on wood surfaces using atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge in helium-hexamethyldisiloxane gas mixtures, Plasma Processes and Polymers, 9(11-12), 1168-1175.
-Li, X., Lei, B., Lin, Z., Huang, L., Tan, S. and Cai, X., 2014. The utilization of bamboo charcoal enhances wood plastic composites with excellent mechanical and thermal properties, Material and Design,53: 419-424.
-Manolache, S., Jiang, S., Rowell, R.M. and Denes, F.S., 2008. Hydrophobic wood surfaces generated by non-equilibrium, atmospheric pressure (NEAPP) plasma enhanced coating. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 483(1), 348 – 351.
-Nagulia, I.G., Petrissans, M. and Gerardin, P., 2007. Chemical reactivity of heat - treated wood. Wood Science and Technology Journal, 41(2), 157-168.
-Najafi, S.K., Hamidinia, E. andTajvidi, M., 2006. Mechanical properties of composites from sawdust and recycled plastics. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100(5): 3641-3645.
-Nourbakhsh, A., Karegarfard, A., Ashori, A. and Nourbakhsh, A., 2010. Effects of particle size and coupling agent concentration on mechanical properties of particulate-filled polymer composites, Thermoplastic Composites Material,23(2): 169-174.
-Pilarski, J.M. and Matuana, L.M., 2005. Durability of wood – plastic composites exposed to accelerated freeze – thaw cycling. Part I. Rigid PVC matrix. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 11(1): 1 – 8.
-Razavi-nouri, M., Dogouri, F.J., Oromiehie, A. and Langroudi, A., 2006. Mechanical Properties and WaterAbsorptionBehaviour of Chopped Rice Husk FilledPolypropylene Composites, Iranian Polymer Journal15(9): 757-766.
-Rostamian, R., Heidarpour, M., Mousavi, S. and Afyuni, M., 2015. Application of Rice Husk Biochar to Desalinate Irrigation Water, Journal of Water and Soil Sciences, 19(71): 21-30
-Schrip, A. and Stender, J., 2010. Properties of extruded wood – plastic composites based on refiner wood fibers (TMP fibers) and hemp fibers. European Journal of Wood Products, 68, 219 – 231.
-Svab, I., Musil, V. and Leskovac, M., 2005. The adhesion Phenomena in Polypropylene/wollastonite, Journal of acta chimicaSinica, 52: 264-271.
-Yadvan, S.M. and Bin Yusoh., K., 2015. Mechanical and physical properties of wood – plastic composites made of polypropylene, wood flour and nanoclay. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and plantation, Vol. 1. (Sept.), 52 – 58.
-Zahedi, M., Tabarsa, T., Madhoushi, M. and Shakeri, A.R., 2013. Effect of nanoclay (Montmorillonite) onthe physical-mechanical properties of polypropylene/ wood flour composites. Journal of Wood andForest Science and Technology, 20(3): 95-110.
-Zhang, Q., Yi, W., Li, Z., Wang, L. and Cai, H., 2018. Mechanical properties of rice husk biochar reinforced high density polyethylene composites. Polymers Journal, 10: 286: 1-10.
-Zhu, S. Guo, Y. Chen, Y. Su, N. Zhang, K. and Liu, S., 2016. Effects of incorporation nano-bamboo charcoal on the mechanical properties and thermal behaviour of bamboo-plastic composites. BioResources, 11(1): 2684-2697. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,780 PDF Download: 438 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb