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تأثیر روش‌های تغذیه گیاه بر عملکرد اقتصادی و اجزای اسانس سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 115، فروردین 1402، صفحه 38-54 اصل مقاله (783.36 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2022.355278.3030 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جبرائیل ملکی1؛ ابراهیم شریفی عاشور آبادی* 2؛ مهدی میرزا3؛ حسین حیدری شریف آباد4؛ محمدحسین لباسچی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم زراعی و باغی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استاد، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استاد، گروه علوم زراعی و باغی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر روش‌های حاصلخیزی خاک بر عملکرد اقتصادی و اجزای اسانس سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی NPK، کود دامی، تلفیق کودهای NPK با کود دامی و همچنین تلفیق کودهای شیمیایی و دامی همراه با تلقیح کود زیستی آزوریزوبیوم در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد بود. صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد اندام هوایی و درصد، عملکرد و ترکیب اسانس بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1270.43 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن+ 32 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر+ 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاسیم+30 تن در هکتار کود دامی به‌دست آمد. بیشترین درصد (0.25%) و عملکرد اسانس (2.8 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن+ 32 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر+ 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاسیم+ 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی+ آزوریزوبیوم و بیشترین درصد تیموکینون (14.9%) در تیمار 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی بدست آمدند. به‌طور کلی تیمارهای تلفیقی و زیستی، بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر عملکرد دانه و درصد اسانس سیاهدانه داشتند. استفاده از منابع کودی مناسب، نه تنها موجب افزایش عملکرد، مقدار اسانس و ترکیب تیموکینون در سیاهدانه شد بلکه پیامدهای ناشی از مصرف بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی را کاهش داد. استفاده از روش‌های کوددهی تلفیقی گامی موثر جهت دستیابی به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاهان دارویی؛ کود شیمیایی؛ کود دامی؛ کود زیستی؛ آزوریزوبیوم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of plant nutrition on economic yield and essential oil composition of Nigella sativa L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| J. Maleki1؛ E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi2؛ M. Mirza3؛ H. Heydari Sharif Abad4؛ M.H. Lebaschy2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Medicinal Plants Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research,, Education and Extension organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Medicinal Plants Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, NPK+ manure, and NPK+ manure+ inoculation of Azorizobium biofertilizer. Seed yield, aerial parts yield, and percentage, yield, and essential oil compounds were studied. The results showed that the highest seed yield (1270.43 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. The highest percentage (0.25%) and essential oil yield (2.8 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure+ Azurizobium treatment. The highest thymoquinone percentage (14.9%) was observed in the 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. Overall, the integrated and biological treatments had the most positive effects on seed yield and essential oil percentage of N. sativa. The use of suitable fertilizer sources not only increased the yield, essential oil percentage, and thymoquinone content in Nigella sativa, but also reduced the consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The use of integrated fertilization methods is an effective step to achieve the sustainable agriculture goals. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Medicinal plants, chemical fertilizers, manure, biofertilizer, Azorhizobium | ||
| مراجع | ||
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