| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,049 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,082 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,539,278 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,591,700 |
تاثیر کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، آلی و تلفیق آنها بر عملکرد و مواد موثره اسانس گیاه دارویی مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad) در اصفهان | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 41، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 124، تیر 1404، صفحه 201-219 اصل مقاله (1.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2021.354844.3004 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لیلی صفایی* 1؛ فاطمه سفیدکن2؛ سعید دوازده امامی3؛ داوود امین آزرم4 | ||
| 1عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان | ||
| 2استاد-موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 3اکولوژی گیاهان دارویی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان/کودهی-زراعت-اهلی کردن-تنشهای شوری و خشکی | ||
| 4استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه داروئی مرزه خوزستانی با نام علمی Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad از خانواده نعناع و یکی از گونههای انحصاری مرزه در ایران است که به دلیل درصد اسانس و میزان کارواکرول بالا، در صنایع آرایشی، بهداشتی و داروسازی از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار میباشد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی سازگاری این گیاه با شرایط آب و هوایی استان اصفهان و افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی آن از طریق تعیین مناسبترین روش تغذیه بود. مواد و روشها: این تحقیق در سالهای زراعی 1395 تا 1399، در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی شهید فزوه وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان در شرایط آبی و در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار کودی (شامل نسبتهای مختلفی از کودهای شیمیایی NPK (N50P25K25)، کود دامی (30 و 60 تن در هکتار)، ورمی کمپوست (5 تن در هکتار) و نیز ترکیبی از کودهای شیمیایی، دامی و ورمی کمپوست (30 تن در هکتار کود دامی به همراه N50P25K25، 60 تن در هکتار کود دامی به همراه N50P25K25 و 5 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست به همراه N50P25K25) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، و سه تکرار انجام شد. تهیه بذر و نشاء گیاه از کلکسیون مرزه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان و مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور انجام پذیرفت. کشت بهصورت غیرمستقیم و از طریق نشاء بود. نشاها در شرایط گلخانه و از طریق کشت بذور در سینیهای کشت تولید شدند. انتقال نشاء در فروردین ماه 1396 و پس از مساعد شدن هوا انجام شد. بلافاصله پس از انتقال نشاء نسبت به آبیاری اقدام گردید. روش آبیاری بصورت قطره‌ای و در مراحل ابتدای رشد دو نوبت در هفته و پس از استقرار یک نوبت در هفته صورت گرفت. اندام هوایی گیاهان در زمان 50 درصد گلدهی از 5 سانتیمتری بالای سطح خاک برداشت و نسبت به خشک کردن آنها در سایه اقدام شد. استخراج اسانس از سرشاخه‌های گلدار هرساله صورت پذیرفت. به منظور استخراج اسانس، 50 گرم از سرشاخه هر تیمار آسیاب شده و به مدت چهار ساعت با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب و دستگاه کلونجر، اسانسگیری و درصد آن تعیین شد. شناسایی ترکیبهای اسانس بااستفاده از دستگاههای گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) صورت پذیرفت. نتایج: بر اساس نتایج بهدست آمده حداکثر درصد اسانس (3.7%) در سال سوم و بیشترین عملکرد اسانس (132.6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سال دوم مشاهده شد. طبق نتایج سالهای آزمایش، تیمار تلفیقی 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار ازت، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر و 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاس به همراه 5 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست سال سوم، بیشترین عملکرد اسانس را به خود اختصاص داد. 14 ترکیب در اسانس گیاه شناسایی شد که ترکیب غالب آن کارواکرول بود. میزان این ترکیب از86.4 تا 95.3 درصد متغیر به دست آمد. نتیجهگیری کلی: بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، عملکرد کیفی اسانس گونه مورد مطالعه کمتر تحت تاثیر تیمارهای حاصلخیزی خاک قرار گرفت اما عملکرد کمی اسانس تحت تاثیر تغذیه تلفیقی افزایش معنیداری داشت که به طور غیرمستقیم باعث افزایش عملکرد کیفی اسانس نیز گردید. بنابراین میتوان اظهار داشت که استفاده از روشهای تغذیه تلفیقی در گیاه گامی مناسب به سمت ایجاد کشاورزی پایدار میباشد. درصد بالای ترکیب کارواکرول موجود در این گیاه از نظر اقتصادی بسیار ارزشمند میباشد. از آنجا که کارواکرول دارای چندین ویژگی بیولوژیکی، از جمله اثر ضدعفونی کننده، فعالیتهای ضدالتهابی، ضددرد، ضدباکتریایی، ضدقارچی و مخمر و آنتیاکسیدان میباشد لذا در مواردی که نیاز به این ترکیب با ارزش وجود دارد گونه مرزه خوزستانی انتخاب مناسبی میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مرزه؛ روش حاصلخیزی خاک؛ مواد موثره اسانس؛ عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of NPK, manure, and their combination on yield and essential oil composition of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad in Isfahan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| leili safaei1؛ Fatemeh Sefidkon2؛ saeed- davazdahemami-3؛ Davood Aminazarm4 | ||
| 2, Research Institutes of Forest and Rangelands | ||
| 3-Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center | ||
| 4Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and is one of Iran’s exclusive species. Due to its high essential oil content and significant amounts of carvacrol, it is particularly important in the cosmetic, health, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to evaluate the plant’s adaptation to the climatic conditions of Isfahan province and enhance its quantitative and qualitative performance by identifying the most suitable fertilization method. Methodology: This project was conducted at Fozveh Station of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan from 2017 to 2020 under irrigation conditions, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight fertilizer treatments. The treatments included different levels of chemical fertilizers (N50P25K25), organic fertilizers (30 and 60 tons/ha of cow manure, and 5 tons/ha of vermicompost), and combinations of chemical and organic fertilizers (N50P25K25 + 30 tons/ha cow manure, N50P25K25 + 60 tons/ha cow manure, and N50P25K25 + 5 tons/ha vermicompost). These treatments were compared with a control group, and the experiment was replicated three times. Seeds and seedlings were sourced from the Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center and the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Cultivation was performed indirectly through seedlings, which were first grown in greenhouse conditions using cultivation trays. In April 2017, after favorable weather conditions were established, the seedlings were transplanted to the field. Drip irrigation was applied immediately after transplanting, with watering scheduled twice a week in the early growth stages and once a week after plant establishment. The aerial parts of the plants were harvested at 50% flowering, cut 5 cm above the soil surface, and dried in the shade. Essential oil extraction was performed annually using water distillation (Clevenger apparatus). The essential oil percentage was measured, its composition was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), and qualitative assessment was conducted through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: According to the results, the maximum essential oil percentage and oil yield in S. khuzistanica were 3.7% (in the third year) and 132.6 kg/ha (in the second year), respectively. Across the experimental years, the highest oil yield was obtained in the combined treatment of 50 kg/ha nitrogen, 25 kg/ha phosphorus, and 25 kg/ha potassium, plus 5 tons/ha vermicompost, in the third year. Throughout the study, 14 compounds were identified in S. khuzistanica essential oil, with carvacrol being the predominant component. The concentration of carvacrol ranged from 86.4% to 95.3%. Conclusion: According to the results, the qualitative yield of essential oil in S. khuzistanica was less affected by soil fertility treatments, while the quantitative yield showed a significant increase, which indirectly enhanced the qualitative yield. Ultimately, the study concluded that the intermediate fertilization method was the most effective treatment for improving quantitative yield and promoting sustainable agriculture. The high carvacrol content in this species adds to its economic value. Given its diverse biological properties, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities, S. khuzistanica is recommended for applications where this valuable compound is required. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| S. khuzistanica, soil fertilization method, essential oil components, yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abou El-Magd, M.M., El-Bassiony, A.M. and Fawzy, Z.F., 2006. Effect of organic manure with or without chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of some varieties of Broccoli plants. Journal of Applied Science Research. 2(10): 791-798. - Ahmadi, Sh., Sefidkon, F., Babakhanlo, P., Asgari, F. Khademi, K., Valizadeh, N. and Karimifar, M.A., 2009. Comparing essential oil composition of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge before and full flowering stages in filed and provenance. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Reserach, 25(2): 159-169. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2009.7187 - Alizadeh Sahzabi, A., Sharifi Ashorabadi, E., Shiranirad, A.H. and Abaszadeh, B., 2007. The effects of different methods and levels of using nitrogen on some quality and quantity characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 23(3): 416-431. - Arancon, N., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Welch C. and Metzger J.D., 2004. Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93:145-153.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.014 - Ashnavar, M., Bahmanyar, M.A., Akbarpoor, V. and Ghorbani, N., 2017. Effect of nanophosphorus and vermicompost on yield, yield component and essential oil percentages of Matricaria chamomilla L. Journal of Crops Improvement. 19(1): 177-187. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2017.60408 - Atiyeh, R.M., Edwards, C.A., Metzger, J.D., Lee, S. and Arancon, N.Q., 2002. The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 84: 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00017-2 - Attia, M., Elham, H.M. and Abdel Azeem, H., 2004. Effect of biofertilization with some strains of bacteria and chemical fertilization on Mentha viridis L. cultivated in Maruit location. 9th Conference of Agricultural Development and Research, Shams University, Cairo Egypt. Annals of Agriculture Science, 2: 431-442. - Baranauskiene R., Venskutonis, P.R., Viskelis, P. and Dambrauskiene, E., 2003. Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 51(26): 7751-7758. - Barreyro, R., Ringuelet y, J. and Agrícola, S., 2005. Fertilización Nitrogenada y Rendimiento en Orégano (Origanum x applii). Articulo de Investtigacion. 32(1): 39-44. - British Pharmacopoeia, 1988, HMSO, London. 2: A137 – A138. - Ćavar, S., Maksimović, M., Šolić, M.E., Jerković- Mujkić, A. and Bešta, R., 2008. Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of two Satureja essential oils. Food Chemistry, 111(3): 648-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.033 - Ceylan, A., Bayram, E. and Ozay, N., 1995. The effects of N-fertilizer on the yield and quality of Thymus vulgaris L. in ecological conditions of Bornova- Izmir. Horticulture Abstracts, 65: 5368. - Dambrauskiene, E. and Venskutonis, R., 1999. Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of first year thyme and its quality, Horticulture and Vegetable Growing, 18(3): 107-112. - Darzi, M.T. and Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., 2016. The role of separated and integrated application of organic and biological inputs on N.P.K concentration, essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 26(3): 101-114. - Darzi, M.T., and Hajseyedhadi, M.R., 2003. Evaluation of agricultural and ecological problem of chamomile and fennel. Journal of Zeyton 43: 149-152. - Dzida, K., 2007. Influence of varied nitrogen- potassium fertilization on yield, essential oil content and mineral composition in darden thyme herb (Thymus vulgaris L.). Herba Polonica, 53(3): 146-150. - Farsam, H., Amanlou, M., Radpour, M.R., Salehinia, A.N. and Shafiee, A., 2004. Composition of the essential oils of wild and cultivated Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad from Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19(4): 308-310. - Francis, C.A., Bulter, F.C. and King, L.D., 1990. Sustainable agriculture in temperate zones. New York. John Wiley and Sons, USA, 487p. https://www.amazon.com/Sustainable-Agriculture-Temperate-Charles-Francis/dp/0471622273 - Galli, E., Tomati, U., Grappelli, A., and Di Lena, G., 1990. Effect of earthworm casts on protein synthesis in Agaricus bisporus. Biological Fertility Soils 9: 290-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00634103 - Ghazi Manas, M., Banj Shafiee, Sh., Hajseyd Hadi, M.R. and Darzi, M.T., 2013. Effects of vermicompost and nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants research, 29:(2): 269-280. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2013.2855 - Hadian, J., Akramian, M., Heydari, H., Mumivand, H. and Asghari, B., 2012. Composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from four Satureja species growing in Iran. Natural Product Research, 26(2): 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.534734 - Hadian, J., Najafi, F., Salehnia, A., Ehteshamnia, A. and Ganjipoor, P., 2010. Screening of Satureja khuzestanica and Satureja rechingeri collections for high yielding genotypes. Planta Medica, 76: p052. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1264350 - Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Rezaei Ghale, H., 2016. Effects of vermicompost and foliar application of amino acids and urea on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31(6): 1058-1070. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.105894 - Harshavardhan, P.G., Vasundhara, M. and Sreenivasappa, K.N., 2007 Influence of spacing and integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of essential oil in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L). Journal of Biomedical Science, 2: 288-293. - Hendawy, S.F., Azza, A.E., Aziz, E. and. Omer, E.A., 2010. Productivity and oil quality of Thymus vulgaris L. under organic fertilization conditions, Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(2), 203-216. - Khalesro, S., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. and Asgharzadeh, A., 2011. The effect of biological and organic inputs on quantity and quality of essential oil and some elements content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27(4): 551-560. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2012.4504 - Malakooti, J., 1999. Sustainable agriculture and increasing yield by optimizing fertilizer consumption in Iran. Agricultural Education Publishing Publications. 460p. - Martin, J.P., Black, J.H. and Hawthorne, R.M., 1997. Influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75: 175-180. - Mirza, M., Sefidkon, F. and Ahmadi, L., 1996. Natural essential oils, extraction, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and application. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 205p. - Mohammadi, M., Sefidkon, F., Asadi-Sanam, S. and Kalatejari, S., 2021. Effects of nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 37(2): 193-213. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2021.351383.2840 - Mojtabavi, K. and Darzi, M.T., 2018. Effects of vermicompost and nitroxin application on flower yield, yield components and essential oil quality of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 6(33): 1034-1046. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2018.115212.2119 - Mozaffarian, V., 2009. A dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Farhangh Moaser publication, 740p. - Nicolova, A., kozhuharovaKozhuharova, K., Zehelijazkov, V.D and Craker, L.F., 1999. Mineral nutrition of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.), Acta Horticulture, 502: 203-208. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.502.32 - Nooshkam, A., Majnoun Hoseini, N., Hadian, J., Jahansooz, M.R. and Khavazi, K., 2014. The effects of irrigated and rainfed conditions on vegetative and essential oil yield of two medicinal species, Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad in North of Khuzestan. Crop Production, 7(2): 61-75. - Özkan, A. and Erdoğan, A., 2011. A comparative evaluation of antioxidants and anticancer activity of essential oil from Origanum onites (Lamiaceae) and its two major phenolic components. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35: 735-742. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1011-170 - Padmavathiamma, P.K., Li, L.Y. and Kumari, U.R., 2008. An experimental study of vermi-biowaste composting for agricultural soil improvement. Bioresource Technology. 99: 1672-1681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.028 - Paschalina, S.C., Koutsos, T.V. and Katsiotis, S.T., 2006. Study on nitrogen fertilization rate on fennel cultivars for essential oil yield and composition. Journal of Vegetable Science, 12 (2): 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1300/J484v12n02_08 - Rezaee Moadab, A., Nabavi Kalat, S.M. and Sadrabadi Haghaghi, R., 2013. Effects of biological fertilizer and vermicompost on vegetative yield and essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Mashhad climatic conditions. Journal of Agroecology, 5(4): 350-362. https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v5i4.32991 - Saeednejad, A. and Rezvanimoghadam, P., 2009. Evaluation of the effect of compost, vermicompost and manure application on yield, yield components and percentage of cumin essential oil. Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 24(2): 142-148. - Safaii, L., Sharifiashoorbadi, A. and Afiuni, D., 2007. Study the effects of NPK, manure and a combination of chemical and manure fertilizers on phenolic yield and essential oil components in Thymus daenensis. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 17(1): 1-15. - Scheffer M.C. and Koehler, H.S., 1993. Influence of organic fertilization on the biomass, yield, and yield composition of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium. Acta Horticulture, 331: 109-114. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.331.14 - Sefidkon, F. and Ahmadi, Sh., 2000. Essential Oil of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. - Sefidkon, F., Sadeghzadeh, L., Teimouri, M. Asgari, F. and Ahmadi, Sh., 2007. Antimicrobial effects of the essential oils of two Satureja species (S. Khuzistanica Jamzad and S. bachtiarica Bunge) in two harvesting times. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 23(2): 174-182. - Sepahvand, H., Kordbacheh, P., Delphan, B., Zayeni, F., Hashemi, S.J. and Mahmoodi, M., 2005. Antifungal effects of Saturia Khuzestanica essential oil in Lorestan region by in vitro method. Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2(7): 37-43. - Shalaby, S. and Razin, S.H. 1992. Dense Cultivation and fertilization for higher yield of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 168(4): 243-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.1992.tb01005.x - Sharifi Ashorabadi, A., Ghalavand, A., Noormohamadi, G., Matin, A., Amin, G., Babakhanloo, P., Lebaschi, M.H. and Sefidkom, F., 2001. The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on seed yield and biomass of fennel. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 7: 3-25. - Sharifi Ashorabadi, A., Matin, A. and Lebaschi, M., 2003. Physiological growth indices in fennel (Foeniculum vulgaris) under different soil fertility conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Research, 19(2): 157-182. - Ultee, A., Slump, R.A., Steging, G. and Smid, E.J., 2000. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol toward Bacillus cereus on rice. Journal of Food Protection, 63(5): 620-624. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.5.620 - Salardini, A.A., 2005. Soil fertility. Seventh edition Tehran University Publication. 434p. (In Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,009 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 102 |
||