| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,020 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,742 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,986,092 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 47,164,752 |
تاثیر انواع خاک‌پوشهای پلی‌اتیلن در کاهش آلودگی بیماریهای مهم ویروسی و آفات مکنده در خربزه | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 34، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 131، شهریور 1400، صفحه 99-119 اصل مقاله (562.67 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.341671.1452 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| منصور صلاتی* 1؛ کاوه بنانج2 | ||
| 1عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی | ||
| 2استاد پژوهش در بخش ویروس شناسی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از خاک‌پوش پلاستیک می‌تواند یک راه کار جایگزین برای دور کردن حشرات ناقل بدلیل انعکاس طول موج نوری UV که دورکننده حشرات مکنده می باشد بوده و در نتیجه کاهش خسارت عوامل ویروسی با ناقل حشرات در زراعت خربزه باشند. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی و انتخاب لایه پلاستیک مناسب با کاربرد چند منظوره و منطبق با نیاز کشاورزان بود.به این منظور شش تیمارمورد آزمایش شامل خاک‌پوش پلاستیکی در چهار رنگ شامل پلاستیک شفاف بی‌رنگ، پلاستیک سفید، پلاستیک دو رنگ نقره در رو و مشکی در زیر، پلاستیک مشکی و دو شاهد بدون خاک‌پوش با وجین دستی علف های هرز و بدون خاک‌پوش بدون کنترل علف‌های هرز انتخاب شدند. نتایج حاصله از اجرای این پروژه نشان داده است که در کاهش جمعیت آفات مکنده شامل: شته، تریپس و مگس سفید، مالچ نقره توانسته است از کارایی خوبی برخوردار باشد و بدنبال آن مالچ سفید و سیاه قرار گیرند. بطوریکه استفاده از خاک‌پوش نقره طی سال اول و دوم آزمایش با 75/43%و 73/36% به ترتیب بالاترین کارایی را در کاهش جمعیت شته به خود اختصاص داد. در مورد بیماریهای ویروسیCMV ، CABYV, ZYMVو WMV، خاک‌پوش نقره با 8/88% و 1/77% کاهش آلودگی نسبت به شاهد بدون کنترل طی 30 روز پس از انتقال نشاء بترتیب در سال اول و دوم در جایگاه نخست قرار گرفت. بالاترین عملکرد محصول به خاک‌پوش سیاه و نقره با مقادیر 2/12604 و9/12447 در سال اول و 20143 و 17095 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال دوم بدون اختلاف معنی دار با یکدیگر تعلق گرفت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شته؛ کدوئیان؛ مالچ؛ مدیریت؛ ویروس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Feasibility Study on Application of Different Polyethylene Mulch types to Control of Important Virus Diseases and Sucking pests in Melon | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mansour Salati1؛ kaveh Bananej2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor in: Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan-e Razavi; Agricultural- Research- Education & Rxtension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor in: Plant virus Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural- Research- Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Virus diseases are a worldwide problem for cucurbit production, which cause economic losses. In fact, more than 35 different viruses have been isolated from cucurbits. The main symptoms include mosaic, yellowing, vein clearing, leaf and fruit malformation in the crops. Until now, 13 viruses have been detected on cucurbits in Iran. CMV, ZYMV, WMV, CABYV and CVYV have been confirmed in field-grown cucurbit crops in Khorasan razavi province (Bananej & Vahdat, 2008). Mulch has been used to obtain good vegetable growth and yield in crops like cucumber, tomato and pepper (Kring & Schuster, 1992). Stylet borne virus transmission can be decreased only by applying preventive methods like mulching during the production. The research on the insect repelling effect of reflective surfaces has been done by many researchers (Kring & Schuster, 1992). They have achieved statisfactory outcome in decreasing virus incidence in vegetables using reflective surfaces. The silver reflective plastic mulch reflects ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, unlike black or clear plastic mulches. Flying aphids as plant virus vectors are repelled by these UV wavelengths. The outcome is to delay and reduce the incidence of aphid-borne viruses. The aim of this project was to assess and select suitable plastic mulches that can act versatile and perfectly meet the needs of farmers for controlling pests and viruses in melon prodcution. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out with six treatments including polyethylene plastic mulch in four colors, including a colorless transparent plastic, white plastic (milky), silver, black plastic mulch and two controls including hand weeding and weed-free mulch in a randomized complete block design with four replications during two growing seasons in 2013 and 2014 near Saaleh Abad in Torbat Jam. Each experimental unit comprised 5 rows(70 cm spacing) of 10 m long with a drip irrigation system. Serological surveys were conducted during three plant growth stages including the first week after transplanting (to remove possible infection), flowering(30 days after transplanting), and four weeks after the flowering (50 days after transplanting). A sampling of the middle leaves of the plant from three rows in the middle of each experimental unit was performed. Assessment for viral factors CMV, CABYV, ZYMV and WMV was performed using a polyclonal antibody. The aphids pests population was studied at a 10-day interval from the beginning of flowering and until three weeks after the first fruit harvest. Results and Discussion: There were statistically significant differences among the aphids pests population on different treatments during the two years of experiments. The comparison of means between the first, second and third stages of sampling showed a significant difference. The silver treatment had the lowest aphids pests population, followed by white and black treatments. However, some researchers have recorded different results in their studies . Since the four viral diseases studied in this work are common in the aphid vector, the frequency of these four viruses was calculated during two sampling stages. The frequency of the viruses in the first stage of sampling in the two years of the experiment under silver mulch was recorded as 3.573% and 7.14%, which was the lowest. Similar results were observed by Jalali et al., 2016. It is noteworthy that in the first stage of sampling(30 DAT) in both years, the lowest number of aphids observed was fully consistent with the lowest infection rate by the viruses. But in the second stage sampling, the results did not follow certain orders. This was due to the alteration of the physical properties of silver mulch under the environmental conditions such as UV sunlight, which led to its degradation. The results of analysis of variance for the total melon yield in the two years between treatments were significant. The highest yields were obtained with black and silver mulch, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this project showed that silver mulch had the highest efficiency in reducing aphids pests population by 43/75% and 36/73% in the first and second years, respectively. Silver mulch reduced aphid-borne viral diseases in the first sampling in two years of experiment by 88/8% and 77/1% as compared to control, respectively. The highest yield was achieved with both black and silver mulches. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aphid, Cucurbits, Management, Mulch, Virus | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Bananej, K., and Vahdat, A. 2008. Identification, distribution and incidence of viruses in field-grown cucurbit crops of Iran. Phtopathologia Mediterranean 47: 247-257. Carr, J.P., Tungadi, T., Donnelly, R., Bravo-Cazar, A., Rhee, S., Watt, L.G., Mutuku, J.M., Wamonje, F.O., Murphy, A.M., Arinaitwe, W., Pate, A.E. Cunniffe, N.J., and Gilligan, C.A. 2020. Modelling and manipulation of aphid-mediated spread pf non-persistently transmitted virus. Plant Research 277 (197845). Compos-de-araujo, J.A., and Campos-de-araujo, S.M. 1992. Analysis of cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L) production “vista alegre “ variety, using different coloured plastic soil mulch. Congreso Internatinal de Plasticos en Agricultura p:108-113. Clark, M.F., and Adams, A.N. 1977. Characteristics of microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology 34: 475-483. Coutts, B.A., Kehoe, M.A., and Jones, R.A.C. 2011. Minimising losses caused by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in vegetable cucurbit crops in tropical, sub-tropical and Mediterranean environments through cultural methods and host resistance, Virus Research 159(2): 141-160. Farias –Lariosis, S., and Michel, A.C. 1994. Effect of plastic mulches on the Growth and yield of cucumber in tropical region. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 10:303-306. Gadhave, K.R., Gautam, S., Rasmussen, D.A, and Srinivasan, R. 2020. Aphid transmission of potyvirus: The largest plant-infecting RNA virus genus. Viruses 12 (773). Greenough, D.R., Black, L.L., and Bond, W.P. 1990. Aluminium-surfased mulch: an approach to the control of tomato spotted wilt virus in solanaceous crop. Plant Disease 74:805-808. Jalali, S., Nematolahi, M.R., and Farhadi, A. 2016. Effect of polyethylene mulches in reducing viruses causing mosaic in outdoor cucurbit. Entomology and Phytopathology 84(1): 21-30 (In Persian with English Summary). Kim, J.S., Lee, S.H., and Lee, M.W. 1989. Effect of oil spraying and vinyl mulching for the control of virus disease on red paper. Crop Protection 31(4):7-12 . Klein, P., and Smith, C.M. 2020. Host plant selection and virus transmission by Rhopalosiphum maidis are conditioned by potyvirus infection in Sorghum bicolor. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 14:811-823. Kousik, C. S., Adkins, S., Webster, C. G., Turechek, W. W., Standly, P., and Roberts, P. D. 2015. Influences of insecticides and reflective mulch on watermelon vine decline caused by Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-RS-14-0040. Kring, J.B., and Schuster, D.J. 1992. Management of insects on pepper and tomato with UV-reflective mulches. Florida Entomologist 75(1):119-125. Lecoq, H., and Katis, N. 2014. Contol of cucurbit viruses. Advances in virus Rearch. 90. 255-296. Lamont, W.J., Sorensen, K.A., and Averre, C.W. 1990. Painting aluminum strips on black plastic mulch reduces mosaic symptoms on summer squash. HortScience 25: 1305. Murphy, J.F., Eubanks, M.D., and Masiri, J. 2008. Reflective plastic mulch but not a resistance-inducing treatment reduced watermelon mosaic virus incidence and yield losses in squash. International Journal of Vegetable Science 15: 3–12. Perring, T.M., Farrar, C.A., Mayberry, K., and Blua, M.J. 1992. Research reveals. Pathern of cucurbit virus spread. California Agriculture 46: 35-40. Provvidenti, R. 1996. Diseases caused by viruses. Pp 37-45 In: Zitter TA Hopkins DL Thomas CE (eds.) Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. APS, St. Paul, MN, USA. Romay, G., Lecoq, H., Geraud-Pouey, F., Chirinos, T., and Desbiez, C. 2014. Current status of cucurbit viruses in Venezuela and characterization of Venezuelan isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Plant Pathology 63, 78-87. Schalki, J.M., and Robins M.L.R. 1987. Reflective mulches infuence on plant survival, reproduction and insect control in fall tomatoes. Hortscience 22(1):30-32. Suwwan M.A., Akkawi M., Al-musa A.M., and Mansour, A. 1988. Tomato performance and incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl(TYLC) virus as affected by type of mulch. Seinta Horticulture 37(1-2): 39-42. Sweiss, M., Anfoka, G., and Abou-Jawdah, Y. 2007. Molecular characterization of Jordanian isolates of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSTV). Journal of Phytopathology 155: 557- 562. Wivutvongrana, P.E., Kasingh, M., Paungmancee, J., Klodpeng, T., Nikornpun, M., and Lumyong, P. 1991.The use of fertilizer , mulching and irrigation for vegetable production. The tropical zone-Thiland –Extension- Bulletin . ASPAC, food and fertilizer technolgy No. 334:1-9 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 838 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 353 |
||