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ارزیابی کارآیی مدل تجربی توان فرسایش در 63 زیرآبخیز برگزیده‌ی ایران | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 133، دی 1400، صفحه 34-52 اصل مقاله (1.95 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmrj.2021.353257.1383 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید نبی پی لشکریان* 1؛ محمود عرب خدری2؛ صمد شادفر2 | ||
| 1کارشناس پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش تشدید‌شده‌ی خاک و تولید رسوب زیاد از دشواری‌های مهم در بسیاری از منطقه‌های ایران است. شناسایی فراگیر منطقه‌های بحرانی برای کاهش دادن اثر بد آن با کنش‌های حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، ضرورت دارد. با توجه به نبود ایستگاه اندازه گیری در خروجی آبخیزهای کوچک، مدل‌های تجربی ابزار مناسبی برای برآورد کردن فرسایش خاک و رسوب‌دهی است. یکی از روش‌های متداول در ایران مدل توان فرسایش است. هدف اصلی این تحقیق تطبیق‌دادن شرایط نرم‌افزار با طبیعت و جمع‌بندی نتیجه‌ی به‌دست‌آمده در منطقه‌های برگزیده‌ی کشور است. 63 آبخیز در نُه استان که پژوهش رسوب‌دهی در آن انجام شده بود برای مقایسه با مقدار برآوردشده انتخاب شد. برای محاسبه‌ی رسوب‌دهی آبخیزها، لایه‌های اطلاعاتی لازم برای مدل توان فرسایش بررسی، و امتیاز داده شد. مقایسه‌ی نتیجه‌ها نشان داد که در بیش‌تر زیرآبخیزها برآورد‌های مدل (0/19 تا 9/71 تن بر کیلومتر مربع در سال) کم‌تر از مقدار رسوب اندازه‌گیری شده‌ی آبگیرها (0/44 تا 459/64 تن بر کیلومتر مربع در سال) است. واسنجی مدل با اصلاح ضریب‌های جدول‌های مدل توان فرسایش در قالب دو حالت ممکن کل آبخیزها و پس از تقسیم به سه منطقه‌ی جغرافیایی انجام شد، که سبب بهبود فراوان برآوردها شد. ضریب کارآیی نش-ساتکلیف برای همه‌ی آبخیزها 0/66، و برای منطقه‌های مرکزی، زاگرس، و شمال شرقی به‌ترتیب 0/68، 0/5 و 0/89 به‌دست آمد. به همین دلیل توصیه می شود که مدل توان فرسایش اولیه به‌کار برده نشود، و از مدل با ضریب اصلاح شده بهره برده‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بند کوتاه؛ رسوب‌دهی؛ فرسایش خاک؛ مدل توان فرسایش؛ واسنجی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Assessment of the Empirical Erosion Potential Model in 63 Selected Watersheds in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saeed Nabipay- Lashkarian1؛ Mahmood Arabkhedri2؛ Samad Shadfar2 | ||
| 1Research Scientist, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Accelerated soil erosion and high sediment production are important issues in many parts of Iran. The identification of high erosion risk regions is necessary for the planning of soil and water conservation measures in order to reduce erosion damages. Empirical models are required for estimating soil erosion and sediment yield in the absence of gauged small watersheds. The Erosion Potential Method (EPM), originally developed in Croatia, is a popular erosion estimating model in Iran; however, its efficiency across the country has not been thoroughly assessed. Therefore, a calibration study was carried out by comparison between the model the estimated and measured sediment yields through sediment survey for 63 reservoirs at the outlet of small catchments in the Semnan, Markazi, Isfahan, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, West Azarbaijan, Lorestan, Fars, Golestan, and the Khorasan Razavi Provinces. All required maps and information of the study basins for estimating the EPM sediment yield were produced via field survey as well as data analysis. Comparison of the results showed that in most cases, the model estimates (0.19 to 9.71 tons per square kilometer per year) are lower than the measured sediment yields at the reservoir inlets (0.44 to 459.64 tons per square kilometer per year). Thus, we calibrated the EPM by modifying its original tables and evaluated the results using the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient in two scenarios, a, all basins, and b, after dividing into three geographical zones, which significantly improved the estimates. The Nash ‐ Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for scenario a was 0.66, and 0.68, 0.50 and 0.89 for the Central, Zagros, and Northeast zones, for scenario b respectively. Based on the results, it is strongly recommended to use the modified EPM instead of the original model. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Calibration, EPM model, sediment yield, small dam, soil erosion | ||
| مراجع | ||
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