| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,197 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,446 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 52,501,398 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,938,508 |
تأثیر چرای دام و عاملهای محیطی بر ساختار تودههای بلوط زاگرس (پژوهش موردی: پارک دالاب ایلام) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 22، شماره 3، آذر 1393، صفحه 461-472 اصل مقاله (302.64 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2014.12428 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حمیدرضا میرداودی* | ||
| استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات استان مرکزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ترکیب گونهای و ساختار تودههای جنگلی در طول زمان در اثر آشفتگیهای انسانی یا طبیعی تغییر میکند. بررسی این تغییرات در ارتباط با عاملهای محیطی و آشفتگیها، نقش مهمی در تجزیهوتحلیل پویایی و مدیریت بومسازگانها دارد. بنابراین در این تحقیق عاملهای محیطی و چرای دام بهعنوان عامل آشفتگی بر ساختار تودههای بلوط، در مقایسه با مناطق بدون آشفتگی در پارک دالاب ایلام بررسی شد. اطلاعات مربوط به پوشش گیاهی، خاک و سایر متغیرهای محیطی در این دو منطقه در قالب 51 قطعه نمونه 0/1 هکتاری و بهصورت تصادفی برداشت و اطلاعات مربوط به ساختار جنگل در آنها اندازهگیری شد. برای مشخص کردن ارتباط گروههای گیاهی با عاملهای مختلف موردبررسی از روش رستهبندی تحلیل تطبیقی متعارفیاستفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که آشفتگی ایجادشده بهدلیل چرای دام در کنار فاکتورهای خاکی بهترتیب با بیان 7/7 و 6/2 از تغییرات موجود در ساختار تودههای بلوط، بهعنوان تأثیرگذارترین عاملها بر ساختار این جنگل شناخته شدند. وجود طبقات قطری بالا (قطر برابرسینه و قطر تاج) در مناطق دارای آشفتگی چرای دام حاکی از وجود تودههای مسن بود و نشاندهنده عدم زادآوری آنها برای مدت طولانی است. از طرف دیگر وجود طبقات قطری پایین (قطر برابرسینه و قطر تاج) و همچنین طبقات ارتفاعی کم در کنار طبقات قطری بالا در منطقه فاقد آشفتگی، حاکی از وجود تودههای ناهمسال و نامنظم است و نشاندهنده زادآوری گونههای درختی بهخصوص گونه بلوط، پس از قرق در این منطقه است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آشفتگی؛ رستهبندی؛ ساختار توده؛ عاملهای محیطی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of grazing and environmental factors on the structure of Brant`s oak stands of Zagros (Case study: Dalab Park, Ilam) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid Reza Mirdavoodi | ||
| Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Species composition and structure of forest stands are subject to temporal changes as a function of anthropogenic or natural disturbances. The investigation of such changes in association to environmental factors plays an important role in analyzing of the ecosystem dynamics and in turn in ecosystem management. In this study, forest structural attributes, soil and other environmental variables were collected across 51 sample plots (each encompassing 0.1 ha) by using the random sampling method across two “grazed” and “protected” forest sites located in northwest of Ilam. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to identify patterns in stand structure of the sites and their association to environmental attributes or livestock grazing. Results showed the stand structure to be affected by the grazingand soil factors, which explained 7.7% and 6.2% of the total variation in stand structure, respectively. In addition, the occurrence of trees with high diameter classes within the grazing-disturbed class was an indication of old growth stands in such sites, in which the natural regeneration has not been taken place for a long time. On the other hand, the lower diameter classes as well as classes of lower height were predominantly observed beside the classes of higher diameter in undisturbed sites, which suggests for the existence of uneven-aged and irregular stand structure. The results of this study suggest that natural regeneration in Brant`s oak trees is mainly enabled following a preservation of such sites against grazing. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Disturbance, environmental factors, ordination, stand structure | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Aliehiaei, M. and Behbahanizadeh, A.A. 1992. Chemical soil analysis procedure. Technical Report, No: 893, Published by Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, 129p (In Persian). - Alijanpour, A., Banj Shafiei, A. and Eshaghi Rad, J. 2010. Investigation of natural regeneration characteristic in west oak forests within different levels of site factors (Case study: Piranshahr region). Iranian Journal of Forest, 3(2):209-219 (In Persian). - Basiri, R. and Karami, P. 2006. The use of diversity indices to assess the plant diversity in Marivan, Chenareh forests. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 13(5):163-172 (In Persian). - Biaou, S.H., Sterck, Ir.F.J. and Holmgren, M. 2009. Tree recruitment in West African dry woodlands. The interactive effects of climate, soil, fire and grazing. Ph.D. thesis, Wageningen University, Netherlands, 182p. - Bouahim, S., Rhazi, L., Amami, B., Sahib, N., Rhazi, M., Waterkeyn, A., Zouahri, A., Mesleard, F., Muller, S.D. and Grillas, P. 2010. Impact of grazing on the species richness of plant communities in Mediterranean temporary pool (western Morocco). Comptes Rendus Bioloies, 333:670-679. - Borcard, D., Legendre, P. and Drapeau, P. 1992. Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology, 73:1045-1055. - Carcey Hincz, P.Ag. and Irma D.A. 2011. Impact of grazing on soil mesofauna diversity and community composition in deciduous forested rangelands of northwest Alberta. 23p, http://esrd.alberta.ca/lands-forests/grazing-range.-management/documents/SoilMesofaunaForestedRangelands-Feb2011A.pdf. - Connell, J.H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science, 199:1302-1310. - Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Zetterström, T., Rönnbäck, P., Troell, M., Wickramasinhe, A. and Koedam, N. 2000. Conservation of mangroves vs. development of shrimp farming in Pambala - Chilaw lagoon, Sri Lanka. In: Flos, R. and Creswell, L. (eds), Responsible Aquaculture in the New Millenium. European Aquaculture Society, Oostende, Belgium, pp: 167. - Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Kairo, J.G., Jayatissa, L.P., Cannicci, S. and Koedam, N. 2002. An ordination study to view vegetation structure dynamics in disturbed and undisturbed mangrove forests in Kenya and Sri Lanka. Plant Ecology, 161: 123-135. - Debrot, A.O. and de Freitas, J.A. 1993. A comparison of ungrazed and livestock-grazed rock vegetation in Curacao. Bitropica, 25: 270- 280. - Dufrene, M. and Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs, 67:345-366. - Dyakov, N.R. 2013. Successional pattern, stand structure and regeneration of forest vegetation according to local environmental gradients. Ecologia Balkanica, 5(1): 69-85. - Fleming, G.M., Diffendorfer, J.E. and Aedler, P.H. 2009. The relative importance of disturbance and exotic- plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub. Ecological Applications, 19: 2210- 2227. - Franklin, J.F., Cormack, K. JR. and Enison, W.D. 1981. Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. General Technical Report PNW- GTR-118, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 48p. - Gilligan, L.A. and Muir, P.S. 2011. Stand structures of Oregon white oak woodlands, regeneration, and their relationships to the environment in southwestern Oregan. Northwest Science, 85(2): 141-158. - Hosseinzadeh, J., Namiranian, M., Marvi Mohajer, M. and Zahedi Amiri, Gh. 2004. Structure of less degraded oak forests in Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Natural Research, 57(1): 75-90 (In Persian). - Huston, M.A. 1994. Biological diversity: the coexistence of species in changing landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 708p. - Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M. 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, 560p (In Persian). - Kenneth, W.T., Edward, R.A., Neil, K.M. and Melvin, R.G. 2003. Spatial and temporal patterns of cattle feces deposition on rangeland. Journal of Range Management, 56: 432-438. - Kent M. and Coker, P. 1992. Vegetation Description and Analysis. A Practical Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 363p. - Kolb, T.E. and Stone, J.E. 2000. Differences in leaf gas exchange and water relations among species and tree sizes in an Arizona pine–oak forest. Tree Physiology, 20: 1-12. - Leps, J. and Smilauer, P. 2003. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, 269p. - McCune, B. and Mefford, M.J. 1999. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, version 4.17, MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, U.S.A., p: 233. - McEvoy, P.M., McAdam, J.H., Mosquera-Losada, M.R. and Rigueiro-Rodri-Guez, A. 2006. Tree regeneration and sapling damage of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in a grazed forest in Galicia NW Spa a comparison of continuous rotational grazing system. Agroforestry Systems, 66: 85-92. - Mirdavoodi, H.R., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Zahedi Amiri, G. and Etemad, V. 2013. Disturbance effects on plants diversity and invasive species in oak woodlands, west of Iran (Case study: Dalab Forest, Ilam). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(1): 1-16 (In Persian). - Namiranian, M. and Maleknia, R. 2008. Studying of forest stands condition with different intervention of human activity in central Zagros (Case study: Karazan, Ilam). Journal of the Iranian Natural Research, 61(2): 375-387 (In Persian). - Palmer, S.C.F., Mitchell, R.J., Truscott, A.M. and Welch, D. 2004. Regeneration failure in Atlantic oak woods: the role of ungulate grazing and invertebrates. ForestEcologyandManagement, 192: 251-265. - Perrin, P.M., Kelly, D.L. and Mitchell, J.G. 2006. Long-term deer exclusion in yew-wood and oak wood habitats in southwest Ireland: Natural regeneration and stand dynamics. ForestEcologyandManagement, 236: 356-367. - Plieninger, T., Schaich, H. and Kizos, T. 2011. Land-use legacies in the forest structure of silvopastoral oak woodlands in the Eastern Mediterranean. RegionalEnvironmental Change, 11: 603-615. - Shakeri, Z., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Namiranian, M. and Etemad, V. 2009. Comparison of seedling and coppice regeneration in pruned and undisturbed oak forests of Northern Zagros (Case study: Baneh. Kurdistan province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 17(1): 73-84 (In Persian). - Shakeri, Z. 2012. Invasive plants following disturbances in Fagus orientaliscommunities in the Caspian Forests, North of Iran, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, 105p (In Persian). - Spasojeric, M.J., Aicher, R.J., Koch, G.R., Marquardt, E.S. and Mirotchnick, N. 2010. Fire and grazing in mesic tallgrass prairie: impacts on plant species and functional traits. Ecology, 91(6): 1651-1659. - Stone, J.N. and Porte. J.L. 1998. What is forest stand structure and how to measure it? Northwest Science, 72(2): 25-26. - Ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987. The analysis of vegetation- environment relationship by canonical correspondence analysis. Vegatatio, 69: 69-77. - Ter Braak, C.J.E. and Verdonschot, P.F.M. 1995. Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology. Aquatic Sciences, 57(3): 255-289. - Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Smilauer, P. 2012. Canoco 4.99, Software for multivariate data exploration, Trial version. - Urbieta, I.R., García, L.G., Zavala, M.A. and Marañόn, T. 2011. Mediterranean pine and oak distribution in southern Spain: Is there a mismatch between regeneration and adult distribution? Journal of Vegetation Science, 22: 18-31. - Vandenberghe, C., Frančois, F., Moravie, M.A., Gadallah, F. and Buttler, A. 2007. Short term effects of cattle browsing on tree sapling growth in mountain wooded pastures. Plant Ecology, 188: 253-264. - Wassie, A., Sterck, F.J., Teketay, D. and Bongers, F. 2009. Effect of livestock exclusion on tree regeneration in church forests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 765-772. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,017 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,488 |
||