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تأثیر امواج فراصوت، سرمادهی و خراش‌دهی مکانیکی بر شکستن خفتگی بذر و شاخص‌‌‌‌‌های جوانه زنی گونه های تاتوره (Datura stramonium) و پیچک صحرایی (Convolvulus arvensis) | ||
| علوم و فناوری بذر ایران | ||
| دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 22، تیر 1400، صفحه 127-139 اصل مقاله (775.55 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsst.2020.128548.1312 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هاجر غفوری1؛ اسحاق کشتکار* 2؛ مجید آقاعلیخانی1؛ علیرضا مهدویان3 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| 3گروه مکانیک بیوسیستم دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی اثر امواج فراصوت بر شکستن خفتگی بذر گونه‌های تاتوره و پیچک صحرایی در شرایط کنترل شده دو آزمایش جداگانه به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. امواج فراصوت در پنج توان (صفر، 80، 150، 250 و 350 وات) در دو زمان چهار و هشت دقیقه با فرکانس ثابت 20 کیلوهرتز بکار برده شد. دمای سیال آب در حین اعمال فراصوت 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد ثابت بود. علاوه بر امواج فراصوت، تیمارهای رایج شکستن خفتگی شامل سرمادهی (طبیعی، مرطوب و خشک) برای تاتوره و خراش-دهی مکانیکی برای پیچک صحرایی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، بیشینه جوانه‌زنی تجمعی(Gmax) در هر دو گونه علف‌هرز تحت تاثیر تیمارهای فراصوت کاهش پیدا کرد. این تیمار همچنین زمان رسیدن به 50 درصد بیشینه جوانه‌زنی (G50) در گونه تاتوره را افزایش داد. تأثیر تیمارهای فراصوت بر G50 پیچک صحرایی به میزان توان فراصوت وابسته بود، به طوری که فقط توان‌های بالا کاهش G50 را به دنبال داشتند. در مجموع امواج فراصوت روش مناسبی برای شکستن خفتگی بذر گونه‌های تاتوره و پیچک صحرایی نبود، در حالی که سرمادهی طبیعی و خراش‌دهی مکانیکی به‌عنوان بهترین تیمارها، Gmax تاتوره و پیچک صحرایی در مقایسه با شاهد را به ترتیب 49 و 38 درصد افزایش دادند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیشینه جوانه‌زنی تجمعی (Gmax)؛ زمان تا رسیدن به 50 درصد بیشینه جوانه‌زنی (G50)؛ توان‌های فراصوت؛ تاتوره؛ پیچک صحرایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of ultrasound waves, chilling and mechanical abrasion on dormancy-breaking and germination characteristics of Datura stramonium and Convolvulus arvensis | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hajar Ghafoori1؛ Eshagh Keshtkar2؛ Majid Aghaalikhani1؛ Alireza Mahdavian3 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Biosystem Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The phenomenon of seed dormancy in weeds not only lead to management difficulties over time but also can disrupt the biological, morphological and ecological studies carried out on these species. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ultrasound on seed dormancy breaking of Datura stramonium and Convolvulus arvensis in laboratory conditions. Two separate experiments were conducted as a completely randomized design with four replications for each species. The ultrasonic waves were applied at five powers including 0, 80, 150, 250 and 350 watts for four and eight minutes, where the applied ultrasonic frequency was 20 kHz and the temperature of water was remained constant at 25°C. In addition to the ultrasound treatments, the common dormancy-breaking treatments including chilling (natural chilling, moist chilling and dry chilling) and mechanical scarification were applied on D. stramonium and C. arvensis, respectively. All sonication treatments decreased accumulated maximum germination (Gmax) of both weed species. Also, the ultrasound treatments increased time to 50% of maximum germination (G50) of D. stramonium. The ultrasonic effect on G50 of C. arvensis was depended on ultrasonic power, where at low ultrasound powers the G50 of D. stramonium was similar to untreated seeds, while it was decreased at high ultrasound powers. Accordingly, ultrasound was not a suitable method to break seed dormancy of D. stramonium and C. arvensis. As the best treatments, the natural chilling and mechanical scarification increased Gmax of D. stramonium and C. arvensis up to 49% and 38%, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Jimsonweed, field bindweed, accumulated maximum germination (Gmax), time to 50% maximum germination (G50), ultrasound powers | ||
| مراجع | ||
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