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مطالعه کاربرد سلول‌های خورشیدی بر روی دریاچه سدها (مطالعه موردی: سد انحرافی نوروز لو) | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 82، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 89-102 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2021.353313.1454 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| میلاد رضائی1؛ حجت احمدی* 2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد گروه آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ایران سرزمین کم بارش است و با توجه به پیامدهای تغییرات اقلیمی و وجود خشک‌سالی باید برای رفع کم‌آبی در کشور از هر طریقی جلوی هدر رفت آب را گرفت. ازآنجایی‌که کشور ایران در نواحی پرتابش واقع است مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از تجهیزات خورشیدی در ایران مناسب بوده و می‌تواند بخشی از انرژی موردنیاز کشور را تأمین نماید. در استان آذربایجان غربی هرساله حجم عظیمی از آب‌ها در اثر تبخیر از دسترس خارج می‌شود. در این تحقیق کاهش تبخیر از سد انحرافی نوروزلو توسط پنل خورشیدی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور تبخیر واقعی آب دریاچه سد با استفاده از داده‌های ایستگاه کلیماتولوژی سدنوروزلو برآورد گردید و با نرم‌افزار پی وی سیست برآورد میزان بار انرژی خورشیدی در محدوده سد استخراج گردید. درنهایت پروژه ازنظر اقتصادی بررسی و سودآوری آن تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد طبق برآوردهای اقتصادی انجام‌شده، متوسط هزینه برای خودکفایی برق مصرفی 5 روستای اطراف سد حدود 16 میلیارد تومان به دست می‌آید. با احتساب درآمد حاصل از کاهش تبخیر تولید برق، بازگشت سرمایه این فنّاوری طی 8/37 سال جبران خواهد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تبخیر؛ ذخیره آب؛ سد انحرافی؛ سلول خورشیدی؛ الکتریسیته | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Application of Solar Cells on the Lake of Dams (Case study: Nowruzlu diversion dam) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Milad Rezaei1؛ Hojjat Ahmadi2 | ||
| 1Department of water Eng. | ||
| 2Associate professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IRAN | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Iran is a land of low rainfall and due to the consequences of climate change and the existence of drought, water loss should be prevented in any way to eliminate water shortage in the country. In the province of West Azerbaijan, a large amount of water is lost every year due to evaporation. Solar energy is known as free and clean energy and even the main source of other types of energy on the earth. The scarcity of fossil fuel, as well as non-uniform distribution of this kinds of energy source in the work, motivate humans to find other types of energy especially clean and sustainable solar energy. Nowadays, the rising earth population and impacts of fossil fuel on the environment leads to accelerate the construction of solar power stations (Turki and Abedi, 2012). Owing to the location of Iran in suitable latitude and altitude, the country has a sunny and dry climate. Therefore, the significant magnitude of The sun's radiant energy reaches the earth's surface. On the other hand, the hot and dry climate of Iran makes high evaporation of water from reservoirs of dams. Covering the surface of freshwater reservoirs with physically thin covers could prevent or reduce the evaporation rate of water. Soltani et al., (2015) reported that water evaporation in aquatic environments could be reduced up to 10% in the presence of the planet. Rezzade et al., (2017) informed that scattering of colored floating balls could prevent evaporation rate from medium to small reservoirs up to 71.5%. Based on their results, the white color balls are more effective than the dark colors such as black in control of evaporation under similar conditions. One of the common means to cover the surface of reservoirs large dam in order to reduce evaporation of water is to use solar panels. Materials and Method In this study, the reduction of evaporation from the Nowruzlu diversion dam was investigated by using solar panels. This high diversion dam is located in the northwest of Iran, province of West Azerbaijan. The dam is constructed to divert the resealed water from Boukan earth dam to supply agricultural demands left side intake and domestic, industrial and agricultural demands by right side intake. The height of the dam is about 10 meters, the lake area is 0.2 km2, and the volume of water is more than 14 MCM. The object of this method is not only to reduce evaporation from the reservoir of the dam but also to produce clean solar energy for the domestic energy supply. For this purpose, the actual evaporation of the dam lake water was estimated using the data of Noruzlu dam climatology station. With PVsyst software, the amount of solar energy load in the Norozlo dam range was extracted. Finally, the project was economically evaluated and its profitability was analyzed. In this research, we used recorded evaporation data from the local synoptic station located in a dam site based on a standard A class pan. The solar energy potential was estimated by using the photovoltage software PVSYST model. The software provides an effective tool to simulate and calculate the distribution of energies throughout the year in any region on the earth. The output of the software is categorized in three was as follows based on the software documents: • The total energy production [MWh/y] is essential for the evaluation of the PV system’s profitability. • The Performance Ratio (PR [%]) describes the quality of the system itself. • The specific energy [kWh/kWp] is an indicator of production based on the available irradiation (location and orientation). Results and discussion The numerical analysis to evaluate installation circumstances for solar panels revealed that, by 36o inclination, 2 kw/m2 energy would be produced. In order to supply domestic requirements of 1000 houses, 2568 m2covering of lake surface will be sufficient. Hence, via the mentioned states, 2Mw electricity will be produced, in another word, the annually produced energy could be more than 730 Mw. The results showed that according to economic estimates, the average cost for self-sufficiency in electricity consumption in 5 villages (each of them with 200 houses) around the dam is about 37,680 billion Iranian rials (IRR). By calculating the revenue from the reduction of evaporation and electricity generation, the return on investment of this technology will be compensated in 5.7 years. Keywords: Evaporation, water storage, diversion dam, solar cell, electricity | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Evaporation, water storage, diversion dam, solar cell, electricity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Alizadeh, A. (1998). Principles of Applied Hydrology.Quds Razavi Publications, 8th edition. (in Persian) Almodaresi, S. & Marzban, M. (2014). Estimation of solar radiation potential using remote sensing data from acase study of Yazd province, The First National ConferenceontheApplicationofAdvancedSpatialAnalysisModels GIS Remote Sensing in Landscaping.Feb. 24. (in Persian) Afkhami, H., Esmaeilzadeh, A. & Kharibi, Kh. (2017). Design of floating ionizing coating using worn tires to reduce evaporation from open water resources, Technical Note of Iranian Water Resources Research,11th year, No.3. (in Persian) Álvarez, V. M.&Baille, A.&Martínez, J. M. M. & Real, M. M. G. (2006). Effect of black polyethylene shade covers onthe evaporation rate of agricultural reservoirs. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 280-288. Farzin, S. & Alizadeh sanami, F. (2015). Shadow ball, a measure to reduce water evaporation of dam reservoirs, second International Congress of Civil Engineering-Urban Development. (in Persian) Fereshtepour, M. Baghrpourmojaver, N. Esmaeilzade, M&Latif, A. , Milanishirvan, P. , & javidiSabakhian, R. (2021). Investigation of the role of floating solar cells in reducing evaporation from dam reservoirs (Case study: Khorasan Razavi province), National Conference on Water Resources Management of Iran, University of Ferdowsi Mashhad, No. 8. (in Persian) Fereshtepour, M. (2016). Application of floating solar cells in dam reservoirs, University of Tehran. (in Persian) Ganaei,Z.(2017).Solar energy, from how solar panels work to the types of panels and new technologies today, Ivan Charso Specialized Magazine, No. 1. Hassan, R. M., Hekal, N. T., & Mansor, N. M. (2007). Evaporation reduction from Lake Naser using new environmentally safe techniques. Eleventh International Water Technology Conference, IWTC11, Sharm El-Sheikh, Citeseer, 179-194. Nematalahi,M., Agaei foroshani,M. & Binazade,M. (2015). Floating solar cells: A way to solve the problem of water evaporation from the surface of dams, water storage pools and the production of solar electricity at the same time, Radio and Television Conference Center, Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water, Wastewater and Waste, ISBN 2-47. (in Persian) Piri,M., Hesam,M., Dehgani,A., Meftahholgi,M. & Khazali,A. (2009). Investigating the effect of heavy alcohol use on reducing the evaporation of water reservoirs, Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Volume 16, Issue 2. (in Persian) Rezazade,A.&Akbarzade,P.&Aminzade,M.(2020).ModelingandLaboratoryInvestigationofReducingSurfaceEvaporation of Water by Floating Coatings in the Presence of Surface Current, Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Article 18, Volume 52, No 7,Pages 180-171. (in Persian) Shams,M., kia,M. & Mahdavi,B. (2013).Optimal design studiesofa100kWphotovoltaicpowerplant connected to the grid in Tehran using pvsyst software,Iranian Journal of Energy,Volume 16, Number 2. (in Persian) Sepaskhah,A. (2018). Reducing evaporation from water reservoir dam, Journal of Strategic Research in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Volume 3, Pages 13 to 26. (in Persian) Soltani, Z., Khani, A. & Mahanpour, K. & Marjani, A. (2018). Assessment of duckweed (Lemna gibba L) growth on dam water surface as green cost-effective process to improving water quality. Desalination and Water Treatment.june,118, 79-86. Salahi,B, Godarzi,B & Hoseini,S. (2018).Estimation of Evapotranspiration in Relation to Climate Change in Urmia Lake Watershed,Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering,12th year, Issue 41. (in Persian) Turki,M & Abedi,Z. (2012). External Costs of Power Generation from Fossil Power Plants: A Case Study of Iran, Human and Environment Quarterly, No. 19. (in Persian) | ||
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