| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,049 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,082 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,539,744 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,592,442 |
زمان مدیریت علف های هرز گاوپنبه در مزارع سویا | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 5، شماره 2، اسفند 1388، صفحه 91-108 اصل مقاله (316.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا حاتمی1؛ ناصر لطیفی2؛ حسین رضوانی2؛ ابراهیم زینلی2 | ||
| 1دکتری | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گاوپنبه یکی از مهم‌ترین علف‌های هرز تابستانه در مزارع سویا می باشد. به منظور یافتن دوره بحرانی کنترل علف هرز گاوپنبه در دو رقم سویا با الگوهای رشدی متفاوت (رقم ویلیامز به عنوان رقم رشد نامحدود و رقم سحر یا پرشین به عنوان رقم رشد محدود) آزمایشی در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال 2007 با استفاده از طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار صورت گرفت. برای تعیین دوره بحرانی گاوپنبه از دو سری تیمار استفاده شد؛ تیمارهای تزاحم که در آنها تا مراحل دو برگی، چهار برگی، شش برگی، اوایل گلدهی و اوایل غلاف‌بندی سویا، به گاوپنبه اجازه تزاحم داده شد و از آن پس تا انتهای فصل رشد تمامی علف‌های‌هرز کنترل شدند. در کنار این تیمارها یک تیمار به عنوان شاهد تزاحم در نظر گرفته شد که به گاوپنبه اجازه حضور در تمام طول فصل رشد داده شد. سری دوم، تیمارهای کنترل بودند که در آنها تا مراحل رشدی یاد شده علف‌های‌هرز کنترل و از آن پس به گاوپنبه تا انتهای فصل رشد اجازه تزاحم داده شد. این تیمارها نیز همراه با شاهد کنترل (کنترل تمامی علف‌های‌هرز در طول فصل رشد) بودند. اثر تیمارهای کنترل بر ارتفاع نهایی سویا، تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، وزن خشک، عملکرد و تعداد غلاف در هر بوته سویا معنی دار گشت اما بر تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن صد دانه سویا تأثیر معنی‌داری نگذاشت. اثر تیمارهای تزاحم نیز بر تمام صفات فوق به غیر از وزن صد دانه معنی دار گردید. حساس‌ترین جزء عملکرد به حضور گاوپنبه، تعداد غلاف در بوته بود. نتایج این تحقیق بر اساس معادلات برازش داده شده گامپرتز و لجستیک بر حسب درجه-روز رشد، نشان داد که دوره بحرانی کنترل علف هرز گاوپنبه در دو رقم سویا با 5% کاهش عملکرد مجاز بین مراحل دو برگی (14 روز پس از کاشت، معادل 260 CGDD) تا اوایل گلدهی (51 روز پس از کاشت، معادل 943 CGDD) قرار دارد و در هر دو رقم با در نظر گرفتن 10% کاهش عملکرد مجاز دوره بحرانی بین مراحل سه برگی (18 روز پس از کاشت، 320 CGDD) و شش برگی (41 روز پس از کاشت، 752 CGDD) می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سویا؛ گاوپنبه؛ اجزا عملکرد؛ دوره رقابت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Timing of Velvetleaf Management in Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merrill) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra hatami1؛ nasser latifi2؛ hossein rezvani2؛ ebrahim zeinali2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic) is one of the most important warm season weeds in soybean fields. To the aim of this study is to determine the critical period of velvetleaf control in two cultivars of soybean, Williams as indeterminate and Persian as determinate,with different growth patterns. . Theexperiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Iran in 2007 using a randomized complete block design along with four replicates. The experiments consisted of two sets of treatments; one set was to keep the plot weed-free until the growth stages of 2- leaf (V2), 4- leaf (V4), 6- leaf (V6) stages, beginning of flowering (R1) and beginning of pod set (R3). The second set was interference treatments that velvetleaf was allowed to grow within the plot throughout the above-mentioned growth stages. Weedy and weed-free checks were also included in the study. The effect of control treatments were significant on final height, branch number per plant, leaf area index, dry matter, yield, and pod number per plant, while seed number in pod and 100-seed weights of soybean were not significantly affected. The effects of interference treatments were significant on all traits except 100-seed weights. Using the Gompertz and Logistic equations it was found that the critical period of controlling velvetleaf in both cultivars under study, considering 5% allowed decrease in yield, was between 260 to 943 CGDD or 14-51 DAE, which is approximately from 2-leaf stage to beginning of flowering. With a 10% allowed decrease, is the number would be between 320 to 752 CGDD or 18-41 DAE, which is approximately 3 to 6-leaf growth stage for both cultivars. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soybean, velvetleaf, Yield component, competitive periods | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adams, M. W. 1967. Basis of yield component compensation in crop plants with special reference to the field bean, Phaseoulus vulgaris. Crop Science 7:505-510. Adelusi, A. A., Odufeko, G. T. and Makinde, A. M. 2006. Interference of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. on the Growth and Reproductive Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Merill. Research Journal of Botany 1:85-94. Akey, W. C., Jurik, T. W. and Dekker, J. 1990, Competition for light between velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and soybean (Glycine max). Weed Research 31:63-72. Baghestani, A., Lemieux, C., Leroux, G. D., Baziramakenga, R. and Simard, R. 1999. Determination of allelochemicals in spring cereal cultivars of different competitiveness. Weed Science 47:498-504. Barker, D. C., Knezevic, S. Z. and Lindquist, J. L. 2006. Effect of nitrogen addition Bedmar, F., Manett, P. and Monterubbianesi, G. 1999. Determination of the critical period of weed control in corn using a thermal basis. Pesq. agropec. bras. Vol.34 no.2 Brasília Feb. Bennett, J. P., Adams, M. W. and Burga, C. 1977. Pod yield component variation and intercorrelation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. as affected by planting density. Crop Science 17:73-75. Berkowitz, A. R. 1987. Competition for resource in weed-crop mixtures. In "Weed management in agroecosystems: ecological approaches" Altier, M. A., and Liebman, M. (eds.). CRC. Press, Boca Raton. FI. Bhang, V. M. and Kukula, S. 1987. Weeds and their control in chickpea. In: The Chickpea (eds M. C. Saxena, and K. B. Singh). 319-328. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. Burnside, O. C. 1979. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growth as affected by weed removal, cultivar and row spacing. Weed Science 27:562-565. Callaway, M. B. 1990. A compendium of crop varietal tolerance to weeds. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7:169-180. Challaiah, R. E., Ramsel, G. A., Wicks, O. C. and Johnson, V. A. 1983. Evaluation of competitive ability of winter wheat cultivars. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conference 38:85-91. Chhokar, R. S. and Balyan, R. S. 1999. Competition and control of weeds in soybean. Weed Science 47:107-111. Christensen, S. 1995. Weed suppression ability of spring barely varieties. Weed Research 35:241-247. Cousens, R. 1988. Misinterpretation of result in weed research through inappropriate use of statistic. Weed Research 28:281-289. Croster, M. P. and Masiunas, J. B. 1998. The effect of weed-free period and nitrogen on eastern black nightshade competition with English pea. Hort Science 33:88-91. Dawson, J. H. 1986. The concept of period threshold. Pages 327-331 in Proceeding of the European Weed Research Society Symposium.Economic Weed Control. Stuttgart:EWRS. Domiguez, C. and Hume, D. Y. 1978. Flowering, abortion, and yield of early-maturing soybeans at three densities. Agronomy Journal 70:801-805. Eaton, B. J., Russ, O. G. and Feltner, K. C. 1976. Competition of velvetleaf, prickly side, and Venice mallow in soybean. Weed Science 24:224-228. Eik, K. and Hanway, J. J. 1996. Leaf area in relation to the yield of grain corn. Agronomy Journal 58:16-20. Evans, S. P, Knezevic, S. Z., Lindquist, J. L., Shapiro, C. A. 2003a. Influence of nitrogen and duration of weed interference on corn growth and development. Weed Science 51: 546-556. Evans, S. P, Knezevic, S. Z., Lindquist, J. L., Shapiro, C. A. and Blankenship, E. E. 2003b. Nitrogen application influences the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Science 51:408-417. Eyherabide, J.J. and Cendoya, M.G. 2002. Critical period of weed control in soybean for full field and in-furrow interference. Weed Science 50: 162- 166. Fellows, G. M. and Roeth, F. W. 1992. Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Science 40:68-73. Forcella, F. 1987. Tolerance of weed competition associated with high leaf area expansion rate in tall fescue. Crop Science 27:146-147. Gargouri, T. and Seely, C. I. 1972. Competition between spring peas and nine densities of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Soc. Weed Science. Pp. 102-103. Ghosheh, H. Z., Holshouser, D. L. and Chandler, J. M. 1996. Influence of density of Johnsongrass (Sorghum hallepense) interference in field corn (Zea mays). Weed Science 44:879-883. Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York: J. Wiley. Pp. 306-309. Hadizadeh, M. H. and Rahimian, H. 1998. The critical period of weed control in soybean. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 34:25-29. Hagood Jr, E. S., Bauman, T. T., Williams Jr, J. L. and Schreiber, M. M. 1980. Growth analysis of soybean (Glycine max) in competition with velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Science 28:729-734. Hall, M. R., Swanton, C. J. and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Science 40: 441-447. Harris, T. C. and Ritter, R. L. 1987. Giant green foxtail (Setaria viridis var. major) and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) competition in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Science 35:663-668. Kelly, J. D., Adams, M. W. and Vamer, G. V. 1987. Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean cultivars. Theor. Appl. Genet 74:516-521. Knezevic, S. Z., Evans, S. P., Blankenship, E. E., Van Acker, R. C. and Lindquist, J. L. 2002. Critical period for weed control: the concept and data analysis. Weed Science 50:773-786. Knezevic, S. Z., Evans, S. P. and Mainz, M. 2003. Row spacing influences the critical timing for weed removal in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technology 17:666-673. Kropff, M. J., Van Kuelen, N. C., Van Laar, H. H. and Schniders, B. J. 1993. The impact of environmental and genetic factors. In "Modeling crop weed interference". Kropff, M. J. and H. H. Van laar (eds.). IRRI Book publisher. Kropff, M. J., Weaver, S. E. and Smits, M. A. 1992. Use of ecophysiological models for crop-weed interference: relation amongst weed density, relative time of weed emergence, relative leaf area and yield loss. Weed Science 40:296-301. Lacroix, L. J. and Staniforth, D. W. 1964. Seed dormancy in velvetleaf. Weeds 12: 171–174. Lindquist, J. L. and Mortensen, D. A. 1998. Tolerance and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) suppressive ability of two old and two modern corn (Zea mays) hybrids. Weed Science 46:569-574. Lindquist, J. L., Mortensen, D. A. and Johnson, B. E. 1998. Mechanism of corn tolerance and velvetleaf suppressive ability. Agronomy Journal 90:787-792. Lomis, R. S., Williams, W. A., Duncan, W. G., Dovrat, A. and Nunez, F. 1968. Quantitative descriptions of foliage display and light absorption in field communities of corn plants. Crop Science 8:352-356. Malik, V. S., Swanton, C. J. and Michaels, T. E. 1993. Interaction of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, row spacing, seed density with annual weeds. Weed Science 41:62-68. Martin, S. G., Van Acker, R. C. and Friesen, L. F. 2001. Critical period of weed control in spring canola. Weed Science 49:326-333. Ngouajio, M., McGiffen, M. E. Jr. and Hembree, K. J. 2001. Tolerance of tomato cultivars to velvetleaf interference. Weed Science 49:91-98. Nieto, J. H., Brando, M. A. and Gonzalez, J. T. 1968. Critical period of the crop growth cycle for competition from weeds. PANS 14:159-166. Orwick, P. L. and Schreiber, A. S. 1979. Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and robust foxtail (Setaria viridis Var.) in soybeans (Glycine max L.). Weed Science 27:665-674. Rajcan, I. and Swanton, C. J. 2001. Understanding maize-weed competition: resource competition light and the whole plant. Field Crop Research 71:139-150. Ratkowsky, D. A. 1990. Handbook of Nonlinear Regression Models. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA. Regnier, E. E. and Harrison, S. K. 1993. Compensatory responses of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to partial shading. Weed Science 41:541-547. Rose, S. J., Burnside, O. C., Specht, J. E. and Swisher, B. A. 1984. competition and allelopathy between soybean and weeds. Agronomy Journal 76:523-528. SAS Institute (1998) SAS/STAT. Guide for Personal Computer, Release 6.04. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Selleck, G. W. and Dallyn, S. L. 1978. Herbicide treatments and potato cultivar interaction. Proc. Northeast Weed Science. Soc 32:152-156. Staniforth. D. W. 1962. Responses of soybean varieties to weed competition. Agronomy Journal 54:11-13. Stoller, E. W., Harrison, S. K., Wax, L. W., Reginer, E. E. and Nafziger, E. D. 1987. Weed interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Rev. Weed Science 3:155-181. Stoller, E. W. and Woolley, J. T. 1985. Competition for light by broadleaf weeds in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Science 33:199-202. Strahan, R. E., Griffin, J. L., Reynolds, D. B. and Miller, D. K. 2000. Interference between Rottboellia cochinchinensis and zea mays. Weed Science 48:205-211. Swanton, C. J. and Weise, S. F. 1991. Integrated weed management: The rational and approach. Weed Technology 5:648-656. Sweet, R. D., Yip, C. P. and Sieczka, J. B. 1974. Crop cultivars: can suppress weeds? N. Y. Food Life Science Q 7:3-5. Tingle, C. H. and Steele, G. L. 2003. Competition and control of smellmelon (Cucumis melo var. dudaim Naud.) in cotton. Weed Science 51:586-591. Tollenear, M., Daynard, T. B. and Hunter, R. B. 1979. Effect of temperature on rate of leaf appearance and flowering date in maize. Crop Science 19:363-366. Traore, S., Lindquist, J. L., Mason, S. C., Martin, A. R. and Mortensen, D. A. 2003. Comparative ecophysiology of grain sorghum and Abutilon theophrasti in monoculture and in mixture. Weed Research 42:65-75. VanAcer, R. C. 1992. The critical period in soybean and the influence of weed interference on soybean growth. M. S. Thesis Univ. Guelph, On. pp.104. VanAcer, R. C., Weise, C. F. and Swanton, C. J. 1993a. Influence of interference from a mixed weed species stand on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73:1293-1304. Van Acker, R. C., Weise, S. F. and Swanton, C. J. 1993b. The critical period of weed control in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weed Science 41:194-200. Warwick, S. I. and Black, L. D. 1988. The biology of Canadian weeds. 90. Abutilon theophrasti. Canadian. Journal of Plant Science 68:1069-1085. Weaver, S. E. 1984. Critical period of weed competition in three vegetable crops in relation to management practices. Weed Research 24:317-325. Weaver, S. E., Kropff, M. J. and Groeneveld, R. M. W. 1992. Use of ecophysiological models for crop-weed interference: The critical period of weed interference. Weed Science 40: 302-307. Weaver, S. E. and Tan, C. S. 1983. the critical period of weed interference in transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum): growth analysis. Weed Science 31:476-481. Wicks, G. A., Nordquist, P. T., Hanson, G. E. and Schmidt, J. W. 1994. Influence ofwinter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on weed control in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Weed Science 42:27-34. Williams, C. S. and Hayes, R. M. 1984. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) competition in soybean (Glycine max L). Weed Science 32:498-501. Woolley, B. L., Michaels, T. E., Hall, M. R. and Swanton, C. J. 1993. The critical period of weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Science 41:180-184. Yip, C. P., Sweet, R. D. and Sieczka, J. B. 1974. competitive ability potato cultivars with major weeds. Proc. Northeast Weed Science 35:271-281. Zimdahl, R. L. 1988. The concept and application of the critical weed-free period. Pages 145-155 in M. A. Altiere and M. Libman, ed. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Application. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press. Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed Crop Competition: A Review. Corvallis, OR: International Plant Protection Center. 196p. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,277 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,549 |
||