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رابطه صفات نموی با عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) تحت شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی آخر فصل | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 129، اسفند 1399، صفحه 84-107 اصل مقاله (708.64 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.343422.1484 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| غلامحسین احمدی* | ||
| بخش تحقیقات زراعی-باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، اموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرماتشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با هدف تعیین رابطه بین صفات نموی و عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم(Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل، تعداد 154 لاین گندم دوروم در شرایط قطع آبیاری از مرحله چکمه ای (Z, 4.5) در سال زراعی 92-1391 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اسلام آبادغرب کشت شدند. بر اساس تنوع در تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله و رسیدن فیزیولوژیک تعداد 39 ژنوتیپ گزینش و در سال زراعی 93-1392 همراه با رقم ساجی در شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل و آبیاری نرمال کشت شدند. روند تغییرات مراحل نموی جوانه انتهایی ساقه اصلی با نمونه گیری‌های متوالی تا مرحله تشکیل سنبلچه انتهایی با کالبد شکافی انجام و ثبت شد. لاین ها برای طول مراحل نموی تنوع بالایی نشان دادند. در لاین‌های سریع الرشد برجستگی های دوگانه و سنبلچه انتهایی بترتیب با حداقل 475 و 691 درجه روز رشد ظاهر شدند. در شرایط بدون تنش، افزایش طول دوره لازم تا ظهور برجستگی دوگانه، سبب افزایش طول مراحل نموی تا گرده‌افشانی و افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، افزایش طول مرحله رویشی تا برجستگی دوگانه، عملکرد دانه را کاهش داد. افزایش مجموع زمان تغییر مرحله رویشی به زایشی سبب کاهش طول مرحله طویل شدن ساقه، افزایش زمان تا ظهور برگ پرچم وکاهش عملکرد دانه شد.در مجموع، تنش خشکی سبب کاهش دوره رشد و نمو و عملکرد دانه شد. کاهش عملکرد دانه بسته به ژنوتیپ متفاوت بود. ژنوتیپ‌های با دوره رویشی کوتاه‌تر و واجد توان تغییر سریع مرحله رویشی به زایشی در شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل عملکرد دانه بهتری داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| برجستگی دوگانه؛ طویل شدن ساقه؛ گندم دوروم؛ مرحله رویشی؛ مرحله زایشی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Relationship of developmental traits and grain yield on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under terminal drought stress condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Gholamhossein Ahmadi | ||
| Horticulture crops research dep., Kermanshah agricultural and natural resource research and education center, ARREO, Kermanshah, Iiran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The 154 durum wheat lines obtained from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were investigated under TDS conditions at Islamabad Agricultural Research Station across 2013-14. According to variation of days to heading, DHE, and days to maturity, DMA, 39 lines selected and investigated along with Saji cultivar as check under normal irrigation and TDS conditions in 2014-15. The experiments were conducted at Islamabad-e Gharb Agricultural Research Station, Kermanshah province, Iran. Transition trend of apex of main stem including: vegetative, double ridges, glum, spikelet, florets and terminal spikelet initiation was investigated and recorded by successive sampling and dissection sampled plants until the terminal spikelet formation. Each plot consisted of 2 rows, 2 m length with 32.5cm row spacing. Seed density was considered 450 seeds per m2. Sowing was done by hand. Irrigation cut was at booting stage (Z , 4.5) of crop. Statical analysis wrere done by MSTATC and SAS9.1. In most early lines, at least 475 and 691 growing degree days, GDD, equal to 105 and 132 days after planting ,DAP, needed to reach double ridge ,DR, and terminal spikelet stages, TS, respectively. Genotypes showed high variation for the duration of DR to TS and from 259 up to 339 GDD, equal to 35-57 days. Terminal drought reduced Stem elongation duration, SE, (from DR to anthesis) by 32 GDD, equal to 2 days. At least 96 mg/plant of dry matter was critical for stat of transition. Totally, genotypes showed high variation for duration of developmental stages. In optimum irrigation the duration of vegetative phase, VP, increased and led to increase of glum initiation, floret initiation, terminal spikelet formation, flag leaf stage, FL, anthesisi, ANTH ,STEL and GY. Increase of transition lenght, TL, resulted in decrease of STEL and showed negative correlation with GY. The life cycle duration , GY and GFR increased with increases of TL. Any increase in developmental stages up to FL increased growth cycle and improved GY. Extending the length of VP to DR led to reduction of GY under terminal drought stress condition. Any increase in duration of developmental stages led to reduction of STEL, FL and coincidence of filling period with terminal drought stress, and hence GY reduction. There was high variation among genotypes for response to terminal drought stress and GY reduction. Genotypes with shorter VP and high development rate headed early and benefited from adequate time for grain filling which contributed to higher GY. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Developmental stages, Double ridges, Terminal spikelet, Transition phase, Yield reduction | ||
| مراجع | ||
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