| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,069 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,253 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,024,538 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,954,497 |
رابطه صفات نموی با عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) تحت شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی آخر فصل | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 129، اسفند 1399، صفحه 84-107 اصل مقاله (708.64 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2021.343422.1484 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| غلامحسین احمدی* | ||
| بخش تحقیقات زراعی-باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، اموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرماتشاه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با هدف تعیین رابطه بین صفات نموی و عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم(Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل، تعداد 154 لاین گندم دوروم در شرایط قطع آبیاری از مرحله چکمه ای (Z, 4.5) در سال زراعی 92-1391 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اسلام آبادغرب کشت شدند. بر اساس تنوع در تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله و رسیدن فیزیولوژیک تعداد 39 ژنوتیپ گزینش و در سال زراعی 93-1392 همراه با رقم ساجی در شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل و آبیاری نرمال کشت شدند. روند تغییرات مراحل نموی جوانه انتهایی ساقه اصلی با نمونه گیری‌های متوالی تا مرحله تشکیل سنبلچه انتهایی با کالبد شکافی انجام و ثبت شد. لاین ها برای طول مراحل نموی تنوع بالایی نشان دادند. در لاین‌های سریع الرشد برجستگی های دوگانه و سنبلچه انتهایی بترتیب با حداقل 475 و 691 درجه روز رشد ظاهر شدند. در شرایط بدون تنش، افزایش طول دوره لازم تا ظهور برجستگی دوگانه، سبب افزایش طول مراحل نموی تا گرده‌افشانی و افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، افزایش طول مرحله رویشی تا برجستگی دوگانه، عملکرد دانه را کاهش داد. افزایش مجموع زمان تغییر مرحله رویشی به زایشی سبب کاهش طول مرحله طویل شدن ساقه، افزایش زمان تا ظهور برگ پرچم وکاهش عملکرد دانه شد.در مجموع، تنش خشکی سبب کاهش دوره رشد و نمو و عملکرد دانه شد. کاهش عملکرد دانه بسته به ژنوتیپ متفاوت بود. ژنوتیپ‌های با دوره رویشی کوتاه‌تر و واجد توان تغییر سریع مرحله رویشی به زایشی در شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل عملکرد دانه بهتری داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| برجستگی دوگانه؛ طویل شدن ساقه؛ گندم دوروم؛ مرحله رویشی؛ مرحله زایشی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Relationship of developmental traits and grain yield on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under terminal drought stress condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Gholamhossein Ahmadi | ||
| Horticulture crops research dep., Kermanshah agricultural and natural resource research and education center, ARREO, Kermanshah, Iiran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The 154 durum wheat lines obtained from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were investigated under TDS conditions at Islamabad Agricultural Research Station across 2013-14. According to variation of days to heading, DHE, and days to maturity, DMA, 39 lines selected and investigated along with Saji cultivar as check under normal irrigation and TDS conditions in 2014-15. The experiments were conducted at Islamabad-e Gharb Agricultural Research Station, Kermanshah province, Iran. Transition trend of apex of main stem including: vegetative, double ridges, glum, spikelet, florets and terminal spikelet initiation was investigated and recorded by successive sampling and dissection sampled plants until the terminal spikelet formation. Each plot consisted of 2 rows, 2 m length with 32.5cm row spacing. Seed density was considered 450 seeds per m2. Sowing was done by hand. Irrigation cut was at booting stage (Z , 4.5) of crop. Statical analysis wrere done by MSTATC and SAS9.1. In most early lines, at least 475 and 691 growing degree days, GDD, equal to 105 and 132 days after planting ,DAP, needed to reach double ridge ,DR, and terminal spikelet stages, TS, respectively. Genotypes showed high variation for the duration of DR to TS and from 259 up to 339 GDD, equal to 35-57 days. Terminal drought reduced Stem elongation duration, SE, (from DR to anthesis) by 32 GDD, equal to 2 days. At least 96 mg/plant of dry matter was critical for stat of transition. Totally, genotypes showed high variation for duration of developmental stages. In optimum irrigation the duration of vegetative phase, VP, increased and led to increase of glum initiation, floret initiation, terminal spikelet formation, flag leaf stage, FL, anthesisi, ANTH ,STEL and GY. Increase of transition lenght, TL, resulted in decrease of STEL and showed negative correlation with GY. The life cycle duration , GY and GFR increased with increases of TL. Any increase in developmental stages up to FL increased growth cycle and improved GY. Extending the length of VP to DR led to reduction of GY under terminal drought stress condition. Any increase in duration of developmental stages led to reduction of STEL, FL and coincidence of filling period with terminal drought stress, and hence GY reduction. There was high variation among genotypes for response to terminal drought stress and GY reduction. Genotypes with shorter VP and high development rate headed early and benefited from adequate time for grain filling which contributed to higher GY. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Developmental stages, Double ridges, Terminal spikelet, Transition phase, Yield reduction | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Al-Karaki, G. N. 2012. Phenological development-yield relationships in durum wheat cultivars under late-season high-temperature stress in a semiarid environment. International Scholarly Research Network, ISRN Agronomy, 2012: 1-7, ID 456856. Alvaro, F., Isidro, J., Villegas, D., Garcia del Moral, L.F. and Royo, C. 2008. Breeding effect on grain filling, biomass partitioning and remobilization in Mediterranean durum wheat. Agronomy Journal, 100: 361–370. Anonymous, 2015. www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/durum/. Accessed March, 2015. Araus, J. L., Slafer, G. A., Reynolds, M. P., and Royo, C. 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for?. Annals of botany, 89 (7): 925–940. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf049. Boussakouran, A., Sakar, H., Yamani, M., Rharrabti, Y. 2019. Morphological traits associated with drought stress tolerance in six Moroccan durum wheat varieties released between 1984 and 2007. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 22(4): 345-353. Bouzerzour, H., Zerarguli, H. and Hu, I. T. 1995. Relationships among duration of vegetative and grain filling periods' yield components and grain yield in durum wheat. AI Awamis, 89: 25-38. Campoli, C.. and von Korff, M. 2014. Genetic control of reproductive development in temperate cereals. In: Fornara F. (ed.), Advances in botanicalresearch: Vol. 72. The molecular genetics of floral transition and flower development. New York: Academic Press, Pp. 131–158. Farooq, M., Hussain, M., and Siddique, K. H. M. 2014. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain-filling periods, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 33(4): 331-349, DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2014.87529. Gol, L., Tomé, F., and von Korff, M. 2017 .Floral transitions in wheat and barley: interactions between photoperiod, abiotic stresses, and nutrient status. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68(7): 1399–1410. Golabadi, M., Arzani, A., and Mirmohammadi Maibody, S. A. M. 2006. Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating population in durum wheat. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(5): 162-171. Isidro, J., Alvaro, F., Royo, C., Villegas, D., Miralles, D. J., and García del Moral, L. F. 2011. Changes in duration of developmental phases of durum wheat caused by breeding in Spain and Italy during the 20th century and its impact on yield. Annals of Botany, 107(8): 1355–1366. Jalal Kamali R., and Sharifi, R. 2010. Variation in developmental dtages and its relationships with yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars under field conditions: II- Yield and Its Components. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 26(1): 1-23 (In Persian). Jalal Kamali, R., Sharifi, R., Khodarahmi, M., Joukar, R., Torkamaan, H., and Ghavidel, N. 2008. Variation in developmental stages and its relationship with yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars under field conditions: I. Phenology. Seed and Plant , 23(4): 445- 472 (In Persian). Kilic, H., Yagbasanlar, T. 2010. The effect of drought stress on grain yield, yield components and some quality traits of durum wheat (Triticum durum ssp. durum) cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Journal, 38(1): 164-170. Kirby, E. J. M., and Appleyard, M. 1987. Cereal development guide. National Agricultural Centre, Cereal Unit, 79 pp. Landes, A., Porter, J. R. 1989. Comparison of scales used for categrorising the development of wheat, barley, rye and oats., Annals of Applied Biology, 115: 343-360. Liu, H., Able, A .J., and Able, J. A. 2019. Genotypic performance of Australian durum under single and combined water-deficit and heat stress during reproduction. Sci. Rep. 9: 14986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49871-x Ochagavia, H., Prieto, P., Savin, R., Griffiths, S., and Slafer, G. A. 2018. Dynamics of leaf and spikelet primordia initiation in wheat as affected by Ppd-1a alleles under field conditions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 69(10): 2621–2631. Ochagavia, H., Prieto, P., Zikhali, M., Griffiths, S., and Slafer, G. A. 2019. Earliness Per Se by temperature interaction on wheat development. Scientific Report: 9, 2584. Otegui, M. E., and Slafer G. A. 2004. Increasing cereal yield potential by modifying developmental traits. "New directions for a diverse planet". Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, 26 Sep. – 1 Oct., 2004, Brisbane, Australia. www.cropscience.org.au. Royo, C., Villegas, D., Rharrabti, Y., Blanco, R., Martos, V., and García del Moral, L. F. 2006. Grain growth and yield formation of durum wheat grown at contrasting latitudes and water regimes in a Mediterranean environment. Cereal Research Communication, 34: 1021–1028. Schuhwerk, D., Nakhforoosh, A., Kutschka, S., Bodner, G., and Grausgruber, H. 2010. Field-screening of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) for drought tolerance. 61Tagung der Vereinigung der Pflanzenzüchter und Saatgutkauflfl eute Österreichs, 2010: 147-154. Shavrukov, Y., Kurishbayev, A., Jatayev, S., Shvidchenko, V., Zotova, L., and Koekemoer, F. 2017. Early flowering as a drought escape mechanismin plants: how can it aid wheat production? Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 1950–1950. Sinclair, T. R., and Jamieson, P. D. 2008.Yield and grain number of wheat: A correlation or causal relationship?Authors’ response to ‘‘The importance of grain or kernel number in wheat: A reply to Sinclair and Jamieson’’ by R.A. Fischer. Field Crops Research, 105: 22–26. Slafer, G. A., Satorre, E. H., and Andrade, F. H. 1994. Increases in grain yield in bread wheat from breeding and associated physiological changes. In “Genetic improvement of field crops” : Slafer G.A,(Ed.). New York ,Marcel Dekker Inc., Pp: 1–68. Waddington, S. R., Cartwright, P. M., and Wall, P. C. 1983. A quantitative scale of spike initial and pistil development in barley and wheat. Annals of Botany, 51(1): 119–130. Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T., and Konzak, C. F. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14: 415-421. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 596 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 488 |
||