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اثر کشندگی عصاره گیاهان بومادران Achillea millefolium و فراسیون Marrubium vulgare بر بید سیب‌زمینی Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidotera, Gelechiidae) در مقایسه با برخی آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| دوره 40، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84، اسفند 1399، صفحه 339-357 اصل مقاله (998.2 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل، فارسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22117/jesi.2020.126834.1315 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| داود محمدی* 1؛ ناصر عیوضیان کاری1؛ حسن ولیزاده2؛ نازیلا مهین الهوردیزاده1 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از ویژگی حشره کشی ترکیبات گیاهی، با توجه به امنیت نسبی برای انسان و محیط زیست و کارایی قابل توجه آنها از اهمیت روزافزونی برخوردار است. در این بررسی تاثیر عصاره‌های مختلف گیاهان Achillea millefolium L. وMarrubium vulgare L.، در مقایسه با برخی سموم رایج، روی مرحله لاروی بید سیب‌زمینی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. لاروها روی غده‌های سیب‌زمینی در شرایط کنترل شده پرورش یافتند. اندام‌های هوایی گیاهان پس از جمع‌آوری و شستشو، در سایه خشک شده و عصاره‌گیری به روش خیساندن با استفاده از حلال‌های هگزان، اتیل‌استات، متانول و آب انجام شد. برای زیست سنجی، برگهای تازة سیب‌زمینی در غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره‌ها به مدت 5 ثانیه غوطه‌ور، سپس 20 دقیقه در مجاورت هوا خشک شده و در اختیار لاروها قرار گرفت. مرگ و میر لاروها پس از 48 ساعت ثبت شد. نتایج نشان داد، عصارة آبی و اتیل استاتی A. millefoliumبا LC50 معادل 96/2 و 03/44 گرم بر لیتر به ترتیب از بیشترین و کمترین سمیت روی لاروهای سن اول برخوردار بودند. در بررسی حساسیت لاروهای سن دوم مشخص شد، عصارة متانولی A. millefoliumبا LC50 معادل 03/9 گرم بر لیتر و عصارة اتیلاستاتی M. vulgare با LC50 معادل 79/34 گرم بر لیتر به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین سمیت را داشتند. مقایسه اثرات کشندگی عصاره‌ها با حشره‌کش‌های فنوالریت، ایمیداکلوپراید و استامی‌پراید نشان داد که سمیت سموم شیمیایی مورد مطالعه بیشتر از عصاره‌های گیاهان مورد بررسی بود. استامی‌پراید با LC50 معادل 18/0 و 31/0گرم بر لیتر، به ترتیب علیه لاروهای سن اول و دوم، از بیشترین سمیت برخوردار بود ولی پتانسیل نسبی عصاره ها با فنوالریت قابل مقایسه بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اثر کشندگی؛ بید سیب‌زمینی؛ پتانسیل نسبی؛ عصاره متانولی؛ عصاره هگزانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Lethal toxicity of Achillea millefolium and Marrubium vulgare extracts, against potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidotera, Gelechiidae) in comparison with some synthetic pesticides | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| D. Mohammadi1؛ Naser Eivazian Kary1؛ Hassan Valizadeh2؛ N. Mahin Allahverdizadeh1 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Nowadays, use of botanical compounds as pesticides is becoming increasingly important, because of their acceptable efficiency and relative safety to human and environment. The present study aimed to investigate oral toxicity of different extracts of Achillea millefolium L. and Marrubium vulgare L., against larvae of potato tuber moth and compare their potency with some conventional insecticides. Larvae of potato tuber moth, reared on potato tubers in controlled conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as solvents. Foliage of A. millefolium and M. vulgare collected, well washed with distilled water, air dried in shadow then used for extraction. For bioassays fresh potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts for 5 seconds, air dried for 20 minutes. Potato tuber moth larvae transferred on treated leaves. Mortality was recorded after 48 hours. The results revealed that, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. millefolium showed the most and the least toxicity against 1st larval instar, with LC50 values of 2.96 and 44.03 gr/lrespectively. Methanol extract of A. millefolium and ethyl acetate extracts of M. vulgare were more and less toxic against 2nd larval instar of PTM with LC50 values of 9.03 and 34.79 gr/l, respectively. The toxicity comparison of plants extracts with Fenvalerate, Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid showed that, in all cases the synthetic pesticides were more toxic than plant extracts. Acetamiprid with LC50 values of 0.18 and 0.31 gr/l was more toxic than other pesticides against 1st and 2nd larval instars of PTM, respectively but relative potency of plant extracts was comparable with Fenvalerate. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Hexane extract, Lethal toxicity, Methanol extract, Potato Tuber Moth, Relative potency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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