| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,251 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,917 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,567,985 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,691,246 |
اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره آبی سه رقم جو زراعی (Hordeum vulgare) بر جوانه‌زنی و محتوای رنگیزه های علف‌های‌هرزازمک، چاودار و خاکشیر | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| دوره 16، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1399، صفحه 147-156 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2020.1806.1263 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شهره مداینی1؛ عنایت الله توحیدی نژاد* 2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آللوپاتی پدیده‌‌ای طبیعی است که به‌عنوان ابزاری برای کنترل زیستی علف‌های‌هرزو به دنبال آن، افزایش تولید گیاهان زراعی درنظرگرفته میشود. ازآن‌جا‌که گونه‌های گیاهی ازمک (Lepidiumdraba)، چاودار وحشی (Secale cereale) و خاکشیر (Descurainia sophia) جزء مهمترین علف‌های‌هرز مزارع جو استان کرمان میباشند، پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی توانایی آللوپاتیک ارقام نصرت، ماکویی و والفجر جو زراعی (Hordeum vulgare) روی ویژگیهای جوانه‌زنی و رشدی این سه گونه علف‌هرز انجام شد. آزمایش در دو بخش آزمایشگاهی و گلخانهای، به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار، در گلخانه دانشگاه شهید باهنرکرمان انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر، به‌ترتیب به چاودار وحشی (3/98 درصد) و ازمک (0/35) تعلق داشت که تحت تیمار عصاره برگهای رقمهای نصرت و ماکویی قرار داشتند. اگرچه عصاره برگ و ساقه رقم نصرت، تأثیر چندانی بر وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه چاودار وحشی و ازمک نداشت، اما منجر به کاهش شدید 90 و 75 درصدی وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه خاکشیر در مقایسه با شاهد شد. با وجود این‌که چاودار بیشترین حساسیت از لحاظ کلروفیل a و b داشت که به ترتیب توسط ارقام ماکویی و نصرت ایجاد شد، اما بازدارندگی برگ ماکویی بر میزان کاروتنوئید ازمک بیشتر بود. به‌طورکلی، بیشترین اثرات منفی آللوپاتیک عصارههای سه رقم جو، بر رشد علف‌هرز خاکشیر بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آللوپاتی؛ ازمک؛ جو زراعی؛ چاودار؛ خاکشیر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of three barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and pigment content of Whitetop, Rye grass and Flixweed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shohreh Madayeni1؛ Enayatolah Tohidi Nejad2 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In the recent years, the use of allelopathic potential of crop plants in weed management has attracted great attention of many specialists. Since Lepidiumdraba, Secale cereal and Descurainia sophia are among the most important weeds in barley fields in Kerman region, this research was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars (including Nosrat, Macuiee and Valfagr) on germination and growth characteristics of these three weed species. The study was conducted as factorial in completely randomized block design with three replications in both laboratory and greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman, Iran. Results showed that effects of aqueous extracts of vegetative organs of barley cultivars on germination and growth characteristics of weeds were different. Among the weeds treated with different extracts, the highest germination percentage (98.33%) were belonged to S. cereal and D. sophia, which were treated with Nosrat and Makuiee leaves extract. Although leaf and stem extracts of Nosrat cultivar did not have significant effect on stem and root dry weight of S. cereal and L. draba, they resulted in significant decrease of stems and roots dry weight of D. sophia by 75% and 90%, compared to the control, respectively. Although, S. cereal had the highest sensivity in terms of chlorophyll a and b, which were generated by Makuiee and Nosrat cultivars, respectively, the inhibition of Makouei leaf extract was greater on carotenoids content of L.draba. In general, three barley cultivars extracts had the most negative allopathic effects on the growth of D. sophia. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Allelopathy, barley, Descurainia sophia, Lepidium draba, Secale cereal | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Agrawal, R.L. 1991. Seed Technology. Oxford and IBH Publishing. Pp. 305-374. Alam, S.M. and Islam, E.U. 2002. Effect of aqueous extract of leaf, stem and root of nettle leaf goosefoot and NaCl on germination and seedling growth of rice. Pak. J. Sci. Technol. 2: 47-52. Asgharipour, M.R., and Armin, M. 2010. Inhibitory effects of Sorghum halepens root and leaf extracts on germination and early seedling growth of widely used medicinal plants. Adv. Environ. Biol. 4(2): 316-324. Asghari, J., and Tewari, J.P. 2007. Allelopathic potentials of eight barley cultivars on Brassica jucea (L) Czern and Setaria viridis (L) p. Beauv. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 9: 165-176. Ashrafi, Z.Y., Mashhadi, H.R. and Sadeghi, S. 200. Allelopathic effects of barley (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and growth of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Pak. Weed. Sci. Res. 13(1–2): 99–112. Babu, R.C. and Kandasamy, O.S. 1997. Allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus globulus Labill on Cyperus rotundus L. and Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 179(2): 123-126. Baghestani, A., Lemieux, C. Leroux, G.D. and Baziramakenga, R. 1999. Determination of allelochemicals in spring cereal cultivars of different competitiveness. Weed Sci. 47: 498–504. Baghestani, M., G. H. Akbari., A. Atri., and M. Mokhtari. 2003. Effect of competition of Rye on growth, yield and yield components of wheat. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 61 1-10. (in persian). Bertholdsson, N. O. 2004. Variation in allelopathic activity over 100 years of barley selection and breeding. Weed Res. 44 78–86. Bertin, C., Yang, X., and Weston, L.A. 2003. The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere, Plant Soil. 256: 67–83. Berhow, M.A., and Vaughn, S. R. 1999. Higher plant flavonoids: biosynthesis and chemical ecology. In: Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology – Allelochemical Interactions (Eds., Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, and C.L. Foy), pp. 423-438. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Bhadoria, P. B. 2011. Allelopathy: a natural way towards weed management. Am. J. Ex. Agricult. 1(1): 7-20. Bhowmik, P.C. and Inderjit. 2003. Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Prot. 22: 661–671. Chi-Ming, Y., Chyoung-Ni, L. and Chang-Hung, C. 2002. Effect of three allelopathic phenolics on chlorophyll accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa) seedling: I. Inhibition of supply- orientation. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica. 43: 299-304. Creamer, N.G., Bennett, N.A. Stinner, B.R. Cardina, J. and Regnier, E.E. 1996. Mechanisms of weed suppression in cover crop-based production systems. HortScience. 31: 410-413. El-Rokiek, K.G.I., and Eid, R.A. 2009. Allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus citriodora on Amaryllis and associated grassy weed. Planta Daninha. 27: 887- 899. Fujii, Y. 2001. Screening and future exploitation of allelopathic plant as alternative herbicides with special reference to hairy vetch. J. Crop Prot. 4: 257–275. Gubbels, G.H. and Kenaschuk, E.O. 1989. Agronomic performance of flax grown on canola, barley and flax stubble with and without tillage prior to seeding. Can. J. Plant Sci. 69: 31–38. Hassannejad, S., Porheidar Ghafari, S. and Lotfi, R. 2013. Allelopathic effects of wheat and barley on emergence and seedling growth of some weed species. Int. J. Biosci. 3(1): 128-134. Hegab, M.M., Khodary, S.E.A., Hammouda, O. and Ghareib, H.R. 2008. Autotoxicity of chard and its allelopathic potentiality on germination and some metabolic activities associated with growth of wheat seedling. Afric. J. Biotech. 7: 884-892. Herro, J.L., and Callawa, R.M.. 2003. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion. Plant Soil. 256: 29-39. Iqbal, J., Cheema, Z.A. and Mushtaq, M. N. 2009. Allelopathic crop water extracts reduce the herbicide dose for weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11: 360–366. Khoda bandeh, N. 2005. Cereals. Eighth Edition. Tehran University Press. 538 Pp (In Persian). Kremer, R. and Ben-Hammouda, M.2009. Allelopathic plants. 19. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Allelopathy J. 24(2): 225 242. Kruse, M., Strandberg, M. and Strandberg, B. 2000. Ecological effects of allelopathic plants. A review. Department of Terrestrial Ecology. Silkeborg, Denmark, Rep. No. 315. Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Meth. Enzymol. 148: 350-382. Mesbah, A.O. and Miller, S. D. 1999. Fertilizer placement affects jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) competition in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed. Technol. 13: 374-377. Mighani, F., Khalghani, J., Ghorbanli, M. and Najaf Pour, M. 2006. Study of allelopathic potential of trifolium resupinatum and T. alexandrium on seed germination of Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Secale cereal and Sinapis arvensis. Pests plant dis. 74(1): 81-101. Molina-Cato, J.L., Igartua, E., Casas, A.M. and Moralejo, M. 2002. New views on the origin of cultivated barley. In: Barley Science (Eds., G.A. Slafer, J.L. Molina-Cano, R. Savin, J.L. Araus and I. Romagosa), pp. 15-29. Food Products Press. Binghamton. NY. Naseem, M., Aslam, M. Ansar, M. and Azhar, M. 2009. Allelopathic effects of sunflower water extract on weed control and wheat productivity. Pakistan J. Weed Sci. Res. 15(1): 107-116. Nielsen, K.A., Olsen, C.E. Pontoppidan, K. and Moller, B.L. 2002. Leucine-derived cyano glucosides in barley. Plant Physiol. 129: 1066-1075. Olofsdotter, M., Nevarez, M.., Rebulanan, M. and Streibig, J.C. 1999. Weed-suppressing rice cultivars-does allelopathy play a role? Weed Res. 39: 441–454. Om, H., Dhiman, S.D., Kumar, S., and Kuma, H. 2002 Allelopathic response of Phalaris minor to crop and weed plants in rice–wheat system. Crop Prot. 21: 699–705. Poehlman, J.M. 1985. Adaptation and distribution. In: Barley (Ed., D.C. Rasmussen) pp. 1-18. American Society of Agronomy. Madison. WI. Rashed Mohasel, M.H., Najafi, A.., and Akbarzadeh, M.D. 2006. Weed Biology and Control. Ferdowsi University. Press. Mashhad. 404 Pp. Rice, E.L. 1984. Allelopathy. 2nd Ed. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. 422 Pp. Siddiqui, Z.S., and Zaman, A.U. 2005. Effects of Capsicum leachates on germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll accumulation in Vigna radiata L. Wilczek. seedlings. Pakistan J. Bot. 37: 941- 947. Von Bothmer, R. and Jacobsen, N. 1985. Origin, taxonomy and related species. In: Barley (Ed., D.C. Rasmussen) pp. 19-56. American Society of Agronomy. Madison. WI. Vyvyan, J.R. 2002. Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron. 58: 1631-1646. Wu, H., Haig, T., Prately, J., Lemerle, D. and An, M. 2000. Distribution and exudation of allelochemicals in wheat (triticum aestivum). J. Chem. Ecol. 26: 2141–2154. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 635 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 727 |
||