Nutritional effect of silicon on morphological characteristics and essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under cadmium toxicity | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| Article 13, Volume 36, Issue 6 - Serial Number 104, January and February 2021, Pages 1052-1068 PDF (843.29 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijmapr.2021.343457.2812 | ||
| Authors | ||
| J. Gheshlaghpour1; R. Khademian* 2; B. Asghari3; B. Sedaghati4 | ||
| 1M.Sc. student, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| To evaluate the silicon effects on morphological characteristics as well as the percentage and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil under cadmium stress, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The treatments included cadmium metal (Cd) as the first factor at three levels of 0, 25, and 50 mg kg-1 soil and silicon (Si) as the second factor with concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 mM. The characteristics including root length, fresh and dry weight of roots, plant height, fresh and dry weight of stems, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight of leaves, number of buds, number of sub-stems, and percentage and composition of essential oil were evaluated. The results showed that Cd had negative effects on all studied morphological characteristics and significantly decreased their values compared to the control. However, Si treatment improved all these traits and with increasing the concentration of this element, a significant increase in the values of these traits was observed. Application of Si in the concentration of 2 mM caused 63.8, 81, 61, and 61% increase in the number of sub-stems, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight, and number of buds compared to the control, respectively. The amounts of five major constituents of basil essential oil including 1,8-cineole, linalool, estragole, methyl eugenol, and eugenol were affected significantly with the Cd and Si treatments. However, the interaction of these two treatments showed a significant effect only on the three compounds 1,8-cineole, linalool, and methyl eugenol. The maximum amounts of 1,8-cineole (5.06%) and methyl eugenol (6.21%) were observed in the plants which simultaneously exposed to the highest concentrations of Cd and Si. The amount of linalool was also decreased with the presence of Cd and increased with the Si treatment. The Cd treatment increased the amount of estragole by 12.8% and decreased the amount of eugenol by 25.2%. The Si treatment also increased the amount of estragole by 23.9% and decreased the amount of eugenol by 18.3%. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.); heavy metal stress; morphological characteristics; essential oil | ||
| References | ||
|
- Adams, R.P., 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing, 804p. - Adrees, M., Shafaqat, A., Rizwan, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F., Farid, M., Farooq Qayyum, M. and Irshad M.K., 2015. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 119: 186-197. - Afshan, S., Shafaqat, A., Bharwana, S.A., Rizwan, M., Farid, M., Abbas, F., Ibrahim, M., Mehmood, M.A. and Abbasi, G.H., 2015. Citric acid enhances the phytoextraction of chromium, plant growth, and photosynthesis by alleviating the oxidative damages in Brassica napus L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(15): 11679-11689. - Al Abbasy, D.W., Pathare1, N., Al-Sabahi, J.N. and Khan, S.A., 2015. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated from Omani basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(8): 645-649. - Ali, S., Farooq, M.A., Yasmeen, T., Hussain, S., Arif, M.S., Abbas, F., Bharwana, S.A. and Zhang, G.P., 2013. The influence of silicon on barley growth, photosynthesis and ultra-structure under chromium stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 89: 66-72. - Ali, S., Chaudhuri, A., Ruzwan, M., Anwar, H.T., Adrees, M., Farid, M., Irshad, M.K., Hayat, T. and Anjum, S.A., 2015. Alleviation of chromium toxicity by glycine betaine is related to elevated antioxidant enzymes and suppressed chromium uptake and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(4): 10669-10678. - Amirmoradi, S., Moghaddam, P.R., Koocheki, A., Danesh, S. and Fotovat, A., 2012. Effect of cadmium and lead on quantitative and essential oil traits of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 4: 101-109. - Asgharipour, M.R. and Mosapour, H., 2016. A foliar application silicon enhances drought tolerance in fennel. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 26: 1056-1062. - Azzaz, A.A., Jellali1, S., Bengharez, Z., Bousselmi1, L. and Akrout, H., 2018. Investigations on a dye desorption from modified biomass by using a low-cost eluent: hysteresis and mechanisms exploration. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16: 7393-7408. - Bahcesular, B., Yildirim, E.D., Karaçocuk, M., Kulak, M. and Karamana, S., 2020. Seed priming with melatonin effects on growth, essential oil compounds and antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under salinity stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 146: 112165. - Bradacova, K., Weber, N.F., Morad-Talab, N., Asim, M., Imran, M., Weinmann, M. and Neumann, G., 2016. Micronutrients (Zn/Mn), seaweed extracts, and plant growth-promoting bacteria as cold-stress protectants in maize. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 3: 19. - Chen, D., Chen, D., Xue, R., Long, J., Lin, X., Lin, Y., Jia, L., Zeng, R. and Song, Y., 2019. Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 367: 447-455. - Clarke, S., 2008. Composition of essential oils and other materials: 123-229. In: Clarke, S., (Ed.). Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy Churchill Livingstone, 302p. - Davoodi, M., Esmaielpour, B., Fatemi H. and Maleki Lajayer, H., 2018. Effect of silicon nutrition on alleviation the detrimental effects of nickel stress in (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 7(24): 25-38. - Demidchik, V., 2018. ROS-activated ion channels in plants: biophysical characteristics, physiological functions and molecular nature. International Journal of Molecular Science,19(4): 1263. - Dresler, S., Wójcik, M., Bednarek, W., Hanaka, A. and Tukiendorf, A., 2015. The effect of silicon on maize growth under cadmium stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 62: 86-92. - Fattahi, B., Arzani, K., Souri, M.K. and Barzegar, M., 2019. Effects of cadmium and lead on seed germination, morphological traits, and essential oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Industrial Crops & Products, 138: 111584. - Fattahi, B., Arzani, K., Souri, M.K. and Barzegar, M., 2020. Effect of cadmium and lead on morpho-physiological traits and Photosynthesis of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 50(4): 839-849. - Filip, S., 2017. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) a source of valuable phytonutrients. International Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, 3(118): 1-5. - Fuentes, D., Disante, K.B., Valdecantos, A., Cortina, J. and Vallejo, V.R., 2007. Response of Pinus halepensis Mill.seedlings to biosolids enriched with Cu, Ni and Zn in three Mediterranean forest soils. Environmental Pollution, 145: 316-323. - Ghorbanpour, M., Asgari Lajayer, H. and Hadian, J., 2016. Influence of copper and zinc on growth, metal accumulation and chemical composition of essential oils in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 15: 132-144. - Gill, M., 2014. Heavy metal stress in plants: a review. International Journal of Advanced Research,2(6): 1043-1055. - Gilli, R.A., Zang, L., Ali, B., Farooq, M.A., Cui, P., Yang, S. and Zhou, W., 2015. Chromium-induced physio-chemical and ultrastructural changes in four cultivars of Brassica napus L. Chemosphere, 120: 154-164. - Gonçalves, J.F., Antes, F.G., Maldaner, J., Pereira, L.B., Tabaldi, L.A., Rauber, R., Rossato, L.V., Bisognin, D.A., Dressler, V.L. and de Moraes Flores, E.M., 2009. Cadmium and mineral nutrient accumulation in potato plantlets grown under cadmium stress in two different experimental culture conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 814-821. - Gu, H.H., Qiu, H., Tian, T., Zhan, S.S., Chaney, R.L. and Wang, S.Z., 2011. Mitigation effects of silicon rich amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted on multi-metal contaminated acidic soil. Chemosphere, 83: 1234-1240. - Hossain, M.A., Piyatida, J., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. and Fujita, M., 2012. Molecular mechanism of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance in plants: central role of glutathione in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal and in heavy metal chelation. Journal of Botany,872875: 37p. - Hussain, I., Ashraf, M.A., Rasheed, R., Asghar, A., Sajid, M.A. and Iqbal, M., 2015. Exogenous application of silicon at the boot stage decreases accumulation of cadmium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 38: 223-234. - Jayasinghe, C., Gotoh, N., Aoki, T. and Wada, S., 2003. Phenolics composition and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51: 4442-4449. - Juliani, H.R. and Simon, J.E., 2002. Antioxidant Activity of Basil. Trends in New Crops and New Uses. Proceedings of the Fifth National Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 10-13 November: 575-579. - Kalteh, M., Alipour, Z.T., Ashraf, S., Marashi Aliabadi, M. and Falah Nosratabadi, A., 2014. Effect of silica nanoparticles on basil (Ocimum basilicum) under salinity stress. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 4: 49-55. - Keller, C., Rizwan, M., Davidian, J.C., Pokrovsky, O.S., Bovet, N., Chaurand, P. and Meunier, J.D., 2015. Effect of silicon on wheat seedling (Triticum turgidum L.) grown in hydroponics and exposed to 0 to 30 mM Cu. Planta, 241: 847-860. - Kidd, P.S., Liugany, M., Poschenrieder, C., Gunsé, B. and Barceló, J., 2001. The role of root exudates in aluminum resistance and silicon-induced amelioration of aluminum toxicity in three varieties of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 52:1339-1352. - Kranner, I. and Colville, L., 2011. Metals and seeds: biochemical and molecular implications and their significance for seed germination. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 72: 93-105. - Li, J., Leisner, M. and Frantz, J., 2008. Alleviation of copper toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana by silicon addition to hydroponic solutions. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 133: 670-677. - Li, Q., Cai, S., Mo, C., Chu, B., Peng, L. and Yang, F., 2010. Toxic effects of heavy metals and their accumulation in vegetables grown in a saline soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73(1): - Li, P., Song, A., Li, Z., Fan, F. and Liang, Y., 2013. Silicon ameliorates manganese toxicity by regulating manganese transport and antioxidant reactions in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant and Soil, 354: 407-419. - Ling Chang, C., Kyu Cho, I. and Li, Q.X., 2009. Insecticidal activity of basil oil, trans-anethole, estragole, and linalool to adult fruit flies of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and Bactrocera cucurbitae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102: 203-209. - Molassiotis, A., Tanouc, G., Diamantidis, G. and Patakas, A., 2006. Effects of 4-month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism photosynthetic gas exchange chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant defense in two peach root stock differing in Fe deficiency tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163: 176-185. - Pandey, G. and Madhuri, S., 2014. Heavy metals causing toxicity in animals and fishes. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 2(2): 17-23. - Pandey, J., Verma, R.K. and Singh, S., 2019. Suitability of aromatic plants for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas: a review. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(5): 405-418. - Pradas-del-Real, A.E., García-Gonzalo, P., Alarcón, R., González-Rodríguez, A., Lobo, M.C. and Pérez-Sanz, A., 2013. Effect of genotype, Cr (III) and Cr (VI) on plant growth and micronutrient status in Silene vulgaris (Moench). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(3): 685-694. - Pirzadah, T.B., Malik, B., Tahir, I., Irfan, Q.M. and Rehman R.U., 2018. Characterization of mercury-induced stress biomarkers in Fagopyrum tataricum plants. International Journal of Phytoremediation,20(3): 225-236. - Pirzadah, T.B., Malik, B. and Ahmad Dar, F., 2019. Phytoremediation potential of aromatic and medicinal plants: A way forward for green economy. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 15(3): 62-75. - Prasad, A., Kumar, S., Khaliq, A. and Pandey, A., 2011. Heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alter the yield and chemical composition of volatile oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 47(8): 853. - Poschenrieder, C.H. and Barcelo, J., 2004. Water relations in heavy metal stressed plants: 207-229. In: Prasad, M.N.V. and Hagemeyer, J., (Eds.). Heavy Metal Stress in Plants, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 401p. - Rehman, M.Z.U., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Ok, Y.S., Ishaque, W., Saifullah, Nawaz, M.F., Akmal, F. and Waqar, M. 2017. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by using Solanum nigrum: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 143: 236-248. - Scora, R.W. and Chang, A.C., 1997. Essential oil quality and heavy metal concentrations of peppermint grown on a municipal sludge-amended soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 26(4): 975-979. - Shanker, K.A., Cervantes, C., Loza-Taversa, H. and Avudainayagam, S., 2005. Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment International, 31:739-753. - Shen, X., Xiao, X., Dong, Z. and Chen, Y., 2014. Silicon effects on antioxidative enzymes and Lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of peanut under aluminum stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36: 3063-3069. - Singh, S., Singh, V.P., Prasad, S.M., Sharma, S., Ramawat, N., Dubey, N.K., Tripathi, D.K. and Chauhan, D.K., 2019. Interactive effect of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) in maize seedlings and their mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) toxicity alleviation. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38: 1587-1597. - Tanrıkulu, G.İ., Ertürk, Ö., Yavuz, C., Can, Z. and Çakır, H.E., 2018. Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and extracts of Lamiaceae family (Ocimum basilicum and Thymbra spicata) from Turkey. International Journal of Secondary Metabolites, 4: 340-348. - Tarchoune, I., Baâtour, O., Harrathi, J., Cioni, P.L., Lachaâl, M., Flamini, G. and Ouerghi, Z., 2013. Essential oil and volatile emissions of basil - Tashakorizadeh, M. and Saeidnejad, A.H., 2016. Effect of different concentrations chromium (III) on morphological characteristics and essential oil chemical composition of Basil. Water and Soil Science, 27(1): 135-145. - Vaculik, M., Landberg, T., Greger, M., Luxová, M., Stoláriková, M. and Lux, A., 2012. Silicon modifies root anatomy, and uptake and subcellular distribution of cadmium in young maize plants. Annals of Botany, 110(2): 433-443. - Vanderschuren, H., Boycheva, S., Li, K.T., Szydlowski, N., Gruissem, W. and Fitzpatrick, T.B., 2013. Strategies for vitamin B6 biofortification of plants: a dual role as a micronutrient and a stress protectant. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4: 143. - Wang, Y., Stass, A. and Horst, W.J., 2004. Apoplastic binding of aluminum is involved in silicon-induced amelioration of aluminum toxicity in maize. Plant Physiology, 136: 3762-3770. - Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Song, Q., Fang, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Niu, N., Ma, S., Wang, J., Yao, Y., Hu, Z. and Zhang, G., 2018. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes oxidative stress and tapetal apoptosis in chemical hybridization reagent-induced male sterility in wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science,8: 2217. - Yadav, N.P., Meher, J.G., Pandey, N., Luqman, S., Yadav, K.S. and Chanda, D., 2013. Enrichment, development, and assessment of Indian basil oil based antiseptic cream formulation utilizing hydrophilic-lipophilic balance approach. BioMed Research International, 2013, 1-9. - Zargar, S.M., Mahajan, R., Bhat, J.A., Nazir, M. and Deshmuk, R., 2019. Role of silicon in plant stress tolerance: opportunities to achieve a sustainable cropping system. 3 Biotech, 9: 73. - Zhang, C., Wang, L., Nie, Q., Zhang, W. and Zhang, F., 2008. Long-term effects of exogenous silicon on cadmium translocation and toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 62: 300-307. - Zheljazkov, V.D. and Nielsen, N.E., 1996. Studies on the effect of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) upon the growth, productivity and quality of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) production. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 8(3): 259-274. - Zheljazkov, V.D., Craker, L.E. and Xing, B., 2006. Effects of Cd, Pb, and Cu on growth and essential oil contents in dill, peppermint, and basil. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58: 9-16. - Zheljazkov, V.D. and Warman, P.R., 2004. Source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to Swiss chard and basil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33: 542-552. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,058 PDF Download: 774 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb