Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. in conditions of intercropping with bean in Hamedan region

- Amiri, M.B., Moghaddam, P.R., Jahan, M., Salehabadi, M. and Naseri, N., 2017. Effects of plant density and different organic and chemical fertilizers on some phytochemical characteristics of Iranian ox-tongue (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 33(4): 649-662.

- Alizadeh, A., Khoshkhui, M., Javidnia, K., Firuzi, O., Tafazoli, E. and Khalighi, A., 2010. Effects of fertilizer on yield, essential oil composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(1): 33-40.

- Amossé, C., Jeuffroy, M.H., Mary, B. and David, C., 2014. Contribution of relay intercropping with legume cover crops on nitrogen dynamics in organic grain systems. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 98(1): 1-14.

- Ashworth, A.J., Taylor, A.M., Reed, D.L., Allen, F.L., Keyser, P.D. and Tyler, D.D., 2015. Environmental impact assessment of regional switchgrass feedstock production comparing nitrogen input scenarios and legume-intercropping systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87: 227-234.

- Bajeli, J., Tripathi, S., Kumar, A., Tripathi, A. and Upadhyay, R.K., 2016. Organic manures a convincing source for quality production of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 83: 603-606.

- Bargaz, A., Isaac, M.E., Jensen, E.S. and Carlsson, G., 2015. Intercropping of faba bean with wheat under low water availability promotes faba bean nodulation and root growth in deeper soil layers. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 29: 111-112.

- Bedoussac, L. and Justes, E., 2011. A comparison of commonly used indices for evaluating species interactions and intercrop efficiency: Application to durum wheat–winter pea intercrops. Field Crops Research, 124(1): 25-36.‏

- Betencourt, É., 2012. Interactions entre céréale et légumineuse en association et acquisition de phosphore du sol: processus rhizosphériques sous-jacents. Ph.D. CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, France.

- Broughton, W.J., Hernandez, G., Blair, M., Beebe, S., Gepts, P. and Vanderleyden, J., 2003. Beans (Phaseolus spp.)-model food legumes. Plant and Soil, 252(1): 55-128.

- Caliskan, M.E., Kusman, N. and Caliskan, S., 2009. Effects of plant density on the yield and yield components of true potato seed (TPS) hybrids in early and main crop potato production systems. Field Crops Research, 114(2): 223-232.

- Croteau, R., Burbott, A.J. and Loomis, W.D., 1972. Biosynthesis of mono-and sesqui-terpenes in peppermint from glucose-14C and 14CO2. Phytochemistry, 11(8): 2459-2467.‏

- Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B. and Dordas, C.A., 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Reserch, 100: 249-256.

- Duchene, O., Vian, J.F. and Celette, F., 2017. Intercropping with legume for agroecological cropping systems: Complementarity and facilitation processes and the importance of soil microorganisms. A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 240: 148-161.

- Faham, N., Javidnia, K., Bahmani, M. and Amirghofran, Z., 2008. Calycopterin, an immunoinhibitory compound from the extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi. Phytotherapy Research, 22(9): 1154-1158.

- Fallah, S., Rostaei, M., Lorigooini, Z. and Surki, A.A., 2018. Chemical compositions of essential oil and antioxidant activity of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica) in sole crop and dragonhead-soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system under organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Industrial Crops and Products, 115: 158-165.

- Fattahi, M., Nazeri, V., Torras-Claveria, L., Sefidkon, F., Cusido, R.M., Zamani, Z. and Palazon, J., 2013. Identification and quantification of leaf surface flavonoids in wild-growing populations of Dracocephalum kotschyi by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Food Chemistry, 141(1): 139-146.

- Fuente, E., Suárez, S., Lenardis, A. and Poggio, S., 2014. Intercropping sunflower and soybean in intensive farming systems: Evaluating yield advantage and effect on weed and insect assemblages. NJAS- Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 70-71: 47-52.

- Grigulis, K., Lavorel, S., Krainer, U., Legay, N., Baxendale, C., Dumont, M. and Pommier, T., 2013. Relative contributions of plant traits and soil microbial properties to mountain grassland ecosystem services. Journal of Ecology, 101(1): 47-57.

- Hamzei, J. and Babaei, M., 2017. Study of quality and quantity of yield and land equivalent ratio of sunflower in intercropping series with bean. Agroecology, 8(4): 490-504.

- Hashemzadeh, F., Mirshekari, B., Yarnia, M., Rahimzadeh, K.F. and Tarinejad, A., 2014. Effect of bio and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and mycorrhizal colonization percent on Common Dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology (Agriculture Science), 8(3): 257-270.

- Hauggard -Nielsen, H., Gooding, M., Ambus, P., Corre-Hellou, G., Crozat, Y., Dahlmann, C. and Jensen, E.S., 2009. Pea-barley intercropping for efficient symbiotic N2-fixation, soil N acquisition and use of other nutrients in European organic cropping systems. Field Crops Research, 113(1): 64-71.

- Hauggard-Nielsen, H., Jørnsgaard, B., Kinane, J. and Jensen, E.S., 2008. Grain legume-cereal intercropping: the practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 23(1): 3-12.

- Ibrahim, H.M., 2012. Response of some sunflower hybrids to different levels of plant density. APCBEE Procedia, 4: 175-182.

- Jahaniani, F., Ebrahimi, S.A., Rahbar-Roshandel, N. and Mahmoudian, M., 2005. Xanthomicrol is the main cytotoxic component of Dracocephalum kotschyi and a potential anti-cancer agent. Phytochemistry, 66(13): 1581-1592.

- Justes, E., Bedoussac, L., Corre-Hellou, G., Fustec, J., Hinsinger, P., Jeuffroy, M.H. and Pelzer, E., 2014. Les processus de complémentarité de niche et de facilitation déterminent le fonctionnement des associations végétales et leur efficacité pour l'acquisition des ressources abiotiques. Innovations Agronomiques, 40: 1-24.

- Kamali, H., Khodaverdi, E., Hadizadeh, F. and Ghaziaskar, S.H., 2016. Optimization of phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants capacity of pressurized liquid extraction from Dracocephalum kotschyi via circumscribed central composite. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 107: 307-314.

- Khalesro, S., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. and Asgharzadeh, A., 2012. The effect of biological and organic inputs on quantity and quality of essential oil and some elements content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27(4): 551-560.

- Lamien-Meda, A., Nell, M., Lohwasser, U., Börner, A., Franz, C. and Novak, J., 2010. Investigation of antioxidant and rosmarinic acid variation in the sage collection of the genebank in Gatersleben. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(6): 3813-3819.

- Latati, M., Blavet, D., Alkama, N., Laoufi, H., Drevon, J.J., Gerard, F. and Ounane, S.M., 2014. The intercropping cowpea-maize improves soil phosphorus availability and maize yields in an alkaline soil. Plant and Soil, 385(1-2): 181-191.

- Li, H., Shen, J., Zhang, F., Clairotte, M., Drevon, J.J., Le Cadre, E. and Hinsinger, P., 2008. Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.) grown in monocropping and intercropping systems. Plant and Soil, 312(1-2): 139-150.

- Li, J.W., Ding, S.D. and Ding, X.L., 2005. Comparison of antioxidant capacities of extracts from five cultivars of Chinese jujube. Process Biochemistry, 40(11): 3607-3613.

- Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J. and Cheng, S., 2006. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 96(2): 254-260.

- Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A. and Damalas, C.A., 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea–cereal intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 34(4): 287-294.

- Machiani, M.A., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M.R. and Maggi, F., 2018a. Evaluation of competition, essential oil quality and quantity of peppermint intercropped with soybean. Industrial Crops and Products, 111: 743-754.

- Machiani, M.A., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M.R. and Maggi, F., 2018b. Evaluation of yield, essential oil content and compositions of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) intercropped with faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Cleaner Production, 171: 529-537.

- Mehr, A.H., Dahmardeh, M., Khammari, I. and Asgharipoor, M.R., 2017. Effects of tillage systems on changes of soil nutrients, yield and land equivalent ratio in Roselle-Green Gram intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 15(2): 311-322.

- Noori, M., Poorimani, R. and Khodaee, M., 2012. Studies of UV-C Effects on Coronilla varia L. chlorophyll and Flavonoids. Journal of Cell and Tissue, 3(1): 43-53.

- Pandey, V. and Patra, D.D., 2015. Crop productivity, aroma profile and antioxidant activity in Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. under integrated supply of various organic and chemical fertilizers. Industrial Crops and Products, 67: 257-263.

- Oseni, T.O., 2010. Evaluation of sorghum-cowpea intercrop productivity in savanna agro-ecology using competition indices. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(3): 229.-234

- Rechinger, K.H., 1986. Labiatae in Flora Iranica (Vol. 150). Akademische Druck Verlagsantalt, Graz, Austria.

- Rostaei, M., Fallah, S., Lorigooini, Z. and Surki, A.A., 2018. The effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on essential oil, chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of dill (Anethum graveolens) in sole and intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Cleaner Production, 199: 18-26.

- Rusinamhodzi, L., Corbeels, M., Nyamangara, J. and Giller, K.E., 2012. Maize-grain legume intercropping is an attractive option for ecological intensification that reduces climatic risk for smallholder farmers in central Mozambique. Field Crops Research, 136: 12-22.

- Saeidnia, S., Gohari, A.R., Uchiyama, N., Ito, M., Honda, G. and Kiuchi, F., 2004. Two new monoterpene glycosides and trypanocidal terpenoids from Dracocephalum kotschyi. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 52(10): 1249-1250.

- Stoltz, E. and Nadeau, E., 2014. Effects of intercropping on yield, weed incidence, forage quality and soil residual N in organically grown forage maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Field Crops Research, 169: 21-29.

- Swarup, V., Ghosh, J., Ghosh, S., Saxena, A. and Basu, A., 2007. Antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid in an experimental murine model of Japanese encephalitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51(9): 3367-3370.

- Tezcan, F., Gültekin-Özgüven, M., Diken, T., Özçelik, B. and Erim, F.B., 2009. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic, organic acid and sugar content in commercial pomegranate juices. Food Chemistry, 115(3): 873-877.

- Treutter, D., 2005. Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis. Plant Biology, 7(06): 581-591.

- Ulukapi, K. and Ozmen, S.F., 2018. Study of the effect of irradiation (60Co) on M1 plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and determined of proper doses for mutation breeding. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 11(2): 157-161.

- Verma, R.K., Chauhan, A., Verma, R.S., Rahman, L.U. and Bisht, A., 2013. Improving production potential and resources use efficiency of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) intercropped with geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit ex Ait) under different plant density. Industrial Crops and Products, 44: 577-582.

- Wahla, I.H., Ahmad, R.I.A.Z., Ehsanullah, A.A. and Jabbar, A.B.D.U.L., 2009. Competitive functions of components crops in some barley based intercropping systems. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11: 69-72.‏

- Weisany, W., Raei, Y. and Pertot, I., 2015. Changes in the essential oil yield and composition of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as response to Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization and cropping system. Industrial Crops and Products, 77: 295-306.

- Wezel, A., Casagrande, M., Celette, F., Vian, J.F., Ferrer, A. and Peigné, J., 2014. Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34(1): 1-20.

- Xie, B.D. and Wang, H.T., 2006. Effects of light spectrum and photoperiod on contents of flavonoid and terpene in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 30: 51-54.

- Zeinali, H., Hosseini, H. and Shirzadi, M.H., 2014. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvest time on agronomy, essential oil and menthol of Mentha piperita L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 30(3): 486-495.