اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات282
تعداد نشریات سازمان80
تعداد شماره‌ها3,262
تعداد مقالات36,058
تعداد مشاهده مقاله55,181,305
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله94,181,820
غفاری, حیدر, عرب‌خدری, محمود, گرجی, منوچهر. (1400). مروری بر روش‌های تعیین فرسایش قابل‌تحمل خاک: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 13(2), 389-404. doi: 10.22092/ijwmse.2020.342692.1787
حیدر غفاری; محمود عرب‌خدری; منوچهر گرجی. "مروری بر روش‌های تعیین فرسایش قابل‌تحمل خاک: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 13, 2, 1400, 389-404. doi: 10.22092/ijwmse.2020.342692.1787
غفاری, حیدر, عرب‌خدری, محمود, گرجی, منوچهر. (1400). 'مروری بر روش‌های تعیین فرسایش قابل‌تحمل خاک: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 13(2), pp. 389-404. doi: 10.22092/ijwmse.2020.342692.1787
غفاری, حیدر, عرب‌خدری, محمود, گرجی, منوچهر. مروری بر روش‌های تعیین فرسایش قابل‌تحمل خاک: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1400; 13(2): 389-404. doi: 10.22092/ijwmse.2020.342692.1787

مروری بر روش‌های تعیین فرسایش قابل‌تحمل خاک: چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها

مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز
مقاله 12، دوره 13، شماره 2، تیر 1400، صفحه 389-404    اصل مقاله (1010.73 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwmse.2020.342692.1787
نویسندگان
حیدر غفاری* 1؛ محمود عرب‌خدری2؛ منوچهر گرجی3
1استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز- اهواز، ایران
2دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
چکیده
فرسایش قابل­ تحمل خاک مرز بین فرسایش طبیعی و تشدیدی بوده، یکی از اساسی­‌ترین و در عین حال پیچیده‌­ترین موضوعات در تحقیقات فرسایش خاک است. فرسایش قابل تحمل، معیاری اساسی برای آگاهی و قضاوت درباره وضعیت فرسایش خاک و میزان خطرات و آسیب­‌های بالقوه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی ناشی از آن می­‌باشد. بنابراین، تعیین دقیق و صحیح آن با استفاده از روش‌­های مناسب، بسیار حایز اهمیت است. برای این منظور، روش­‌های مختلفی ابداع شده است که می­‌توان آن­‌ها را در سه گروه اصلی، شامل روش‌­های مبتنی بر سرعت تشکیل خاک، روش‌­های مبتنی بر باروری کشاورزی خاک و روش‌­های مبتنی بر اثرات برون محلی تقسیم‌­بندی کرد. ابتدا، جزئیات روش‌­شناسی­‌های مختلف به همراه معایب و مزایای آن­‌ها بررسی شد و در نهایت، چالش‌­ها و فرصت‌­های تحقیقاتی در این زمینه ارائه شدند. دانشمندان مختلف در سال­‌های اخیر، بر ضرورت جامع­‌نگری در تعیین آستانه قابل تحمل تاکید کرده­‌اند، اما روش‌­شناسی­‌های موجود تا کنون موفق به تحقق بخشیدن به این مهم نشده‌­اند و هنوز در آغاز راه قرار دارند. بنابراین، چالش‌­ها و فرصت­‌های اصلی عمدتا به روش‌­شناسی و ارائه رویکردهای جدید تلفیقی و کاربردی برای تعیین فرسایش قابل تحمل مربوط می­‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
فرسایش طبیعی؛ فرسایش تشدیدی؛ سرعت تشکیل خاک؛ باروری خاک؛ ضخامت خاک
عنوان مقاله [English]
An overview on soil loss tolerance methods: challenges and opportunities
نویسندگان [English]
Heidar Ghafari1؛ Mahmood Arabkhedri2؛ Manouchehr Gorji3
1Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Tolerable soil erosion is the boundary between natural and accelerated erosion and is one of the most fundamental yet complex issues in soil erosion research. The tolerable erosion threshold is an essential criterion for awareness and judgment about the state of soil erosion and the extent of its potential economic, social and environmental risks and damages. Therefore, it is very important to determine it accurately and correctly using appropriate methods. For this purpose, various methods have been developed, which can be divided into three general groups including methods based on soil formation rate, methods based on agricultural soil productivity and methods based on off-site effects of erosion. First, the details of the various methodologies along with their disadvantages and advantages were examined, and finally, research challenges and opportunities in this field were presented. Various scientists in recent years have emphasized the need for comprehensiveness in determining tolerable thresholds, but existing methodologies have so far failed to achieve this, and are still at the beginning of the road. Thus, the main challenges and opportunities are mainly related to methodology and the presentation of new integrated and applied approaches to determine tolerable erosion.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Accelerated erosion, Natural erosion, Soil formation rate, Soil productivity, Soil thickness
مراجع
  1. Aberg, G., G. Jacks and P.J. Hamilton. 1989. Weathering rates and 87Sr/86Sr ratios: an isotopic approach. Journal of Hydrology, 109: 65–78.
  2. Alewell, C., M. Egli and K. Meusburger. 2015. An attempt to estimate tolerable soil erosion rates bymatching soil formation with denudation in Alpine grasslands. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 15: 1383–1399.
  3. Alexander, E.B. 1988. Rates of soil formation: implications for soil loss tolerance. Soil Science, 145(1): 37–45.
  4. Bain, D.C. and S.J. Langan. 1995. Weathering rates in catchments calculated by different methods and their relationship to acidic inputs. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85: 1051–1056.
  5. Bain, D.C., A. Mellor, M.S.E. Robertson-Rintoul and S.T. Buckland. 1993. Variations in weathering processes and rates with time in a chronosequence of soils from Glen Feshie, Scotland. Geoderma, 57: 275–293.
  6. Bazzoffi, B. 2009. Soil erosion tolerance and water runoff control: minimum environmental standards. Regional Environmental Change, 9: 169–179.
  7. Blum, J.D. and Y. Erel. 2005. Radiogenic isotopes in weathering and hydrology. In: Drever, J.I. (Ed.), Surface and Ground Water, Weathering and Soils. Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, 365–392.
  8. Browning, G.M., G.L. Parish and J. Glass. 1947. A method for determining the use and limitation of rotation and conservation practices in the control of soil erosion in Iowa. Journal of American Society of Agronomy, 39: 65–73.
  9. DePinto, J.V., P.L. Freedman, D.M. Dilks and W.M. Larson. 2004. Models quantify the total maximum daily load process. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 130(6): 703–713.
  10. Du, S., A. Chen and G. Liu. 2013. Determination of purple soil loss tolerance based on soil productivity in south-west China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 68(2): 146–152.
  11. Duan, X., X. Shi, Y. Li, L. Rong and D. Fen. 2017. A new method to calculate soil loss tolerance for sustainable soil productivity in farmland. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 37: 2-23.
  12. Duan, X., Y. Xie, B. Liu, G. Liu, Y. Feng and X. Gao. 2012. Soil loss tolerance in the black soil region of north-east China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 22(4): 737-751.
  13. Ghafari, H. and M. Gorji. 2016. Assessing the effects of erosion on long-term soil productivity potential in Kohin Watershed, Ghazvin Province. Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3): 261-266 (in Persian).
  14. Ghafari, H., M. Gorji, M. Arabkhedri, G.A. Roshani and A. Heidaria. 2017a. Watershed-based evaluation of soil loss tolerance based on soil productivity and quality (Hajighoushan Watershed, Golestan Province). Journal of Soil and Water Research, 48(5): 985-994 (in Persian).
  15. Ghafari, H., M. Gorji, M. Arabkhedri, G.A. Roshani, A. Heidaria and S. Akhavand. 2017b. Identification and prioritization of critical erosion areas based on onsite and offsite effect. Catena, 156: 1-9.
  16. Hancock, G.R., T. Wells, C. Martinez and C. Dever. 2015. Soil erosion and tolerable soil loss: insights into erosion rates for a well-managed grassland catchment. Geoderma, 237-238: 256–265.
  17. Heimsath, A.M., D. Fink and G.R. Hancock. 2009. The ‘humped’ soil production function: eroding Arnhem Land, Australia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34: 1674–1684.
  18. Heimsath, A.M., W.E. Dietrich, K. Nishiizumi and R.C. Finkel. 1997. The soil production functions and landscape equilibrium. Nature, 388(6640): 358–361.
  19. Hodson, M.E. and S.J. Langan. 1999. Considerations of uncertainty in setting the critical load of acidity in soils: the role of weathering rate determination. Environmental Pollution, 106: 73–81.
  20. Huang, L.M., G.L. Zhang and J.L. Yang. 2013. Weathering and soil formation rates based on geochemical mass balance in a small forested watersheds under acid precipitation in subtropical China. Catena, 105: 11-20.
  21. Humphreys, G.S. and M.T. Wilkinson. 2007. The soil production function: a brief history and its rediscovery. Geoderma, 139(1–2): 73–78.
  22. Jha, M.K., C.F. Wolter, K.E. Schilling and P.W. Gassman. 2010. Assessment of total maximum daily load implementation strategies for nitrate impairment of the Raccoon River, Iowa. Journal of Environmental Quality, 39: 1317–27.
  23. Kuznetsov, M.S. and D.R. Abdulkhanova. 2013. Soil loss tolerance in the central chernozemic region of the European part of Russia. Eurasian Soil Science, 2013(46): 802–809.
  24. Lakaria, B.L., H. Biswas and D. Mandal. 2008. Soil loss tolerance values for different physiographic regions of central India. Journal of Soil Use and Management, 24: 192–198.
  25. Lal, D., 1988. In situ-produced cosmogenic isotopes in terrestrial rocks. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 16: 35–388.
  26. Lal, R. 2001. Soil degradation by erosion. Land Degradation and Development, 12(6): 519–539.
  27. Langan, S.J., M.E. Hodson, D.C. Bain, R.A. Skeffington and M.J. Wilson. 1995. A preliminary review of weathering rates in relation to their method of calculation for acid sensitive soil parent materials. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 85: 1075–1081.
  28. Larson, W.E., M.J. Lindstrom and T.E. Schumacher. 1997. The role of severe storms in soil erosion: a problem needing consideration. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 52: 90-105.
  29. Lemunyon, J.L. and R.G. Gilbert. 1993. The concept and need for a phosphorus assessment tool. Journal of Production Agriculture, 6: 483–496.
  30. Li, L., S. Du, L. Wu and G. Liu. 2009. An overview of soil loss tolerance. Catena, 78: 93–99.
  31. Li, L., Z.H. Zhou and G.C. Liu. 2005. The present situation and conceive of soil loss tolerance study. Advance in Earth Science (in Chinese), 20(9): 65–72.
  32. Mallarino, A.P., B.M. Stewart, J.L. Baker, J.D. Downing and J.E. Sawyer. 2002. Phosphorus indexing for cropland: overview and basic concepts of the Iowa phosphorus index. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 57: 440-447.
  33. Mandal, D., K.S. Dadhwal, O.P.S. Khola and B.L. Dhayni. 2006. Adjusted T values for conservation planning in north-west Himalayas of India. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 61(6): 391-397.
  34. Mandal, D., V.N. Sharda and K.P. Tripathi. 2010. Relative efficacy of two biophysical approaches to assess soil loss tolerance for Doon Valley soils of India. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 65(1): 42-49.
  35. McCormack, D.E., K.K. Young and L.W. Kimberlin. 1982. Current criteria for determining soil loss tolerance. Agronomy Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 153 pages.
  36. Mirtskhulava, T.E. 2001. On the maximum soil loss tolerance. Eurasian Soil Science, 34(3): 321–325.
  37. Mishra, P.K. and Z.Q. Deng. 2009. Sediment TMDL development for the Amite River. Water Resources Management, 23: 839–852.
  38. Olsson, M. and P.A. Melkerud. 1991. Determination of weathering rates based on geochemical properties of the soil. Geological Survey of Finland Paper, 9: 69-78.
  39. Pett-Ridge, J.C., L.A. Derry and A.C. Kurtz. 2009. Sr isotopes as a tracer of weathering processes and dust inputs in a tropical granitoid watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73: 25-43.
  40. Pierce, F.J., W.E. Larson and R.H. Dowdy. 1984. Soil loss tolerance: maintenance of long-term soil productivity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 39(2): 136–138.
  41. Pimentel, D. and M. Burgess. 2013. Soil erosion threatens food production. Agriculture, 3: 443–463.
  42. Porter, K.S. 2008. Govern or be governed? The watershed challenge for American Indians. Journal of Water Law, 19(1): 3–19.
  43. Roose, E. 1996. Land husbandry: components and strategy. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 70. FAO, Rome, 380 pages.
  44. Skidmore, E.L. 1982. Soil loss tolerance. In: Determinants of Soil Loss Tolerance. American Society of Agronomy, ASA Special Publication, 45: 87–94.
  45. Sokouti Oskouei, R. 2011. An introduction to tolerable erosion and its measurement methods. Pelk Publication, 135 pages (in Persian).
  46. Sudhishri, S., A. Kumar, J.K. Singh, A. Dass and A.S. Nain. 2014. Erosion tolerance index under different land use units for sustainable resource conservation in a Himalayan watershed using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(41): 3098-3110.
  47. USDA-NRCS. 2014. General guidelines for assigning soil loss tolerance. https://directives.sc. egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=44089.wba
  48. Velbel, M.A. and J.R. Price. 2007. Solute geochemical mass-balances and mineral weathering rates in small watersheds: methodology, recent advances and future directions. Applied Geochemistry, 22(8): 1682–1700.
  49. Verheijen, F.G.A., R.J.A. Jones, R.J. Rickson and C.J. Smith. 2009. Tolerable versus actual soil erosion rates in Europe. Earth Science Reviews, 94: 23–38.
  50. Wakatsuki, T. and A. Rasyldin. 1992. Rates of weathering and soil formation. Geoderma, 52(34): 251–263.
  51. Wischmeier, W.H. and D.D. Smith. 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses, a guide to conservation planning, USDA Agriculture Handbook 537.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 862
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 562


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب