Variations in the diversity of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its symbiosis as affected by different levels of grazing in rangelands | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| Article 2, Volume 27, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 631-671 PDF (511.15 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijrdr.2020.123140 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Elham Nouri1; Alireza Moshki* 2; Mohammad Matinizadeh3; Ali Asghar Zolfaghari4; Saeede Rajaei5 | ||
| 1PhD student of combat desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Department of Afforestation in Arid Lands, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor., Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Department of management of Arid Lands, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University Iran | ||
| 5Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Due to their various roles in the plants’ life, the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been studied from various aspects. In Iran, study on this type of fungi is still at its infancy. Also, the variety of plant species and populations in Iran necessitates a more in-depth analysis compared to other countries in the world. The present study aimed at investigation of the effects of grazing intensity on the diversity and populations of these microorganisms that are symbiotic with the plants and also determining the factors affecting the soil. Three rangelands were considered with three different grazing pressures: no grazing pressure, managed grazing and heavy grazing. Following the sampling of the soil around the rhizosphere of the dominant plant species, the samples were transferred to the laboratory to be analyzed. The results of this study revealed the significant differences in the diversity of AMF species in different sites, and the highest frequency percentage was related to the Septoglomusconstrictum species identified in the heavy grazing region(42.2%).Also, grazing caused changes in the mycorrhizal symbiosis percentage and these factors had a direct correlation, and this could be an evidence of the reduced diversity of AMF, because despite of the existence of spores in the soil, each plant species can only correlate with specific species of AMF. It can be said that appropriate grazing cannot have a negative effect on the population and diversity of AMF, because species diversity indices in a managed grazing region are in a stable state; and, by the proper management of the grazing system and preventing the premature or excessive grazing, its harmful effects can be prevented. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| symbiosis; Microorganism; Soil; Abundance; richness | ||
| References | ||
|
Allen, E. B., and Allen, M. F .,1988. Facilitation of Succession By the Nonmycotrophic Colonizer Salsola Kali (Chenopodiaceae) on a Harsh Site: Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi. American Journal of Botany, 75(2): 257–266. Allsopp, N .,1998. Effect of defoliation on the arbuscular mycorrhizas of three perennial pasture and rangeland grasses. Plant and Soil, 202(1): 117–124. Ba, L., Ning, J., Wang, D., Facelli, E., Facelli, J. M., Yang, Y., and Zhang, L.,2012. The relationship between the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and grazing in a meadow steppe. Plant and Soil, 352(1–2): 143–156. Barto, E. K., and Rillig, M. C.,2010. Does herbivory really suppress mycorrhiza? A meta-analysis. Journal of Ecology, 98(4): 745–753. Currie, A. F., Murray, P. J., and Gange, A. C.,2006. Root herbivory by Tipula paludosa larvae increases colonization of Agrostis capillaris by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(7): 1994–1997. Eom, A.-H., Wilson, G. W. T., and Hartnett, D. C.,2001. Effects of Ungulate Grazers on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Fungal Community Structure in Tallgrass Prairie. Mycologia, 93(2): 233. Frank, D., and McNaughton, S.,1992. The ecology of plants, large mammalian herbivores, and drought in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology, 73, 2043–2058. Gerdemann, J. W., and Nicolson, T. H.,1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 46(2): 235–244. Grime, J. P., Mackey, J. M. L., Hillier, S. H., and Read, D. J.,1987. Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosms. Nature, 328(6129): 420–422. Guo, Y. J., and Han, J. G.,2008. Soil biochemical properties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as affected by afforestation of rangelands in northern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(9): 1690–1697. Hartnett, D. C., and Wilson, G. W. T.,2002. The role of mycorrhizas in plant community structure and dynamics: lessons from grasslands. Plant and Soil, 244(1/2): 319–331. Jirout, J., Triska, J., and Ruzickova, K.,2009. Disturbing impact of outdoor cattle husbandry on community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in upland pasture soil. Communications in Soil, 40, 736–745. Maherali, H., Klironomos, J. N., Beesetty, Y., Mensah, J. A., Franken, O., Verbruggen, E., and Bücking, H.,2007. Influence of Phylogeny on Fungal Community Assembly and Ecosystem Functioning. Science, 316(5832): 1746–1748. Mcgonigles, T. P., Millers, M. H., Evans, D. G., Fairchild, G. L., and Swan, J. A.,1990. A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol, 115p. Mendoza, R., Cabello, M., Anchorena, J., García, I., and Marbán, L.,2011. Soil parameters and host plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae in the grazed Magellanic steppe of Tierra del Fuego. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 140(3–4): 411–418. Morton, J. B., and Redecker, D.,2001. Two New Families of Glomales, Archaeosporaceae and Paraglomaceae, with Two New Genera Archaeospora and Paraglomus, Based on Concordant Molecular and Morphological Characters. Mycologia, 93(1): 181. Oehl, F., Sieverding, E., Palenzuela, J., Ineichen, K., and Alves da silva, G.,2011. Advances in Glomeromycota taxonomy and classification. IMA Fungus, 2(2): 191–199. Oehl, F., Silva, G. A. da, Goto, B. T., and Sieverding, E.,2011. three new genera and glomoid species reorganized. Mycotaxon, 116(1): 75–120. Olsen, S. R., and Summers, L. E.,1982. Phosphorus. In Page. A. L., Keeney, D.R.,Eds.): Methods of soil analysis. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, Inc, 421–422. Phillips, J., and Hayman, D.,1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the BritishMycological Society. 55(1): 158-161. R_Core_Development_Team.,2008. R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.r-project.org/ Redecker, D., Schüßler, A., Stockinger, H., Stürmer, S. L., Morton, J. B., and Walker, C.,2013. An evidence-based consensus for the classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota. Mycorrhiza, 23(7): 515–531. Schuman, A. G. E., Reeder, J. D., Manley, J. T., Hart, R. H., and Manley, W. A.,2010. Impact of Grazing Management on the Carbon and Nitrogen Balance of a Mixed-Grass Rangeland. Ecological Applications, 9(1): 65–71. Smith, S. E., and Read, D. j.,2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press.(third edit, p. 787. Streitwolf-Engel, R., Boller, T., Wiemken, A., and Sanders, I. R.,1997. Clonal Growth Traits of Two Prunella Species are Determined by Co-Occurring Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from a Calcareous Grassland. The Journal of Ecology, 85(2): 181. Su, Y. Y., and Guo, L. D.,2007. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in non-grazed, restored and over-grazed grassland in the Inner Mongolia steppe. Mycorrhiza, 17(8): 689–693. Tchabi, A., Coyne, D., Hountondji, F., Lawouin, L., Wiemken, A., and Oehl, F.,2008. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-Saharan Savannas of Benin, West Africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone. Mycorrhiza, 18(4): 181–195. Tian, H., Gai, J. P., Zhang, J. L., Christie, P., and Li, X. L.,2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in degraded typical steppe of inner Mongolia. Land Degradation and Development, 20(1): 41–54. Wearn, J. A., and Gange, A. C.,2007. Above-ground herbivory causes rapid and sustained changes in mycorrhizal colonization of grasses. Oecologia, 153(4): 959–971. Zangaro, W., Rostirola, L. V., de Souza, P. B., de Almeida Alves, R., Lescano, L. E. A. M., Rondina, A. B. L., and Carrenho, R.,2013. Root colonization and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in distinct successional stages from an Atlantic rainforest biome in southern Brazil. Mycorrhiza, 23(3): 221–233. Zhao, D. D., and Zhao, Z. W.,2007. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the hot-dry valley of the Jinsha River, southwest China. Applied Soil Ecology, 37(1–2): 118–128. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 721 PDF Download: 480 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb