Effects of plant arrangement on some agronomic traits of various common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars under drip tape irrigation conditions in Shahrekord region | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| Volume 33, Issue 3 - Serial Number 128, December 2020, Pages 37-53 PDF (525.71 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/aj.2020.124862.1376 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Foroud Salehi* 1; Bijan Haghighati-Boroujeni2 | ||
| 1Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| 2Soil and Water Science Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction: The findings of previous investigations show that the best density to achieve high yields with most of the beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), including the local Khomein cultivar, stands roughly at 40 plants m2 (Mehrpooyan et al., 2010). There is no comprehensive information available on bean yield performance under drip tape irrigation. Common bean is widely cultivated in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, however, given its high water consumption and due to drought spells in the region in recent years, its production has sharply declined. While common bean requires 7000 to 8000 m3 of water per hectare during the growing season (Alizadeh, 2003), farmers use more than 15000 m3 of water per hectare for beans throughout the growing season. The use of drip tape irrigation can reduce water consumption in beans. The use of this irrigation method requires changing the planting method and proper arrangement of cropping systems. The objective of the present study was to determine optimum plant arrangement in common bean varieties under drip tape irrigation conditions. Materials and methods: In this study, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in spring and summer of 2016 and 2017 at Chahartakhte Research Station in Shahrekord region. The first factor was cultivar (Koosha chitti bean, Yaghut red bean and Dorsa white bean), and the second factor was the planting arrangement (row spacing of 75 cm with 2, 3 and 4 planting lines per row, and the row spacing of 60 cm with 2 planting lines on each row). Different traits at vegetative and reproductive stages of bean plants were recorded and at the end of the growing season, yield and yield components of the cultivars and water productivity were determined. The experimental data were analyzed by using SAS statistical program and the means were compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results and Discussion: The combined analysis of variance showed that plant height, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, grain yield and water productivity were affected by bean cultivars and planting arrangement. The interaction effect of cultivar and planting arrangement was significant on 100 seed weight, grain yield and water productivity. The grain yield components were significantly difference among different cultivars. The highest number of pods, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and grain yield were respectively recorded with Yaghut red bean, Koosha chitti bean, Koosha chitti bean, and Koosha chitti bean. The traits such as number of pods and weight of 100 seeds are controlled and affected by genetic and non-genetic factors such as environment. The number of seeds per pod is the most stable trait of beans and is mostly influenced by genotype (Salehi, 2015). The cultivars studied in this experiment exhibited differences in plant height, grain yield components, grain yield, and water use efficiency. Among crops, bean has the highest diversity in growth habit, seed size and maturity. There are a wide variety of genetic variations in bean pool genus. Therefore, due to genetic differences, under the same climatic conditions, the occurrence of different phenotypes (grain yield, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, etc.) is inevitable, and the difference between them is the result of genetic differences and their different response to the environment. Drip tape irrigation produced the highest water use efficiency when three or four lines of beans were planted on a 75 cm row, while plant density was constant for all treatments. The highest water use efficiency was obtained from Koosha chitti bean, which can be explained by the highest grain yield. Conclusion: The highest grain yield and water productivity were obtained from Koosha chitti bean cultivar. Although the four lines per row arrangement on the 75 cm row gave the highest seed yield and water productivity, it did not differ significantly with the three lines per row on the 75 cm row. Therefore, if the goal is to reduce water consumption and increase water productivity, planting three or four lines per row can be considered on 75 cm row, but because of the ease of planting three lines per row on 75 cm row, it can be recommended to farmers. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Common bean; Cultivars; Seed yield; Water productivity | ||
| References | ||
|
Aghamiri, S.A. 1993. Effects of planting arrangement on physiological characteristics of Chitti common bean, experimental line 11816. Master of Science thesis in crop production. Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan. (In Persian with English Summary). Akhavan, K.K., Shiri, M.R., and Kazemi-Azar, F. 2014. Effect of drip irrigation water rate and planting arrangement on grain yield of corn. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28(1):97-105. (In Persian with English Summary). Alizadeh, A. 2003. Optimization of national documentation of Iran's water consumption. Pure irrigation requirements for Iranian crops and Gardenings. Volume 7:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Meteorological Organization-Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. Iran. (In Persian). Broughton, W.J., Hernandez, G., Blair, M., Beebe, S., Gepts, P., and Vanderleyden, J. 2003. Beans (Phaseolus spp.) – model food legumes. Plant and Soil, 252:55–128. Cerny, V., Hruska, L., and Petr, J. 1994. Yield formation in the main field crops. Transtated by: and Koocheki, A., and Banayan-Aval M. Jehad daneshghahi of Mashhad publication. First edition. (In Persian).
Chung, J.H., and Goulden, D.S. 1971. Yield components of haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth at different plant densities. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(1):227-234. Fageria, N.K., and Santos, A.B. 2008. Yield physiology of dry Bean. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31:983–1004. Farshi, A.A., Shariati, M.R., Jarollahi, R., Ghaemi, M.R., Shahabi, M., and Tavalaei, M.M. 1997. Estimation of water requirements for major agronomic and horticultural plants of the Country. Agricultural education publication. First volume. (In Persian). Gardner F. P., Pearce R.B., and Mitchell R.L. 2003. Physiology of Crop Plants. Transtated by: Sarmadia, Gh. H., and Koocheki, A. Jehad daneshghahi of Mashhad publication. Tenth edition. (In Persian). Graft, R.J., and Rowland, G.G. 1987. Effects of plant density on yield and components of yield of faba bean. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 67:1-10. Graham, P.H., and Ranalli, P. 1997. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crops Research, 53(1-3):131-146. Hashemi-jazi, S.M. 2005. Study of effect of plant and row spacing on yield of Chitti common bean (Final report). Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural Research Center. Shahrekord: 12. (In Persian with English Summary). Horbert, S.J., and Baggerman, F.D. 1983. Cowpea response to row width, density and irrigation. Agronomy Journal, 75:982-986. Kamali, G.H., Sedghianipour, A., Sedaghatkerdar, A., and Askari, A. 2008. Study of climate potential of rainfed wheat in east Azarbaijan Province. Journal of Soil and Water (Science and Technology of Agriculture) 22(2):467-483. (In Persian with English Summary). Karimi, M., and Yusuf- Gomorkchi, A. 2007. Study of yield and water use efficiency of corn in single and double row cultivations of drip tape and surface irrigation systems. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage of Iran 1(2):21-31. (In Persian with English Summary). Khajehpour, M. R. 2008. Principles and fundamental of cultivation. Jehad daneshghahi of Isfahan University publication. (In Persian). Koocheki, A. and Khajeh-Hosseini, M. 2008. Modern agronomy. Jehad daneshghahi of Mashhad publication. First edition. (In Persian). Mason, S.C., and Leihner, D.E. 1986. Cassava-cowpea and cassava-peanut intercrop-pin. II. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation. Agronomy Journal, 78:47-53. Mehraj, K.N., Berick, M.A., Pearson, C.H., and Ogg, J.B. 1996. Effect of bed width, planting arrangement, and plant population on seed yield of pinto bean cultivars with different growth habits. Journal of Production Agriculture, 9(1):79-82. Mehrpooyan, M., Faramarzi, A., Jafari, A., and Siami, K. 2010. Effect of different planting methods on two common bean varieties in three different planting dates. Iranian Journal of Pulse Research, 1(1):9-17. (In Persian with English Summary). Mohammadian, R., and Sadreghaen, H. 2012. Determination of the most suitable planting arrangement of sugar beet sowing under drip tape irrigation conditions. Journal of Sugarbeet, 28(2):107-122. (In Persian with English Summary). Nazer-Kakhaki, S.H., Kamel-Sheikh-Vajh, M., Moeini, M.R., and Jafari, H. 2010. Modern agricultural technologies, Number 2. (In Persian). Noori, M., Nasrollahzadeh-Asl, A., Mousavi-Ezabi, M., and Valizadegan, A. 2012. Evaluation of the effects of plant density and row spacing on yield and yield components of Chitti common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 4(16):117-128. (In Persian with English Summary). Qanbari, A.A., and Taheri-Mazandrani, M. 2003. Effect of planting date and plant density on yield of Chitti bean. Research and Development Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi), 19(4):483-496. (In Persian with English Summary). Rabiee, M., and Jielani, M. 2015. Effect of plant spacing and seed rate on yield and yield components of common bean cultivars in Gilan province. Iranian Journal of Pulse Research, 6(1):9-20. (In Persian with English Summary). Rosalind, A.B., Purcell, L.C., and Vories, E.D. 2000. Short season soybean yield compensation in response to population and water regime. Crop Science, 40:1070-1078. Salehi, F. 2006. Evaluation of planting density in promising red bean lines (final report). Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. Shahrekord. (In Persian with English Summary). Salehi, F. 2010. Effect of wheat and nitrogen residues on grain yield and some agronomic and physiological characteristics in two red bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ph.D. thesis in Crop Production. Shiraz University. (In Persian with English Summary). Salehi, F. 2015. Principles of breeding and cultivation of common bean. Agricultural Research, Education and Natural Resources Publications (TAK). Tehran. (In Persian). Salemi, H. R., Jahadakbar, M.R., and Nekooie, A.R. 2014. Evaluation of drip tape and furrow irrigation techniques in sugar beet fields. Journal of Sugarbeet, 29(2):175-188. (In Persian with English Summary). Shahin-Rokhsar, P., and Asadi, M.A. 2012. Management of drip and furrow irrigation systems in soybean under water stress. Journal of Soil and Water (Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 16(61):97-108. (In Persian with English Summary). Shirtliffe, S.J., and Johnston, A.M. 2002. Yield density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid- seeding dry bean drown in Saskatchwan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82:521-529. Singh, N. P., Sinha, K. K., and Singh, H.D. 1990. Response of mungbean o row and plant spacing. Legume Research, 13(3):113-116. Taghinejad, J. 2015. Planting arrangement of two lines of soybean on a row. Technical Journal No. 52. Agricultural Coordination Management, Ardabil Province. (In Persian). Torabi-Jefrudi, A., Hassanzadeh-Gorttape, A., and Moghadam, A. 2005. Effects of planting arrangement on growth indices of red bean varieties. The first national congress of legumes. Mashhad. Page 30. (In Persian). Van Schoonhoven, A., and Voysest, O. 1993. Common beans: Research for crop improvement. Published in association with CIAT. Cali. Colombia | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 644 PDF Download: 606 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb