| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,996 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,553 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,160,227 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,533,816 |
کاربرد روش غیرمخرب مقاومت الکتریکی چهار نقطه ای ونر در تعیین کیفیت پوشش بتنی کانال های آبیاری | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 21، شماره 80، آذر 1399، صفحه 81-98 اصل مقاله (960.69 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2020.343075.1431 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا بهراملو* 1؛ قاسم اسدیان2؛ ابوالفضل ناصری3 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، همدان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، همدان، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برای جلوگیری از تلفات نشت آب در کانالهای آبیاری، اغلب با استفاده از مصالح بتنی جداره و بستر آنها پوشش داده میشود. برای تعیین کیفیت پوشش بتنی اجرا شده در این کانالها، اغلب از روش مخرب مغزه گیری و آزمایش مستقیم روی آنها استفاده میشود. این روش بسیار پرهزینه و زمان بر است و نیاز به نیروی انسانی متخصص و تجهیزات خاص دارد. ضمن اینکه آثار تخریب ناشی از مغزه گیری هم به سادگی قابل جبران نیست و منجر به تلفات آب از این محل ها خواهد شد. در این پژوهش به منظور برقراری رابطه بین روش غیر مخرب مقاومت الکتریکی در صحرا و روش مخرب مغزه گیری، 13 مقطع طولی از 7 مورد کانال اصلی از کانالهای انتقال آب آبیاری در حوضه های مطالعاتی استان همدان انتخاب و بررسی شد. برای این منظور در هرمقطع کانال آزمایش صحرایی غیر مخرب مقاومت الکتریکی به روش چهار نقطهای ونر با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. برای بررسی رابطه نتایج آزمایش غیر مخرب مقاومت الکتریکی با پارامترهای فنی پوشش بتنی، از هر یک از مقاطع آزمایش شدۀ فوق 12 مغزه و در 13 مقطع انتخاب شده 156 مغزه بتنی تهیه شد. در آزمایشگاه، آزمایش مقاومت فشاری، جذب آب اولیه، جذب آب جوشیده و مویینه روی مغزه های بتنی اجرا و روابط بین داده های آزمایش غیرمخرب مقاومت الکتریکی با مقادیر هریک از پارامترهای حاصل از آزمایشهای آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. بر اساس نتایج بهدست آمده از آزمایشها، مشخص شد بین مقادیر آزمایش غیر مخرب مقاومت الکتریکی چهار نقطه ای ونر در صحرا و مقادیر آزمایشگاهی مقاومت فشاری مغزه های تهیه شده از آن نقاط به روش مخرب، رابطه نمایی مستقیم با ضریب همبستگی 87 درصد برقرار است. نتایج بررسی رابطه بین مقادیر مقاومت الکتریکی صحرایی با مقادیر پارامترهای جذب آب مغزه های بتنی تهیه شده از آن نقاط، بیانگر آن است که پارامترهای جذب آب اولیه، جذب آب جوشیده و مویینه نیز با ضریب همبستگی به ترتیب 87، 89 و 86 درصد، رابطۀ غیرمستقیم نمایی با مقادیر مقاومت الکتریکی دارند. آزمایش مقاومت الکتریکی ونر آزمایشی غیر مخرب و بسیار کم هزینه و اجرای آن به سادگی امکانپذیر است. با توجه به روابط همبستگی حاصل شده میتوان بدون آزمایش مخرب و پرهزینۀ مغزه گیری، پارامترهای مقاومت فشاری و برخی از پارامترهای جذب آب شامل جذب آب اولیه، جذب آب جوشیده و مویینه را با پرداختن به آزمایش صحرایی غیرمخرب مقاومت الکتریکی در حد قابل قبولی برآورد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی؛ پوشش بتنی؛ جذب آب؛ مقاومت فشاری؛ مقاومت الکتریکی ونر؛ همبستگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of Durability of Concrete lining in Irrigation Canals by Non-destructive Electrical Resistance Testing at Site | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| REZA BAHRAMLOO1؛ Ghasem Asadian2؛ Abolfazl Nasseri3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 2Natural resources Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 3Agricultural Engineering Research Institue, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
Introduction The durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other deterioration process to retain its original form, quality, and serviceability when exposed to harsh environment. To a large extent, it is commonly accepted that concrete durability is governed by concrete’s resistance to penetration of aggressive media. This media may be present in a liquid or gaseous state and that may be transported by various mechanisms such as permeation, diffusion, absorption, capillary suction, and combinations of the items just mentioned (Azarsa and Gupta, 2017). Over the last few decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to research and development of electrical resistivity measurement techniques as a nondestructive technique (NDT) to evaluate the durability of concrete structures. Irrigation canals are water structures that transport water supplied from supply sources, such as diversion dams, to the point of consumption for drinking or agricultural purposes. To prevent water seepage losses, the canals beds are lined with various materials such as concrete, stone and sandstone mortar, asphalt, etc. The use of concrete lining in irrigation canals has been more common in Iran and other countries than other materials. Concrete used in irrigation canals is non-reinforced with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. The basic requirements for good concrete-lined in hardened state are satisfactory compressive strength and sufficient durability. After the implementation of any construction structure, in order to know the desired performance and quality of implementation, it is necessary to evaluate that project. To prevent water seepage in irrigation canals, most of them are lined with concrete materials. Destructive method of core sampling is often used to evaluate the quality of concrete lining in irrigation canals. This is a very costly and time consuming process and requires a great deal of specialized manpower and equipment, while the effects of core damage are not easily remedied. To evaluate executed concrete projects, they are often used using destructive methods and various laboratories are run on them in the laboratory. Although this method achieves relatively real and direct results from the desired parameters, it also has side effects that are sometimes difficult to compensate for. These include project damage, high costs, the need for extensive equipment and equipment, and time consuming, which can sometimes lead to downtime. To prevent these complications, non-destructive testing methods, which are much simpler, faster, and less expensive, can be used if there is evidence of correlation. These include electrical resistance testing, ultrasonic and Schmidt hammers. Today, non-destructive concrete experiments have a good and practical effect on the repair of concrete structures. Non-destructive concrete experiments, by providing various data on existing structures, allow experts and specialists to judge and decide on the performance, needs and methods of repair and reconstruction of concrete structures. Methodology The criterion for evaluating the quality of concrete cover of irrigation canals in different environmental conditions, in practice, is the same as in non-water structures and concrete cover of irrigation canals in the country, the basis of which is the amount of compressive strength and technical criteria, respectively. It is published in 108 (Anon., 2014). In this publication, durable concrete is introduced as concrete that has a relatively high compressive strength and is executed correctly. In this study, in order to establish a relationship between non-destructive electrical resistance tests on site with the parameters of water absorption and compressive strength, which requires destructive testing for their achievement, 13 section from 7 main canals in different study basins were selected in Hamedan province. The electrical resistivity of concrete lining these sections was carried out by using of 4-point Wenner method. The Wenner probe technique was first introduced for the geologist’s field in order to determine soil strata by Wenner at the National Bureau of Standards in the 1910s and then modified through time for concrete application. In this technique, four equally spaced linear electrodes are used to measure the surface electrical resistivity of concrete (Figures 1 and 2). The two exterior electrodes apply an AC current to the concrete surface while the electrical potential is measured from the interior probes. It should be noted that DC current is not desirable as it may result in inaccurate readings because of polarization effect. About 12 cores from each canal and totally 156 cores were prepared. In the laboratory, the compressive strength, initial, boiling and capillary water absorption was measured and the relationships between the non-destructive electrical resistivity tests with each of the parameters of laboratory experiments on the cores were investigated. Results and Discussion Based on the results, it was found that only 3 of the concrete-lined canals were durable in the cold region and the remainder lacked durability. According to the results of the electrical resistivity values with the compressive strength, the correlation direct correlation of 87% is established, so that due to the non-destructive nature of the electrical resistivity test, it can be used to determine other durability and resistance parameters. The results also indicate that the other parameters of durability of the concrete lining in the studied irrigation canals include initial, boiled and capillary water absorption with a correlation coefficient of 87%, 89% and 85%, respectively, and an indirect exponential relationship with electrical resistance values. Conclusions Based on results of this paper, without destructive testing, all of these parameters can be estimated accurately by non-destructive 4-point electrical resistance testing and projects can be evaluated. Acknowledgement This research has been supported by Agriculture Engineering Research Iranian (AERI) and Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). The authors are grateful to the AREI and AREEO for their supporting to complete this research. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Concrete Lining, Canals, Compressive Strength, Electrical Resistance, Evaluation, Water Absorption | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aba. (2005). Iranian concrete bylaw. Iranian Budjet and programing Org., 120. Iran. (in Persian) Abbasi, N., Bahramloo, R. and Movahedan, M. (2015). Strategic planning for remediation and optimization of irrigation and drainage networks: a case study for Iran. Agriculture and agricultural science procedia,4,211-221. ACI Cmmittee 201. (2001). Guide to Durable Concrete (ACI 201.1R), American Concrete Institute. Farminton. Hills. Mich. ACI 306R-88. (1994). Cold weather concreting. ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2. Anon. (2014). Technical criteria and indexes for irrigation and drainage networks, general technical specifications . Program and Budget Organization , 108. (In Persian) ASTM. (2000). Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption and voids in Hardened Concrete. ASTM C 642, Annual book of ASTM Standards. Philadelphia, 4(2). ASTM. (2004). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes. ASTM C1585. ASTM. (2003). Standard Test Method for obtaining and testing drilled cores and sawed beams of Concretes. ASTM C42, 04(02). Aydin, F. and Saribiyik, M. (2010). Correlation between Schmidt Hammer and destructive compressions testing for concretes in existing buildings. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(13), 1644-1648. Azarsa, P. and Gupta, R. (2017). Electrical Resistivity of Concrete for Durability Evaluation: A Review. Hindawi. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Bahramloo, R. (2007). Evaluation of failure factor Causes of concrete lining in irrigation canals (Case Study in Hamean-Bahar plain). J. Agric. Eng. Res, 8(3), 81-92. (In Persian) Bahramloo, R. and Banejad, H. (2014). Evaluation quality of durability in concrete lining of irrigation canals in cold climates (case study in Hamedan province). Iranian journal of irrigation and drainage, 1(8), 171-179. (In Persian) Bahramloo, R. (2015). Review and provide new indexes of durability in concrete lining of irrigation canals in cold areas. Thesis Submitted in doctor of Philosophy in water structures. Dept. of water engineering, Faculity of agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. (In Persian) Bahramloo, R. Asadian, G., Goharian, S. and Ghadami, A. (2019). Investigation the nondestructive (ND) method for determination of water absorption parameters and Compressive Strength of concrete lining of irrigation canals. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 20(77), 111-130. (In Persian) Cristina Silva, P. , Miguel Ferreira, R, and Figueiras, H. (2011). Electrical Resistivity as a Means of Quality Control of Concrete – Influence of Test Procedure. International conference on durability of brilding materials and components. Porto. Portogal,1-8. IAEA. (2002). Guiddbook on non-destructive testing of concrete structures. Austria. International Atomic Energy Agency. Malakooti. A. (2017). Investigation of Concrete Electrical Resistivity As a Performance Based Test. All graduate theses and dissertations.Utah State University. Mehta, P.K. and Moteiro, P.J.M. (2006). Concrete (Microstructure, Properties and Materials), 3th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA. Ramazanianpour, A.A. and Vosoughi, P. (2013). Lab and Site Investigation on the Relationship of Compressive Strength and other Parameters". The 9th International Congress of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 1-9. (In Persian) Ramazanianpour, A.A. and Shahnazari, M. R. (1988). Concrete technology in cold and freezing climate. Elmosanaat publication 110. (In Persian) Siahi, M. K. , Farhadi Hikooei, A., Jafari, A., Nasher, H., Jafari, M. S., Moalemi, M., Dallalzadeh, A. R., Babaei, A. R. , Dasdar, V. and Eghbali, M. (2011). Construction of irrigation canals, Limits and methods. National committee on irrigation and drainage. (In Persian) Sadr Momtazi, A. and Tahmorsi, B. (2018). Investigating the boundary of aggregate-paste in concretes containing silica and winds ash. Scientific and Research Journal of Structural Engineering and Construction, 4,136-154. (In Persian) Tadaiion, M. (2011). Concrete durability, standards and methods. 1th Workshop on evaluation of concrete quality in irrigation canals lining (methods and standards). Jahad Agri. Org. Hamedan. Iran, 101-119. (In Persian). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,350 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 327 |
||