| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,996 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,553 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,160,404 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,533,908 |
آفتاب‌سوختگی زمستانه عامل مستعدکننده شانکر باکتریایی درختان بادام و هلو در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 88، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 110، شهریور 1399، صفحه 113-123 اصل مقاله (451.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2020.341697.1325 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| ناصر امانی فر* | ||
| پژوهشگر | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آفتاب‌سوختگی زمستانه یک عارضه فیزیولوژیکی است و باعث آسیب به درختان بادام و هلو در برخی باغ‌ها در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری می‌شود. در باغ‌هایی که شرایط برای این عارضه مساعد است، شانکر باکتریایی نیز شدیدتر است. علائم اولیه به‌صورت تغییر رنگ پوست تنه درخت، ترک خوردن پوست و به‌تدریج جدا شدن پوست از تنه و خشکیدگی تنه و سرشاخه‌ها است. علائم عارضه در سمت جنوب و جنوب غربی (سمت آفتاب‌گیر) درختان دیده می‌شود. طی سال‌های 98-1394 ارتباط عارضه آفتاب‌سوختگی زمستانه و شانکر باکتریایی بادام و هلو در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری بررسی شد. این بررسی در 12 باغ انتخابی هلو و بادام در مناطق مختلف استان انجام شد. در بادام شاخص عارضه در سمت جنوب غربی درختان حدود 83 درصد در مقایسه با سمت شمال شرقی درختان افزایش نشان داد. در هلو نیز این افزایش حدود 7/82 درصد بود. فراوانی جداسازی باکتری Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae(عامل شانکر باکتریایی) در سمت جنوب غربی درختان نسبت‌به شمال شرقی حدود 4/78 و 75 درصد به‌ترتیب برای بادام و هلو بیشتر بود. تیمار سفید کردن سمت جنوب غربی تنه درختان نسبت به درختان شاهد نشان داد، در بادام از 70 تا 81 درصد و در هلو از 3/56 تا 86 درصد باعث کاهش عارضه آفتاب‌سوختگی و علائم شانکر می‌شود. بر این اساس می‌توان گفت عارضه آفتاب‌سوختگی زمستانه یکی از عوامل پیش آمودگی شانکر و زوال درختان بادام و هلو در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آفتاب‌سوختگی؛ بادام؛ پیش آمودگی؛ شانکر باکتریایی؛ هلو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Winter sunscald as a predisposing factor for bacterial canker of almond and peach trees in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Winter sunscald is a physiological disorder that causes damage to almond and peach trees in some orchards of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province. In orchards with favorable conditions for this disorder bacterial canker was more severe observed. Early symptoms consist of discolored bark, similar to a canker, and some small vertical cracking in the bark. As time progresses, bark will begin to slough off, the death of the trunk and dieback. Symptoms can be seen on the south and southwest sides of the trees. The relationship between winter sunscald and bacterial canker of almond and peach in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province was investigated during 2016-2019. This study was conducted in 12 selected peach and almond orchards in different areas of the province. In almonds, disorder index on the southwest side of the trees increased by 83% compared to the northeast side of the trees, while in peaches the increase was about 82.7%. Frequency of isolation of Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae (bacterial canker agent) on the southwest side of the trees was about 78.4% and 75% higher for almonds and peaches, respectively. The southwestern white painting treatment of the trunk compared to the control showed that in almonds it decreased sunscald and canker symptoms in almonds70 to 81% and for peaches56.3 to 86%. So, it can be said that winter sunscald is causes of decline and plays role as a predisposing factor for e bacterial canker of almond and peach trees in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Almond, bacterial canker, peach, predisposing, sunscald | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
ASHWORTH, E.N. 1991. Formation and spread of ice in plant tissues. Horticultural Reviews13: 215-255. CAO, T., M.V. MCKENRY, R.A. DUNCAN, T.M. DEJONG, B.C. KIRKPATRICK and K.A. SHACKEL. 2006. Influence of ring nematode infestation and calcium, nitrogen, and indoleacetic acid applications on peach susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Phytopathology, 96: 608–615. CAO, T., B.C. KIRKPATRICK, K.A. SHACKEL and T.M. DEJONG. 2011. Influence of mineral nutrients and freezing-thawing on peach susceptibility to bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae, Fruits, 66: 441–452. CAO, T., T.M. DEJONG K.A. SHACKEL, B.C. KIRKPATRICK and R.S. JOHNSON. 2013. Influence of rootstock, temperature and incubation duration on bacterial canker severity caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in peach. Fruits, 68: 45–55 CARROLL, J. E., T. L., ROBINSON and T. J. BURR. 2007. Contributions of copper sprays, pruning stubs, training system and cultivar towards management of Pseudomonas-incited cankers on sweet cherry. (Abstr.). Phytopathology, 97:S18. HINRICHS-BERGER, J. 2004. Epidemiology of Pseudomomas syringae pathovars associated with decline of plum trees in the southwest of Germany. Journal of Phytopathology,152: 153-160. LARCHER, W. 2003. Physiological plant ecology. Ecophysiology and stress physiology of functional groups. 4th ed. Springer, Berlin, New York. 513 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662- 05214-3. LEERS, M. 2013. Tree establishment in the urban environment. In: G. Williams (ed.). The 14th National Street Tree Symposium, Adelaide, 4th and 5th September 2013. p. 53–67.
LINDOW, S.E. 1983. The role of bacterial ice nucleation in frost injury to plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 21: 363-384. LITZOW, M. and PELLETT, H. 1983. Materials for potential use in sunscald prevention. Journal of Arboriculture, 9(2):35-38. MELAKEBERHAN, H., A.L. JONES, P. SOBICZEWSKI, and G.W. BIRD. 1993. Factors associated with the decline of sweet cherry trees in Michigan: Nematodes, bacterial canker, nutrition, soil pH, and winter injury. Plant Disease, 77:266–271. ROPPOLO, D.J. and R. MILLER. 2001. Factors predisposing urban trees to sunscald. Journal of Arboriculture, 27(5): 246–254. SAKAI, A. 1966. Temperature fluctuation in wintering trees. Physiologia Plantarum 19(1): 105–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1966.tb09080.x. SHEPPARD, J., C. MORHART and H. SPIECKER. 2016. Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (Prunus avium) grown within an agroforestry system. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 3 article id 1313. 19 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.1313. SPOTTS, R. A., K. M. WALLIS, M. SERDANI and A. N. AZARENKO. 2010. Bacterial canker of sweet cherry in Oregon—Infection of horticultural and natural wounds, and resistance of cultivar and rootstock combinations. Plant Disease, 94:345-350. SAHRAGARD, N., R. ESHAGHI and M.R. AFLAKI. 2006. Preliminary study of winter sunscald on fruit trees in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Province. P.254 in: Proc.17th Iran. Plant Protec. Cong., Tabriz, Iran, Volume 2. SAHRAGARD, N. 2007. Chilling (Freezing) and Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria in Plants. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension 6 Organization (AREEO),116 p. SCHAAD, N.W., J.B. JONES and W. CHUN. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. SCORTICHINI, M. 2010. Epidemiology and predisposing factors of some major bacterial diseases of stone and nut fruit trees species. Journal of Plant Pathology, 92: 73-78. VIGOUROUX, A. 1989. Ingress and spread of Pseudomonas in stems of peach and apricot promoted by frost-related water-soaking of tissues. Plant Disease, 73: 854-855. VIGOUROUX A., 1999. Bacterial canker of peach: effect of tree winter water content on the spread of infection through frost-related water soaking in stems. Journal of Phytopathology, 147: 553-559. WAGNER, K. and M.R. KUHNS. 2011. Sunscald injury or southwest injury on deciduous trees. Utah State Univ., Extension Forest Facts, NR/FF/021 (pr). 4 p. WEAVER, D.1978. Interaction of Pseudomonas syringae and freezing in bacterial canker on excised peach shoots. Phytopathology 68:1460-1463 WENNEKER, M., J.D. JANSE, A. DE BRUINE, P. VINK and K. PHAM. 2012. Bacterial canker of plum caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, as a serious threat for plum production in the Netherlands. Journal of plant pathology, 94, S1.11- 13 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 480 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 384 |
||