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مهار زیستی بیماری لکه‌موجی گوجه‌فرنگی با استفاده از سویه‌های اپیفیت تریکودرما | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 14، اسفند 1398، صفحه 1-15 اصل مقاله (265.62 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2020.121928 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم حسین‌مردی1؛ شهرام نعیمی* 2؛ سعید رضائی1 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| لکه موجی با عامل Alternaria spp.یکی از بیماری‌های مهم گوجه‌فرنگی است که سالانه خسارت شدیدی به این محصول وارد می‌کند. کنترل بیولوژیک این بیماری با استفاده از قارچ‌های اپیفیت به‌عنوان میکروارگانیسم‌های سازگار در اندام‌های هوایی می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای آفت‌کش‌های خطرناک شیمیایی باشد. جهت جداسازی قارچ‌های اپیفیت، پس از نمونه‌برداری از بوته‌های سالم گوجه‌فرنگی، قطعاتی از برگ و ساقه در ظروف ارلن حاوی آب مقطر و روی دستگاه تکان‌دهنده قرار گرفت و سوسپانسیون به‌دست آمده کشت داده شد. به‌منظور یافتن سویه‌های بیوکنترل مؤثر، جدایه‌های به‌دست آمده با استفاده از روش‌های کشت متقابل و تأثیر متابولیت‌های فرّار و غیر فرّار علیه قارچ بیمارگر (Alternaria alternata SN1–1) در آزمایشگاه، غربال و جدایه‌های مؤثر برای بررسی اثر آن‌ها در کنترل بیماری در شرایط گلخانه انتخاب شدند. در گلخانه، سوسپانسیون کنیدی‌های قارچ‌های اپیفیت در دو مرحله بر روی اندام‌های هوایی گیاه محلولپاشی شد. دو هفته پس از مایه‌زنی بیمارگر، شدت بیماری بر اساس یک مقیاس 9–0 ارزیابی شد. نتایج غربالگری در آزمایشگاه نشان داد که قارچ‌های اپیفیت مورد مطالعه با درجات مختلف از رشد میسلیومی قارچ بیمارگر جلوگیری کردند. حداکثر این بازدارندگی در آزمون‌های کشت متقابل، متابولیت‌های فرّار و متابولیت‌های غیرفرّار به‌ترتیب 70، 53 و 68 درصد بود. در گلخانه، کم‌ترین شاخص درصد بیماری مربوط به جدایه‌های F1–22 و P4–1(4/81% کنترل بیماری) و P1–1و P2–1 (4/74% کنترل بیماری) بود. جدایه‌های F1–22، P4–1و P2–1 به گونهTrichoderma harzianum و جدایه P1–1 به گونه Trichoderma longibrachiatum تعلق داشتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آلترناریا؛ کنترل بیولوژیک؛ قارچ‌های رورُست؛ گلخانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological control of early blight of tomato with epiphytic strains of Trichoderma | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Hosseinmardi1؛ Shahram Naeimi2؛ Saeed Rezaee1 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Sciences and Food Industries , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Early blight incited by Alternaria spp. is one of the destructive diseases of tomato which causes considerable crop yield losses. Biological control of the disease with epiphytic fungi as phyllosphere competent microorganisms is a suitable alternative to chemical pesticides. In order to isolating the fungi, healthy tomato plants were collected and small pieces of leaves and stems were placed in distilled water on a shaker and the aliquot was cultured. In search for biocontrol strains, isolated fungi were screened against the fungal pathogen (Alternaria alternata SN1–1) using dual culture as well as the volatile and non–volatile metabolites tests in vitro andeffective isolates were selected to study their efficacy on disease control under greenhouse conditions. Conidial suspension of epiphytic fungi was sprayed two times on the aerial parts of the plant in greenhouse. Two weeks after inoculation of the pathogen, the disease severity was evaluated based on a 0–9 scale. Results of screening test showed that epiphytic fungi inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen in various degrees. Maximum inhibition in dual culture, volatile and non–volatile metabolites tests were 70%, 53% and 68%, respectively. In greenhouse, the least disease indexes were recorded for the isolates F1–22 and P4––1 (81.4% disease control) together with P1–1 and P2–1 (74.4% disease control). Isolates F1–22, P4–1 and P2–1 identified as Trichoderma harzianum and isolate P1–1 identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Alternaria, biological control, fungal epiphytes, greenhouse | ||
| مراجع | ||
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