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تاثیر کشت نشائی، تاریخ کاشت و برداشت بر عملکرد و کارائی مصرف آب چغندرقند پاییزه | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 35، شماره 2، اسفند 1398، صفحه 175-191 اصل مقاله (1.4 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2020.125719.1215 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید علی اشرف عبداللهی* 1؛ علی حاتمی2؛ ولی اله یوسف آبادی3؛ علی اشرف مهرابی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر کشت نشایی بر کارایی مصرف آب چغندرقندپاییزهدر شهرستان مهران واقع در استان ایلام، به صورت فاکتوریل دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 95 -1394 و 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل تاریخ کاشت در چهار سطح (1 و 20 مهرماه، 10 و 30 آبان ماه) و رقم در دو سطح (شریف و اسپارتاک) به عنوان فاکتورهای اصلی و روش کاشت در دو سطح (کشت مستقیم بذر و نشاکاری) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی (اسپلیت در مکان) و زمان برداشت در سه سطح (5 و 25 اردیبهشت‌ماه و 15 خردادماه) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی (اسپلیت در زمان) اجرا گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بر اساس امیدریاضی میانگین مربعات نشان داد که تأثیر سال بر صفات عملکرد ریشه، درصد قند، عملکرد شکرو عملکرد شکر سفید معنی‌دار بود اما تأثیری بر راندمان مصرف آب براساس عملکرد شکرسفید نداشت. تاریخ کاشت نیز بر عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد شکر و عملکرد شکرسفید اثر معنی‌دار داشت. تأثیر تاریخ برداشت بر عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد شکر معنی‌دار شد.راندمان مصرف آب براساس عملکرد شکرسفید در روش نشاکاری 1/60 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود که 50 درصد نسبت به روش بذرکاری افزایش نشان داد.عملکرد ریشه در کشت نشایی 101 تن در هکتار بود (54 درصد افزایش نسبت به روش بذرکاری). بالاترین عملکرد شکرسفید با 14/08 تن در هکتار در روش نشاکاری، تاریخ کاشت اوایل مهرماه و تاریخ برداشت اواسط خردادماه بود (28 درصد افزایش نسبت به روش بذرکاری). با توجه به عملکردهای غیراقتصادی روش بذرکاری در کشت پاییزه چغندرقند استان، کاهش منابع آب، خسارت پرندگان مهاجر و محدودیت‌های فصل رشد به نظر میرسد کاشت نشایی چغندرقند میتواند راه کار مناسبی برای افزایش تولید شکر و راندمان مصرف آب باشد که با تکمیل امکانات مکانیزاسیون میتواند به عنوان روشی مطمئن برای جایگزینی بذرکاری مطرح شود. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق شهرستان مهران نیز میتواند به عنوان منطقه مستعد توسعه کشت پاییزه چغندرقند مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چغندرقند پاییزه؛ عملکرد ریشه؛ کشت نشایی؛ کارایی مصرف آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of transplanting, sowing and harvesting date on yield and water use efficiency of autumn-sown sugar beet | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| s. A. Shraf Abdollahi1؛ A. Hatami2؛ V. Yosefabadi3؛ A. A. Mehrabi4 | ||
| 1PhD student of plant physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant professor of Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Associate professor of Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of transplanting on water use efficiency of autumn-sown sugar beet in Mehran, Ilam province. The experiment was carried out as factorial split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replication in two grwoing season 2015-16 and 2016-17. Sowing date (late September, early October, early November and late November) and cultivar (Sharif and Spartak) laid out in main plots, planting method (direct seed planting & transplanting) in sub-plots and harvest time (late April, mid-May and early June) as sub-sub-plots (split at time). The results of ANOVA based on expected mean of squares showed that effect of year on root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, and white sugar yield was significant. However, it had no effect on the water use efficiency based on sugar yield. The effect of planting time on root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar yield was significant. The effect of harvest time on root yield and sugar yield was significant. Water use efficiency based on white sugar yield in transplanting method was 1.60 kg/m3 which was 50% more than seed planting method. Root yield in transplanting method was 101 t/ha (54% increase compared with seed planting method). The highest white sugar with 14.08 t/ha was observed in transplanting, late September sowing, and at early June harvest (28% increase compared with seed planting). Considering the non-economic performance of seed planting method in autumn sugar beet sowing in the province, reduction of water resource , damage of migratory birds, and limitations of growing season, it seems that sugar beet transplanting can be a proper way to increase sugar production and water use efficiency which can be considered as a reliable method to replace seeding by completing mechanization facilities. According to the study results, Mehran city can also be considered as a region prone to the extension of autumn sugar beet sowing. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Autumn-sown sugar beet, Root yield, Transplanting, Water use efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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