| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,094 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,531 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,353,835 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,810,647 |
ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی و زمانی بارش و خشکسالی هواشناسی در ایستگاههای سینوپتیک ایران | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 129، دی 1399، صفحه 123-141 اصل مقاله (2.89 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2020.341216.1298 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب میرزایی حسنلو1؛ هیراد عبقری* 2؛ مهدی عرفانیان2؛ سپیده چوبه3 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تغییرپذیری شدید درونسالی و بینسالی بارندگی یکی از ویژگیهای آبوهوایی ایران است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی شاخص تمرکز بارندگی، فورنیهی اصلاحشده، شاخص شناسایی خشکسالی، و بارش بمعیار شده، و تهیهی نقشهی تغییر مکانی و تحلیل روند آنها در دورهی زمانی30 ساله (2018-1989) در 30 ایستگاه همدید (سینوپتیک) ایران است. دادهها از سازمان هواشناسی کشور تهیه شد. نتیجهها نشان داد که شاخص PCI در50 % ایستگاهها روند صعودی و در50 % روند نزولی داشت. کمترین مقدار شاخص PCI در منطقههای شمالی در 1992 در ایستگاه رشت (9/22)، و بیشترین آن در منطقههای جنوبشرقی در 2008 در ایستگاه بندرعباس (76/36) بود. شاخص MFI در 28 ایستگاه روند نزولی داشت، و کمترین آن در 2010 در ایستگاه یزد (4/42)، و بیشترین آن در سال 2001 در ایستگاه یاسوج (451/65) دیده شد. از نظر شاخص تمرکز بارندگی، الگوی بارندگی در بیشتر ایستگاههای همدید ایران فصلی و کاملاً فصلی بود. شاخصهای خشکسالی در منطقههای غربی از سایر ایستگاهها بیشتر بود. شدیدترین مقدار خشکسالی براساس هر دو شاخص به ترتیب (3/4-) و (3/3-) در ایستگاه همدید بوشهر و در 2010 رخ داد، که شاخص RDI خشکسالی را در وضعیت شدیدتری نشان میدهد. شاخص RDI بهجای شاخص SPI، برای پایش و مدیریت خشکسالی توصیه میشود تا اثر دما عامل مستقیم و اثرگزار بر خشکسالی باشد. نقشهی فرسایندگی بارندگی مبتنی بر فورنیه، منبع مهمی از اطلاعات است که میتواند کمک شایانی به آبخیزداران و کارشناسان منابع طبیعی در دادن طرحهای حفاظت خاک، مهار کردن فرسایش، و مدیریت زمین کند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تحلیل روند؛ شاخص استاندارد شده بارش؛ شاخص تمرکز بارندگی؛ شاخص شناسائی خشکسالی؛ فورنیه اصلاح شده | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Precipitation and Drought in Iranian Synoptic Stations of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ayub Mirzayi Hasanlo1؛ Hirad Abghari2؛ Mehdi Erfanian2؛ Sepideh Choobe3 | ||
| 1Graduated from Master of Science, Department of Range and Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D, Candidate, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The temporal and spatial variability of rainfall within and between years is a characteristic of Iran's climate. The aim of this study was to investigate the PCI, SPI, RDI, and MFI indices and map their spatial variations. These data were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of Iran. The results indicated that the PCI index had an upward trend in 50% of the stations and a downward trend in the remaining stations. The lowest value of the PCI index was observed for the northern regions in 1992 at the Rasht Station (9.22), and the highest value for southeastern regions in 2008 at the Bandar Abbas Station (76.36). The MFI index had a downward trend of 28 stations with the lowest value of the MFI index in 2010 at the Yazd Station (4.42) and the highest value in 2001 at the Yasuj Station (451.65). According to the PCI index, the rainfall pattern at most of Iran's synoptic stations is seasonal and completely seasonal. The results of drought indices indicated that the SPI and RDI indices were higher in the western regions than in the other regions. The severest drought based on both indices was observed at the Bushehr Synoptic Station in 2010. The values of these indices were (-3.4) and (-3.3), respectively. The results also indicated that the RDI index revealed more severe drought conditions. As the RDI index includes air temperature as a direct factor affecting drought, it is recommended to replace the SPI index with this one. The Fornieh Rain Erosion Map may be of great help to watershed managers and natural resource experts in planning soil conservation, erosion control, and land use schemes. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Modified fournier index, precipitation concentration index, reconnaissance drought index, standardized precipitation index, trend analysis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adegun O, Balogun I, Adeaga O. 2012. "Precipitation concentration changes in Owerri and Enugu". Special Publication of the Nigerian Association of Hydrological Sciences, pp. 383–391. Arnoldus HM. 1980. An approximation of the rainfall factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation. In Assessments of Erosion, de Boodts M, Gabriels D (eds). John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 127–132. Asadi Zarch MA, Malekinezhad H, Mobin MH, Dastorani MT, Kousari MR. 2011. Drought monitoring by Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) in Iran. Journal of Water Resources Management. 25 (13):3485–3504. (In Persian). Bazrafshan O, Mahmoudzadeh A, Asgarinezhad A, Bazrafshan j. 2019. Adaptive evaluation of SPI, RDI, and SPEI indices in analyzing the trend of intensity, duration, and frequency of drought in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran .Irrigation Sciences and Engineering (JISE). 42(3): 117–131. (In Persian). Bazrafshan O, Mahmudzadeh F, Bazrafshan J. 2017. Evaluation of temporal trends of the drought indices SPI and SPEI in the Southern Coast of Iran. Desert Management. 4(8):54–69. (In Persian). Borg DS. 2009. An application of drought indices in Malta, Case Study. Journal of European Water. 25/26:25–38. De Luis M, Gonzalez-Hidalgo JC, Brunetti M, Longares LA. 2011. Precipitation concentration changes in Spain 1946–2005. Nat. Hazard. Earth Sys. 11(5): 1259–1265. Dostan R, Assad M, Etemadian A. 2014. Evaluation of drought in Iran using SPI Index in the cold period of the year and its relationship with the water crisis. Second National Conference on Water Crisis (climate change, water and the environment), Shahr Kkurd, Shahr Kurd University. Eghtedar nejad M, Bazrafshan A, Bazrafshan J. 2017. Investigation of spatial variations of meteorological drought basedon standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index in Iran, Journal of Agricultural Meteorology. 5 (2): 46–35. (In Persian). FAO. 2005. http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_iran/en#tcN90064. Gabriels D. 2006. Assessing the modified fournier index and the precipitation concentration index for some european countries, Soil Erosion in Europe, pp. 675–684. Ghabaei Sough A, Mosaedi M. 2012. Design process of selecting appropriate drought index based on monitoring multivariate meteors in some stations of arid and semi-arid regions, Iran. Journal of Water and Soil. 26(2): 414–426. (In Persian). GHorbani KH, Valizade S, Barakhanpoor S. 2018. Investigation of spatiotemporal trend of the bivariate meteorological drought index , SPEI, in Iran. Desert Management. 11: 25–38. (In Persian). Hakimkhani S, Mahdian MH, Arabkhedri M, Ghorbanpoor D. 2005. Investigating rainfall erosivity in Iran. 3rd Erosion and Sediment National Conference, 28-31 August, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian). Hassanipak A A. 2013. geostatistics (geostatistical). Tehran University Press. (In Persian). Hatefi A, Mosaedi A, Jabari Nooghabi. 2016. The role of evapotranspiration in meteorological drought monitoring in some climatic regions of Iran . Journal of Water and Soil Coservation. 32(2): 1-21.(In Persian). Hayes MJ, Svoboda MD, Wiihite DA, Vanyarkho O. 1999. Monitoring the 1996 drought using the standardized precipitation index. BULLETIN of the American Meterological Society. 80 (1): 429–438. Hilaire AS, Ouarda TB, Lachance M, Bob B, Gaudet J, Gignac C. 2003. Assessment of the impact of meteorological network density on the estimation of basin precipitation and runoff: A case study. Hydrol J. 17: 3561–3580. Hurst H.E. 1951. Long trrm storage capacities of reservoirs. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers. 116(1): 776–808. Islami H. 2018. Study of spatial variability of rainfall and erosion concentration index rain in the Province Khuzestan, Journal of Watershed Management. 9 (17): 109 – 118. (In Persian). Jamshidi H, Khalili D, Zadeh M, Hosseinipour E. 2011. Assessment and comparison of SPI and RDI meteorological drought indices in selected synoptic stations of Iran. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress. 1161–1173. (In Persian). Karamoz M, araghinezhad Sh. 2010. Advanced Hydrology, Second Edition, Amirkabir University of Technology Press, Tehran.468. (In Persian). Karim abady N. 2011. Evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in rainfall, drought using standard indicators (Case study of Khorasan Razavi Province). Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian). Khalili D, Farnoud T, Jamshidi H, Kamgar-Haghighi AA, Zand-Parsa S. 2011. Comparability analyses of the SPI and RDI meteorological drought indices in different climatic zones. Water Resources Management. 25(6): 1737–1757. (In Persian). Khalili K, Nazeri Tahrudi M, Mirabbasi R, Ahmadi, F. 2015. Investigation of spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in Iran over the last half century. Journal of Water and Soil. 30(4): 1309–1321. (In Persian). Klemes V. 1973. Application of hydrology to water resource management. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Switzerland. 104. Lal R.1976. Soil erosion on alfisols in western Nigeria, effects on rainfall characteristics. Geoderma 16(5): 389–401. Luis M, Gonz´alez-Hidalgo JC, Brunetti M, Longares LA. 2011. "Precipitation concentration changes in Spain 1946–2005". Natural Hazards Earth Systems Science. 11(5): 1259–1265. Madadgar S, Moradkhani H. 2014. Spatio-temporal drought forecasting within Bayesian networks. Journal Hydrol. 512: 134–146. (In Persian). Maghsoud F, Malekian A, Mohseni Saravi M, Bazrafshan O. 2017. Monitoring and zoning of meteorological drought characteristics using Markov chain model and geostatistical methods (Case study: Qazvin province). Journal of Rangeland and Watershed Management.69(4): 1075-1099. Masoodian SA. 2008. On precipitation mapping in IRAN, Journal of Humanities the University of Isfahan. 30(2): 69–80. McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology. 17(22): 179–183. Mishra AK, Singh VP. 2010. A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology. 391: 202–216. Morgan RPC. 1995. Soil erosion and conservation Addison-Wesley.london. 198 p. Mosaedi A, Dehghani A, Eivazi H. 2009. Investigation on the predictable drought durations by using time series. International Conference on Water Resources. (In Persian). Nazarnejad H, shahhossein T, asadzadeh .2018. Spatiol temporal variation of the rainfall erosion in west azerbaijan province. Geography and sustainability of environment. 8(27): 89–99. (In Persian). Oliver JE. 1980. Monthly precipitation distribution: a comparative index. The Professional Geographer. 32(3): 300–3009. Sadeghi S.H.R, Moatamednia M, Behzadfar M. 2011. Spatial and temporal variations in the rainfall erosivity factor in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 13(3): 451–464. SHA Hussein D, Nazar nejad H, Asadzadeh F. 2017. Study is focused on meteorological stations in Western Azerbaijan. Fourth International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management 2 and 3 June. (In Persian). Shafi'zadeh F, Mobin MH, Malaki Nejad H. 2009. The trend of drought and trends in the south of the country using the new profile RDI and Mann-Kendall, Conference Waterlogged, Behbehan, pp. 1–8. (In Persian). Shokoohi A, Morovati R. 2014. An investigation on the Urmia Lake Basin drought using RDI and SPI indices. Watershed Engineering and Management. 3(6): 232–246. (In Persian). Thornthwaite CW.1948. An approach toward rational classification of climate, Geographical Review. 38: 55–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/210739. Tsakiris G, Pangalou D, Vangelis H .2007. Regional drought assessment based on the reconnaissance drought index (RDI). Water Resour Manage. 21:821–833. Tsakiris G, Vangelis H. 2004. Towards a drought watch system based on spatial SPI. J. Water Resour. Manage. 18: 1–12. Tsakiris G, Vangelis H. 2005. Establishing a drought index incorporating evapotranspiration. European Water. 9/10:3–11. Vali M, Shanti Sree K, Iyyanki VMK. 2013. Analysis of precipitation concentration index and rainfall prediction in various agro-climatic zones of Andhra Pradesh, India. International Research Journal of Environment Sciences. 2(5):53– 61. Zhang B, Wu P, Zhao X, Wang Y. 2012. Drought variation trends in different subregions of the Chinese Loess Plateau over the past four decades. Agricultural Water Management. 115: 167–177. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,054 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 615 |
||