| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,251 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,918 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,593,281 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 93,703,129 |
کنترل شیمیایی علفهرز آبزی سنبل‌آبی (Eichhornia crassipes) | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 16، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1399، صفحه 63-78 اصل مقاله (442.8 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2020.1601.1318 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بیژن یعقوبی* 1؛ فرزین پورامیر2؛ فاطمه منصورپور3 | ||
| 1دانشیار پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور | ||
| 2استادیار موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران | ||
| 3کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سنبل‌آبی، مهمترین علفهرز مهاجم آبزی دنیا است. این علفهرز، در کمتر از دو دهه پس از ورود به ایران به‌طور گسترده‌ای در اکوسیستم‌های آبی شمال کشور گسترش یافته است. جهت معرفی علف‌کش‌های مناسب برای کنترل شیمیایی این علفهرز، دو آزمایش گلدانی در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، در سال 1395 و 1396 اجرا شد. آزمایش اول، با هدف غربال علف‌کش‌ها جهت شناسایی ترکیبات مؤثر در کنترل سنبل‌آبی انجام شد. نتایج ارزیابی‌های چشمی نشان داد که از بین 21 علف‌کش مورد بررسی، 15 علف‌کش دارای کمتر از 16 درصد و شش علف‌کش دارای بیش از 30 درصد کارایی در کنترل سنبل‌آبی بودند. آزمایش دوم با علف‌کش‌های دارای بیشترین کارایی در آزمایش نخست و با دز مورد بررسی در آزمایش اول و دز دو برابر اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که علف‌کش‌های یو46-دیفلوئید (2,4-D, SL 72%, 2160 g ai/ha)، یو46-کامبیفلوئید (2,4-D + MCPA, SL 67.5%, 2700 g ai/ha)، دی‌آلن‌سوپر (2,4-D + Dicamba, SL 46.4%, 1856 g ai/ha)، رانداپ (Glyphosate, SL 41%, 1640 g ai/ha)، نومینی (Bispyribac sodium, SC 10%, 50 g ai/ha) و کلین‌وید (Bispyribac sodium, SC 40%, 80, g ai/ha) در دز دو برابر، به‌ترتیب دارای 75، 93، 81، 93، 91 و 100 درصد کارایی در کنترل سنبل‌آبی بودند. از بین علف‌کش‌های فوق، تأثیر بازدارندگی بیس‌پایریباک سدیم (نومینی و کلین‌وید) بر زیست‌توده، سطح‌برگ و تکثیر گیاهچه‌های سنبل‌آبی در دزهای مورد بررسی، مشابه و یا بیشتر از دیگر علف‌کش‌ها بود؛ بنابراین بیس‌پایریباک سدیم به‌عنوان علف‌کش مجاز اکوسیستم‌های آبی، انتخابی برنج و فاقد تأثیر سوء برروی ماهی، برای کنترل شیمیایی سنبل‌آبی توصیه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکوسیستم آبی؛ برگ‌مصرف؛ خاک‌مصرف؛ دز علف‌کش؛ علفهرز مهاجم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Chemical control of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Bijan Yaghoubi1؛ Farzin Pouramir2؛ Fatemeh Mansourpour3 | ||
| 1Rice Research Institute | ||
| 2Assistant professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran | ||
| 3Expert of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)is the most important invasive aquatic weed in the world. This plant has expanded widely in aquatic habitats in the north of Iran in less than a decade after introduction. To introduce herbicides for chemical control of this weed, two pot experiments were conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in 2017 and 2018. The purpose of the first experiment was to screen herbicides to identify effective herbicides for water hyacinth control. Results showed that among 21 studied herbicides, 15 herbicides had less than 16% and 6 herbicides had more than 30% efficacy on water hyacinth control. The second experiment was performed with the most effective herbicides in the first experiment and with the dose studied in the first experiment and double dose. The results showed that the efficacy of U46-Difloid (2,4-D, SL 72%, 2160 g ai/ha), U46-Combifloid (2,4-D+MCPA, SL 67.5%, 2700 g ai/ha), Dialensuper (2,4-D+Dicamba, SL 46.4%, 1856 g ai/ha), Roundup (Glyphosate, SL 41%, 1640 g ai/ha), Nominee (Bispyribac sodium “BPS”, SC 10%, 50 g ai/ha) and Cleanweed (BPS, SC 40%, 80, g ai/ha) at double dose was 75, 93, 81, 93, 91 and 100% respectively. Among the investigated herbicides, the inhibitory effect of BPS (Nominee and Cleanweed) on biomass, leaf area and propagation of water hayacinth seedlings in both investigated doses was similar or more than other herbicides. Therefore, BPS as a selective herbicide for rice and authorized for aquatic ecosystems without toxicity on fish, is recommended for chemical control of water hayacinth. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aquatic ecosystem, foliar applied, herbicide dosae, invasive weed, soil applied | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akinyemiju, O.A. and Bewaji, F.A. 1990. Chemical control of water hyacinth and associated aquatic weeds at Itoikin near Lagos. Proc. 8th EWRS Symp. Aquatic Weeds. 3-8.
Ampong, N. and DeDetta, S. 1991. A Handbook for Weed Control in Rice. IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). 113 Pp. Ausden, M. 2007. Habitat Management for Conservation. Oxford University Press. 411 Pp. Caton, B., Mortimer, M., Hill, J. and Johnson, D. 2010. A Practical Field Guide to Weeds of Rice in Asia. Second Edition. IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). 118 Pp. Chauhan, B.S. and Mahajan, G. 2014. Recent Advances in Weed Management. Edited. Springer. 411 Pp. Chinnusamy, C., Janaki, P., Murali Arthanari, P. and Muthukrishnan, P. 2012. Effects of post-emergence herbicides on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) - tank culture experiment. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 18:105-111. Cobb, A. and Reade, J. 2010. Herbicides and Plant Physiology, Second Edition. A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication. 286 Pp. Costa, N.V., Martins, D., Rodella, R.A. and Rodrigues-Costa, A.C.P. 2011. Anatomical leaf changes in Eichhornia crassipes due to herbicides application. Planta Daninha. 29(1):17-23. Cousens. R. and Mortimer, M. 1995. Dynamics of Weed Populations. Cambridge University Press. 332 Pp. Cronk, J.K. and Fennessy, M.S. 2001. Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology. CRC Publishers. 308 Pp. Drake, J. 2009. Edited. Management of Invasive Weeds. Springer series in invasion ecology. Volume 5. University of Tennessee. 363 Pp. FAO. 1995. Strategies for water hyacinth control. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Report of a Panel of Experts Meeting. Published in collaboration with the: University of Florida, Gainesville. Editd by: Charudattan, R., Labrada, R., Center, T.D. and Kelly-Begazo, C. FAO. 2017. Progress on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) management. Available online: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5031e/y5031e0c.htm. Accessed: September 15, 2019. Glomski, L.M. and Mudge, C.R. 2013. Effect of subsurface and foliar applications of bispyribac-sodium on water hyacinth, water lettuce, and giant salvinia. J. Aquat. Plant Manag. 51: 62–65. Gutierrez, E., Arreguin, F., Huerto, R. and Saldana, P. 1994. Aquatic weed control. Inte. J. Water. Resou. Devel. 10:291–312. Holm, L. 1969. Weeds problems in developing countries. Weed Sci. 17: 113-118. Holm, L., Plunknett, D., Pancho, J. and Herberger, J. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. 609 Pp. ICID. 2002. Aquatic Weeds and their Management. International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. 71 Pp. Inderjit, S. 2005. Invasive Plants: Ecological and Agricultural Aspects. University of Delhi. Edited. 283 Pp. Jadhav, A., King, A., Brudvig, R., Hill, M. and Byrne, M. 2007. Integrated weed control using a retardant dose of glyphosate: A new management tool for water hyacinth? Outlook on Pest Manag. 213-216. Jafari, N. 2010. Ecological and socio-economic utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart Solms). J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manag. 14: 43-49. Julien, M., Harley, K., Wright, A., Cilliers, C., Hill, M., Center, T., Cordo, H., Cofrancesco, A., Moran, V. and Hoffmann, J. 1996. International co-operation and linkages on the management of water hyacinth with emphasis on biological control. Proc. 9th intl Symp. Boil. Control Weeds. Stellenbosch, South Africa, 19-26 January: 273-282. Lacey, A. 1985. Weed Control. In: Haskell, P.T. (ed.) Pesticide Application: Principles and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 456- 485. Lancar, L. and Krake, K. 2002. Aquatic Weeds and their Management. International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. 65 Pp. Lugo, A., Bravo-Inclan, L.A., Alcocer, J., Gaytan, M.L., Oliva, M.G., Sanchez, M.d.R., Chavez, M. and Vilaclara, G. 1998. Effect on the planktonic community of the chemical program used to control water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Guadalupe Dam, Mexico. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag. 1: 333-343. Masser, M.P., Murphy, T.R. and Shelton, J.L. 2013. Aquatic weed management: herbicides. Southern regional aquaculture center. United States Deprtment of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture.www.aces.edu/dept/fisheries/aquaculture/documents/srac361[Y1] . McComas, S. (2003) Lake and Pond Management Guidbook. Lewis Publishers, A CRC Press Company. 286 Pp. Mozaffarian, V. and Yaghoubi, B. 2015. New record of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) from north of Iran. Rostaniha. 16: 208-211. Mudge, C.R. and Netherland, M.D. 2014. Response of giant bulrush, water hyacinth, and water lettuce to foliar herbicide applications. J. Aquat. Plant Manag. 52: 75-80. Olaleye, V.F. 2002. Water quality changes in post herbicide treated water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm-Laub.) infested aquatic environment. J. Aqua. Sci. 17: 140-144. Pelangi, M., Pirmoradian, N., Allah Karimi, V and Amiri Larijani B. 2014. The effect of interfacial surface drainage on growth, physiological indices and rice yield of Tarom Hashemi. 4(4): 267-278. (In Farsi with English abstract). Seagrave, C. 1988. Aquatic Weed Control. Fishing New Books. 154 Pp. Siemering, G.S., Hayworth, J.D. and Greenfield, B.K. 2008. Assessment of potential aquatic herbicide impacts to California aquatic ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Con. Tox. 55(3): 415–431. Singh, P.S. and Muller, F. 1979. Efficacy, uptake and distribution different herbicides in the water hyacinth. Weed Sci. 23: 235-240. Villamagna, A. and Murphy, B. 2010. Ecological and socio-economic impacts of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A review. Freshw Biol. 55: 282–298. Freshw. Biol. Wersal, R.M. and Madsen, J.D. 2010. Combinations of penoxulam and diquat as foliar applications for control of water hyacinth and common salvinia: Evidence of herbicide antagonism. J. Aquat. Plant Manag. 48: 21-25. Yaghoubi, B. 2016. Distribution the invasive weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in North of Iran. Final report. Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization. 30 Pp. Register no. 50727. Ziska, L. and Dukes, J. 2011. Weed Biology and Climate Change. Blackwell Publishing. 235 Pp. Zaranyika, M.F. and Nyandoro, M.G. 1993. Degradation of glyphosate in an aquatic environment: an enzymatic kinetic model that takes in to account microbial degradation of both free and colloidal (or sediment) particle adsorbed glyphosate. J Agric. Food Chem. 41: 838-842. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,027 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 696 |
||