| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,005 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,631 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,479,605 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 30,125,377 |
اثرات جانبی برخی از مهمترین علفکشهای چغندرقند بر ماکروفیت آبزی غیرهدف | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 2، اسفند 1398، صفحه 193-206 اصل مقاله (1.55 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2020.121776.1194 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی اصغر چیت بند* 1؛ محبوبه نبی زاده2 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران. | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد علوم علف‌های‌هرز، مدیریت شعب بانک کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| افزایش گستردۀ کاربرد علفکشها در محصولات زراعی اغلب میتواند باعث آلودگی اکوسیستمهای آبی شود. ماکروفیتهای آبزینظیر عدسک آبی (Lemna minor L.) بعنوان گروهی مناسب برای ارزیابی تغییرات محیطی تحت تأثیر علفکشها مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. بهمنظور بررسی سمیت شش ترکیب تجاری علفکش شامل دسمدیفام، فنمدیفام، دسمدیفام+ فنمدیفام+ اتوفومیست، کلوپیرالید و کوییزالوفوپ-پی-اتیل و مادۀ تکنیکال کلریدازون مورد استفاده در اراضی چغندرقند کشور با استفاده از آزمون سم شناسی گیاهی استاندارد عدسک آبی (Lemna Test)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشگاه لُرستان در سال 1396 انجام شد. برای تمامی علفکشهای مورد استفاده، هشت غلظت مختلف از مادۀ مؤثره هر یک از علفکشهای فوق بصورت دُز-پاسخ بههمراه تیمار شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. ارزیابی سمیت براساس بازدارندگی سرعت رشد نسبی سطح برگ (RGR) عدسک آبی بعد از هفت روز بود. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که تمام علفکشهای مورد کاربرد رشد عدسک آبی را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. مقادیر EC50 حاصل از معادلات لگاریتم لُجستیک برازش داده شده بر روی سرعت رشد نسبی سطح برگ عدسک آبی نشان داد که علفکش دسمدیفام+ فنمدیفام+ اتوفومیست سمیت بیشتری را در مقایسه با سایر علفکشهای مورد استفادۀ چغندرقند دارد (1/04 = EC50میکروگرم برلیتر) و کاهش معنیداری را در سرعت رشد نسبی سطح برگ عدسک آبی در غلظت علفکشی بسیار کمتری از سایر علفکشها ایجاد کرده است. کلوپیرالید کمترین سمیت را نسبت به سایر علفکشها بر عدسک آبی از خود نشان داد (71/93 = EC50میکروگرم برلیتر). ترتیب سمیت گیاهی شش علفکش قابل کاربرد در چغندرقند میتواند بصورت زیر باشد: دسمدیفام+ فنمدیفام+ اتوفومیست>کلریدازون >فنمدیفام>دسمدیفام> کوییزالوفوپ-پی-اتیل> کلوپیرالید. بنابراین درصورت بکارگیری این علفکشها، باید به حد مجاز تحمل گونههای آبزی از جمله عدسک آبی که برای تشکیل زنجیرۀ غذایی و عملکرد اکوسیستمهای آبی حیاتیاند توجه داشت تا منجربهکاهشیانابودیآنهانشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دُز-پاسخ؛ رشد نسبی سطح برگ؛ فنیل کاربامات‌ها؛ عدسک آبی؛ معادله لُگاریتم لُجستیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Side effects of some of the most important sugar beet herbicides on non-target aquatic macrophyte | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. A. Chitband1؛ M. Nabizade2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran. | ||
| 2MSc. of Weed Science, Agriculture Bank of Kharasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The widespread use of herbicides in crops can often contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic macrophytes such as duckweed (Lemna minor L.) are used as a suitable group to evaluate the environmental changes caused by herbicides. To evaluate the toxicity of six commercial herbicides including desmedipham, phenmedipham, desmedipham+phenmedipham+ethofumesate, clopyralid, quizalofop‑P‑ethyl and technical substance of chloridazon used in sugar beet fields of Iran using standard phytotoxicity test of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.), an experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design with four replications at Lorestan University in 2017. For all herbicides used, eight different concentrations of the active ingredient of each of the above-mentioned herbicides were considered as dose-response with control treatment. Toxicity evaluation was based on inhibition of relative growth rate (RGR) of duckweed after seven days. The results of the experiment showed that all the herbicides used affected the growth of duckweed. The EC50 values which derived from the log-logistic fitted curves, showed that the desmedipham+phenmedipham+ethofumesate is more toxic compared with other herbicides used in sugar beet field (EC50 = 1.04 μg/L) and caused a significant decrease in the relative growth rate of duckweed at a much lower herbicide concentration than other herbicides. Clopyralid was made less toxicity effects on duckweed than other herbicides (EC50 = 71.93 μg/L). The order of phytotoxicity of the herbicides applicable to sugar beet can be as follows: desmedipham+phenmedipham+ethofumesate > chloridazon > phenmedipham > desmedipham > quizalofop‑P‑ethyl > clopyralid. Therefore, when using these herbicides, the threshold of aquatic species tolerance such as duckweed which are vital for the formation of food chains and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems should be considered as not to reduce or destroy them. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Dose-response, Duck weed, logarithm-logistic equation, Phenylcarbamates, Relative growth Rate (RGR) | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abouel-Kheir W, Ismail G, Abouel-Nour F, Tawfik T, Hammad D. Assessment of the efficiency of duckweed (Lemna gibba) in wastewater treatment. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2007; 9(5): 681-687.
Bannink AD. How Dutch drinking water production is affected by the use of herbicides on pavements. Water Science Technology. 2004; 49(3):173-181.
Bisewska J, Sarnowska EI, Tukaj ZH. Phytotoxicity and antioxidative enzymes of green microalga (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and duckweed (Lemna minor) exposed to herbicides MCPA, chloridazon and their mixtures. Journal of Environment Science Health B. 2012; 47(8): 814-22.
Cayuela ML, Millner P, Slovin J, Roig A. Duck weed (Lemna gibba) growth inhibition bioassay for evaluating the toxicity of olive mill wastes before and during composting. ChemOs. 2007; 68: 1985-1991.
Cedergreen N, Abbaspoor M, Sørensen H, Streibig JC. Is mixture toxicity measured on a biomarker indicative of what happens on a population level? A study with Lemna minor. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2007; 67: 323-332.
Cedergreen N, Andersen L, Olesen CF, Spliid HH, Streibig JC. Does the effect of herbicide pulse exposure on aquatic plants depend on Kow or mode of action? Aquatic Toxicology. 2005; 71: 261-271.
Cedergreen N, Streibig JC. The toxicity of herbicides to non-target aquatic plants and algae: assessment of predictive factors and hazard. Pest Management Science. 2005; 61: 1152-1160.
Chitband AA, Abbaspoor M, Nabizade M. Utilizing drc package in R software for dose-response studies: The concept and data analysis. Proceeding of the 12th Iranian Crop Sciences Congress; 2012 September 4-6; Islamic Azad University, Karaj. Iran. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Delorenzo ME, Scott GI, Ross PE. Toxicity of pesticides to aquatic microorganisms: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2001; 20(1): 84-98.
Doganlar ZB. Quizalofop-p-ethyl-induced phytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Journal of Environment Science Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2012; 47: 1631-1643.
Ensley HE, Barber JT, Polite MA, Oliver H. Toxicity and metabolism of 2,4-Dichlorophenol by the aquatic angiosperm Lemna sp. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 1994; 13: 325-331.
EPA US. Clopyralid; Pesticide Tolerance. 40 CFR Part 180. 2002; Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington DC.
Fairchild JF, Ruessler DS, Haverland PS, Carlson AR. Comparative sensitivity of Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor to sixteen herbicides. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1997; 32: 353-357.
Fairchild JF, Allert AL, Feltz KP, Nelson KJ, Valle JA. An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide clopyralid to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2009; 57: 725-731.
Fekete-Kertész I, Kunglné-Nagy Z, Gruiz K, Magyar A, Farkas E, Molnár M. Assessing toxicity of organic aquatic micropollutants based on the total chlorophyll content of Lemna minor as a sensitive endpoint. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering. 2015; 59(4): 262-271.
Fritz JI, Braun R. Ecotoxicological Effects of benzoxazinone allelochemicals and their metabolites on aquatic non-target organisms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2006; 54:1105-1110.
Gatidou G, Stasinakis AS, Iatrou EI. Assessing single and joint toxicity of three phenylurea herbicides using Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri bioassays. ChemOs. 2015; 119: 69-74.
Hess FD. Light-dependent herbicides: an overview. Weed Science. 2000; 48: 160-170.
Hillman WS. The Lemnaceae, or Duckweeds: A review of the descriptive and experimental literature. The Botanical Review. 1961; 27: 221-289.
Horgan DB, Zabkiewicz JA. Fluorescence decline ratio: comparison with quantum yield ratio for plant physiological status and herbicide treatment response. New Zealand Plant Protection. 2008; 61:169-173.
Lewis MA. Use freshwater plants for phytotoxicity testing: A review. Environ. Pollut. 1995; 87: 319-336.
Maeng J, Khudairi AK. Studies on the flowering mechanism of Lemna, I: amino acid changes during flower induction. Physiologiae Plantarum. 1973; 28: 264-270.
Markovska LV, Ilievska BP, Vodeb L. RP-HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of desmedipham, phenmedipham and ethofumesate in a pesticide formulation. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 2012; 3: 39-46.
Mohammad M, Itoh K, Suyama K. Effects of herbicides on Lemna gibba and recovery from damage after prolonged exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2010; 58: 605-612.
OECD. Environmental Performance of Agriculture in OECD countries since 1990. Paris, France: Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development. 2008.
Pascal-Lorber S, Rathahao E, Cravedi JP, Laurent F. Metabolic fate of [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenol in macrophytes. ChemOs. 2004; 56(3): 275-284.
Pereira JL, Mendes CD, Goncalves F. Short- and long-term responses of Daphnia spp. to propanil exposures in distint food supply scenarios. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2007; 68: 386-396.
Pokora W, Tukaj Z. Induction time of Fe-SOD synthesis and activity determine different tolerance of two Desmodesmus (green algae) strains to chloridazon: A study with synchronized cultures. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2013; 107(1): 68-77.
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2014; https://www.R-project.org/
Ritz C, Streibig JC. Bioassay analysis using R. Journal of Statistical Software. 2005; 12: 1-22.
Ritz C, Kniss AR, Streibig JC. Research Methods in Weed Science: Statistics. Weed Science. 2015; 166–187.
Seefeldt SS, Jensen JE, Fuerst E. Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose–response relationships. Weed Technology. 1995; 9(2): 218-227.
Shaner DL. Herbicide safety relative to common targets in plants and mammals. Pest Management Science. 2004; 60: 17-24.
Strasser RJ, Stirbet AD. Estimation of the energetic connectivity of PSII centres in plants using the fluorescence rise O-J-I-P; fitting of experimental data to three different PSII models. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 2001; 56: 451- 461.
Tukaj S, Bisewska J, Roeske K, Tukaj Z. Time- and dose-dependent induction of HSP70 in Lemna minor exposed to different environmental stressors. The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2011; 87: 226-230.
USFS. Clopyralid Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report. Prepared for the US Forest Service by Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. Report No. SERA TR 04-43-17-03c. December 4, 2004. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/pesticide/risk.shtml.
Vidal T, Abrantes N, Gonçalves AMM, Gonçalves F. Acute and chronic toxicity of Betanal Expert and its active ingredients on non-target aquatic organisms from different trophic levels. Environmental Toxicology. 2012; 27: 537-548.
Vidal T, Goncalves A, Pardal M, Azeiteiro U, Goncalves F. Assessing the toxicity of Betanal on growth and sensitiveness of five freshwater planktonic species. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 2009; 18: 585-589.
Vidal T, Pereira JL, Abrantes N, Soares AMVM, Gonçalves F. 2016. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of the herbicide Betanal® Expert and corresponding active ingredients to Daphnia spp. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016; 23: 13276-13287.
Wang W. Literature Review on Duckweed Toxicity Testing (Rev.). Environment Research. 1990; 52: 7-22.
Wuncheng W. Literature review on duckweed toxicity testing. Environment Research. 1990; 52: 7-22.
Ziegler P, Sree KS, Appenroth KJ. Duckweeds for water remediation and toxicity testing. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 2016; 9(10): 1127-1154. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,168 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 587 |
||