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زیست شناسی و برآورد خسارت اقتصادی سر‌شاخه‌خوار‌هلو Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) در باغ های بادام شهرستان سامان | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 87، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 109، اسفند 1398، صفحه 241-251 اصل مقاله (531.62 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: حشره شناسی کشاورزی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2019.127222.1298 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| سیامک روشندل* | ||
| عضو هیات علمی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چرخه زندگی و اهمیت اقتصادی سرشاخهخوار هلو در سالهای 1379 تا 1381 و 1395 تا 1397 در باغهای بادام شهرستان سامان استان چهارمحال و بختیاری بررسی شد. بازدیدهای هفتگی از ابتدای فصل رشد با بازدید از باغهای بادام آغاز و شاخه و میوههای آلوده جهت جداسازی و پرورش مراحل مختلف رشدی آفت به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. ردیابی تغییرات جمعیت آفت نیز با نصب تلههای فرمونی در باغهای بادام صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد آفت زمستان را به‌شکل لاروهای ریز سن اول و دوم درون سرشاخههای درختان میزبان سپری می‌نماید. لاروهای آفت با شروع فصل رشد ضمن تغذیه از سرشاخه و جوانهها سبب خشکیدگی آنها میشوند. از اواسط خرداد با بزرگ شدن میوه‌ها لاروها وارد میوههای نارس زردآلو، هلو و بادام شده و موجب ریزش آنها میشود. میانگین آلودگی چغاله بادام مامائی در سالهای 1379 و1380 به‌ترتیب 95/2 و 47/1 درصد تعیین ودر سال 1380 میزان آلودگی مغز بادام سفید در باغهای به‌شدت آلوده تا 18 درصد محاسبه شد. در همه‌ی سالهای تحقیق تعداد میوه و سرشاخه آلوده درختان هلو بیشتر از بادام بود. میزان آلودگی درختان بادام و هلو در جهتهای غرب و جنوب تاج، به‌میزان معنیداری بیشتر از جهتهای شمال و شرق بود. در شرایط آزمایشگاه با دمای 2±25 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی1050± درصد و دوره روشنایی 8 :16 ساعت، طول دوره جنینی آفت 6-5، لاروی 16-12 و شفیرگی 12-7 روز تعیین شد. آفت در شرایط آب و هوایی ناحیه سامان3 نسل در سال دارد.اوج پرواز شبپرههای نسل اول، دوم و سوم به‌ترتیب اواخر اردیبهشت، هفته دوم تیر و هفته آخر شهریور به‌دست آمد | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بادام؛ سر شاخه خوار هلو؛ خسارت اقتصادی؛ زیست شناسی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biology and economic damage of peach twig borer Anarsialineatella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)in almond orchards ofSaman | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| siamak Roshandel | ||
| Scintific member- Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Biology and economic importance of peach twig borer were investigated during 2000-2001 and 2016-2017 in almond orchards located in Saman, Chahar mahal VaBakhtiary, Iran.From the beginning of the growing season, almond orchards were visited weekly to collect infected branches and fruits transferred to laboratory to isolate and rear different developmental stages of the pest. Moreover, pest population changes were investigated by installing pheromone traps in almond orchards. Results showed that the pest spends winter in the form of first and second instar larvae within the terminal buds of the branches of host trees.Pest larvae feed on shoots and buds in the early growing season. Since mid-June, the larvae fed upon immature apricot, peach, and almond fruits, causing them to fall. The average infection rate in immature fruits of “Mamaee” almond cultivar was 2.95% and 1.47% in2000 and 2001, respectively.The amount of “Sefid” almond cultivar infection was determined18% in heavy infested orchards.The number of infested fruitand branches in peach trees were higher than almond trees.The amount of infestation in almond and peach trees in the west and south directions was statistically more than the north and east directions. In laboratory conditions, with 25± 2 °C, 50±10% RH and 8:16hours (L: D) the embryonic period of the pest along withlarval and pupal stages were lasted 5-6,12-16 and 7-12days respectively.The pest completes three generations per year.The peak of the first, second and third generation occurs in late May, the second week of July and the last week of September respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Almond, biology, economic damage, peach twig borer | ||
| مراجع | ||
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