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مطالعه تنوع مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی شش گونه مرزه Satureja spp در استان آذربایجانشرقی | ||
| تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 27، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، اسفند 1398، صفحه 252-266 اصل مقاله (1.05 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2018.123216.1316 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرید نورمند مؤید* 1؛ محمدرضا بیهمتا2؛ سیدرضا طبائی عقدائی3؛ محمد رضا نقوی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. پست الکترونیک: pomato1960@gmail.com | ||
| 3استاد پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 4استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| DOR: 98.1000/1735-0891.1398.27.253.54.2.1605.1610 مرزه (Satureja spp.) با داشتن ترکیباتی همانند تیمول و کارواکرول، جایگاه ویژهای در بین گیاهان دارویی دارد. در این پژوهش، نشاء 18 اکسشن از شش گونه مرزه در ایستگاه تیکمهداش آذربایجانشرقی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار کشت شدند. طی دو سال از صفات مورفولوژی و فیتوشیمیایی یادداشتبرداری شد. نتایج نشاندهنده تنوع بالای بین و درون گونهای بود. از بین گونهها، S. spicigera (اکسشن گنجه گیلان) با بالاترین عملکرد اسانس (4/20 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و S .sahendica(اکسشن زینجناب آذربایجانشرقی) با بیشترین درصد استقرار و کوتاهترین دوره گلدهی سازگارترین گونهها با بیشترین مقدار تیمول شناسایی شدند. مقدار تیمول با صفات وزن سرشاخه گلدار و سطح برگ همبستگی مثبت نشان داد. در تجزیه خوشهای، گونهها به سه گروه تقسیم شدند، S.bachtiarica از یزد در گروه یک، S. muticaاز خراسان شمالی در گروه دو و گونههای سازگار با آب و هوای آذربایجانشرقی (S.spicigera، S. sahendica، S. atropatanaو S. macrantha) در گروه سه قرار گرفتند. در تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی گزینش بر اساس مؤلفه اول منجر به انتخاب گونههایی با عملکرد اسانس بالا و گزینش براساس مؤلفه دوم منجر به انتخاب گونههایی با کیفیت اسانس بالا میشود. گروهبندی گونهها در نمودار بایپلات بر اساس مؤلفه اول و دوم با نتایج خوشهای و پراکنش جغرافیایی همخوانی قابل توجهی داشت. بر اساس نتایج برای مناطق سردسیر میتوان گونههای زودرس یا متوسطرس با نسبت برگ و گل به ساقه و سطح برگ بالا را انتخاب کرد و اجزای عملکرد را تا حدی بالا برد که موجب کاهش بازده اسانس نشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اسانس؛ تیمول؛ دارویی؛ سازگاری؛ خوشهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of morphological and phytochemical diversity among six (Satureja spp.) in East Azerbaijan province. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| F. Noormand Moaied1؛ M.R. Bihamta2؛ S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei3؛ M.R. Naghavi4 | ||
| 1Ph.D Student, Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran. I.R. Iran. | ||
| 2Prof., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. I.R. Iran. Email: pomato1960@gmail.com. | ||
| 3Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran. | ||
| 4Prof.College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. I.R. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Savory (Satureja spp.), due to its essential oil compounds such as thymol and carvacrol, has a special place among medicinal plants. In this study, transplants of 18 accessions of six species of savory originated from five provinces of Iran, cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Tikmehdash station of East Azerbaijan, Iran. Morphological and phytochemical traits were recorded over two years. Results showed high diversity between and within the species. Among the species, S. spicigera (Ganjeh accession from Guilan)with the highest essential oil yield (20.4 kg/h) and S. sahendica (Zinjanab accession from East Azerbaijan)with the highest establishment rate early flowering date coupled the highest amount of thymol were identified as the most compatible species. Thymol content had a positive correlation with aerial floral weight and leaf area. In cluster analysis, the species were divided into three groups: S.bachtiarica from Yazd in group 1, S. mutica from North Khorasan in group 2 and species adapted to East Azerbaijan climate: S. spicigera, S. sahendica, S. atropatana and S.macrantha in group 3. In the principle components analysis, selection based on the first and second components leads to the selection of species with high essential oil yield and oil quality, respectively. Distribution of the accession/species in the biplot diagram based on the first and second components was in agreement with the results of cluster analysis. According to the results, for cold regions, early or moderate maturity species with high proportion of leaf and flower to stem and high leaf area should be selected and the performance components should be raised to a degree that does not reduce essential oil efficiency. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Essential oil, Thymol, Medicinal, Compatibility, Cluster analysis | ||
| مراجع | ||
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