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بررسی اولیه کنترل زیستی برخی از علفهایهرز مهم مزارع گندم با استفاده از جدایههای فوزاریوم ریشه آنها | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 16، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1399، صفحه 27-36 اصل مقاله (590.15 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2020.1601.1326 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرشید نورالوندی1؛ حسن علیزاده* 2؛ حسین صارمی3؛ غلامرضا صالحی جوزانی4 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته دکتری علوم علفهای هرز، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استادگروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استادگروه گیاهپزشکی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4استاد پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این تحقیق، امکان بهرهگیری از جدایههای قارچ فوزاریوم (Fusarium spp.)، در ارتباط با ریشه برخی علفهایهرز مهم مزارع گندم به عنوان عامل کنترل زیستی آنها مطالعه شد. بذرهای جودره (Hordeum spontaneum)، یولاف وحشی (Avena ludoviciana)، چاودار (Secale cereale)، خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis) و شلمی (Rapistrum rugosum) روی خاک نمونهبرداری شده از مزارع گندم استانهای آذربایجان شرقی، البرز، تهران، خراسان رضوی، خراسان شمالی، خوزستان، فارس، قزوین، قم، کرمانشاه، گلستان، مازندران و همدان در شرایط گلخانه کشت و جدایههای فوزاریوم ریشه این گیاهان، جداسازی شدند. در مرحله اول، زیستسنجی روی گیاهچه گیاه حساس کاهو (Lactuca sativa) به عنوان گیاه محک و در مرحله بعدی روی گیاهچههای علفهایهرز انجام شد. در زیستسنجی، اثر بازدارندگی جدایهها بر رشد ریشهچه (≥70 درصد) به عنوان معیار کنترل موثر در نظر گرفته شد. در نهایت، برای ارزیابی میزبانگزینی اختصاصی، زیستسنجی جدایهها روی گیاهچه گندم رقم سیوند انجام شد. جدایههایی که به میزان مناسبی باعث بازدارندگی رشد ریشهچه علفهایهرز شدند اما برای گندم ایمن بودند (کاهش رشد ریشهچه ≤ 10 درصد)، با روشهای مورفولوژیک و مولکولی شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که یک جدایه از قارچ F. oxysporum در کنترل انتخابی خردل وحشی و شلمی، یک جدایه از قارچ F. brachygibbosum در کنترل انتخابی جودره و یک جدایه از قارچ F. equiseti در کنترل انتخابی جودره و یولاف وحشی به طرز موفقیت آمیزی عمل کردند. آگاهی از میکروارگانیسمهای مناسب برای کنترل زیستی علفهایهرز میتواند در تنوع بخشیدن به روشهای موجود و حفظ ثبات کارایی علفکشهای شیمیایی موجود یاری رسان باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ریشه؛ فوزاریوم؛ گندم؛ گیاه محک؛ میزبان گزینی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Initial Investigation on Biological Control of Some Important Weed Species of Wheat Fields Using Rhizosphere Fusariums | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farshid Nooralvandi1؛ Hassan Alizadeh2؛ Hosein Saremi3؛ Gholamreza Salehi Jozani4 | ||
| 1PhD student of Weed Science | ||
| 2. Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, University of Tehran | ||
| 3. Plant Protection Department, University of Tehran, | ||
| 4Agricultureal Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this research, the biological potential of rhizosphere Fusarium (Fusarium spp.) species to control some important weeds of wheat fields was studied. In the greenhouse, wild barely (Hordeum spontaneum), wild oat (Avena ludoviciana), rye (Secale cereale) wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), and turnipweed (Rapistrum rugosum) seeds were planted on the soils sampled from wheat fileds of East Azerbayejan, Alborz, Tehran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Khouzestan, Fars, Qazvin, Qom, Mazandaran, Kermanshah, Hamedan and Golestan provinces. Fusarium species of plants root were isolated. Effect of Fusarium isolates on seedling radicle length was considered as the criteria for successful control (inhibition of radicle length≥ 70%) in the bioassay experiments. In the first step of bioassay experiments, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedling was used as a test plant and the next step was carried out on mentioned weed species. Finally, wheat seedling of Sivand cultivar was used to evaluate the host specifity of selected isolates from pervious stages. Isolates with efficient inhibitory effects on weeds with least inhibitory (seedling radicle reduction≥ 10%) effect on wheat, were determined as successful selective biological control agents and identified with morphological and molecular methods. Results showed that one isolation of F. oxysporum on wild mustard and turnipweed, one isolate of F. brachygibbosum on wild barely and one isolate of F. equiseti on wild barely and wild oat, controlled the species very effectively. Knowledge about microbial agenets for biological control of weed species could be helpful in diversifying current management methods and maintenance of efficacy of available chemical herbicides. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Fusarium, host specifity, root, test plant, wheat | ||
| مراجع | ||
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