| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,020 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,742 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,989,817 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 47,503,985 |
تاثیر اقلیم و نظام‌هاى خاک‌ورزى بر عملکرد گندم و نخود در مناطق دیم لرستان | ||
| به زراعی نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 2، آذر 1398، صفحه 245-260 اصل مقاله (935.4 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppj.2020.125552.1072 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزاد زلقی* 1؛ احمد قنبری1؛ محسن موسوی نیک1؛ علیرضا سیروس مهر1؛ محمد امین آسودار2 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان، شهر ملاثانی، شهرستان باوی، خوزستان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی تاثیر اقلیم و نظامهای خاک‌ورزی بر عملکرد گندم و نخود دیم در استان لرستان، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار با سه نظام خاک‌ورزی شامل خاک‌ورزی مرسوم، خاک‌ورزی کاهشی و بیخاکورزی، طی دو سال زراعی 97-1396 در دو مزرعه (گندم و نخود) به طور جداگانه در سه اقلیم سرد (نورآباد)، گرم (کوهدشت) و معتدل (خرم‌آباد) استان لرستان اجرا شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها در دو سال آزمایش، اثر ساده اقلیم و اثر نظام‌هاى خاک‌ورزى بر عملکرد دانه گندم و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک؛ همچنین اثرات متقابل اقلیم و نظام‌هاى خاک‌ورزى بر عملکرد دانه نخود، درصد رطوبت حجمی، درصد کربن آلی و دمای خاک معنی‌دار بود. نتایج در هر سه منطقه استان نشان داد که، بیشترین عملکرد دانه گندم در شهرستان خرم‌آباد (22/2512 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در نظام خاک‌ورزی کاهشی (78/2422 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و بیشترین عملکرد دانه نخود در شهرستان کوهدشت در نظام خاک‌ورزی کاهشی (8/1828 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. علاوه بر این، کمترین وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک در شهرستان کوهدشت، در نظام خاک‌ورزی مرسوم (29/1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب) به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین درصد رطوبت حجمی (09/22 درصد)، بیشترین درصد کربن آلی (01/2 درصد) و کمترین دمای خاک (7/21 درجه سانتی‌گراد) در شهرستان خرم‌آباد در نظام بی خاک‌ورزی به دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی؛ بی خاک‌ورزی؛ کشاورزی دیم؛ تناوب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Grain Yield of Wheat and Chickpea and Some Soil Properties as Affected by Different Tillage Systems Under Dryland Farming Conditions of Lorestan Province in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzad Zallaghi1؛ Ahmad Ghanbari1؛ Mohsen Mousavi Nik1؛ Alireza Cyrus Mehr1؛ Mohammad Amin Asoudar2 | ||
| 1Department of agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. | ||
| 2Agricultural Mechanization Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Rural Engineering, Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Ramin Khouzestan, Molasani Town, Bawi City, Khouzestan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To investigate the effect of climate and tillage system on rainfed wheat and chickpea grain yield and some soil properties in Lorestan province, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three tillage systems included: conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and no-tillage, in three cold climates (Nurabad), warm (Kuhdasht) and temperate (Khorramabad) in Lorestan province, Iran, in 2017-18 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance revealed that the effect of climate and tillage systems on wheat grain yield and soil bulk density as well as climate and tillage system interaction effect on chickpea grain yield, soil volumetric moisture content, organic carbon content, and soil temperature was significant. The results showed that the highest wheat grain yield (2512.22 kg ha-1) obtained in Kuhdasht and between tillage systems in minimum tillage system (2422.78 kgha-1). The highest grain yield of chickpea obtained in Kuhdasht under the minimum tillage system (1828.8 kg ha-1). The lowest soil bulk density (1.29 g cm-3) obtained in Kuhdasht under conventional tillage system. The highest soil volumetric moisture content (22.09 %), the highest soil organic carbon (2.01 %), and the lowest soil temperature (21.7 ◦C) obtained in Khorramabad under no-tillage system. The results of this research showed that the highest grain yield obtained in the minimum tillage system, and lowest in no-tillage system for both crops. There was no significant difference between conventional tillage and no-tillage system for grain yield of wheat. Kuhdasht had the lowest soil bulk density under the conventional tillage system which was not significantly different from minimum tillage in Khorramabad. Based on the results of this research, grain yield of wheat and chickpea and soil properties were reasonable under minimum tillage system in dryland farming of Lorestan province in Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conservation tillage, no-tillage, minimum tillage, crop rotation, organic carbon | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alvarez, R., and Steinbach, H. S. 2009. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research Journal 104: 1-15. Anonymous. 1992. Farm resource management program. Annual Report for 1992. ICARDA. Allepo. Syria.
Arshad, M. A., and Azooz, R. H. 2003. In-row residue management effects on seed-zone temperature, moisture and early grown of barley and canola in a cold semi-arid region northwesten Canada. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18: 129-136.
Azimzadeh, S., Zaheri, A., Koocheki, A., and Pala, B. 2002. Effect of different plowing methods on porosity specific gravity, soil moisture and wheat yield in dryland conditions. Journal of Crop Science 4 (3): 209-224 (in Persian).
Blanco-Canqui, H., and Lal, R. 2008. No-tillage and soil carbon sequestration-what do farm assessment. Soil Science Society of America 72: 693-701.
Chegini, M., Ansari Doost, Sh., and Eskandari, H. A. 2014. Effect of plowing type and management of plant remains on some physical properties of soil in order to achieve sustainable agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 24 (2): 32-40 (in Persian).
Grigoras, M. A., Popescu, A., Pamfil, D., Has, I., and Gidea, M. 2012a. Conservation agriculture versus conventional agriculture: The influence of agriculture system, fertilization and plant protection on wheat yield. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40 (1):188-194.
Grigoras, M. A., Popescu, A., Pamfil, D., Has, I., and Gidea, M. 2012b. Influence of no-tillage agriculture system and fertilization on wheat yield and grain protein and gluten contents. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 10 (2): 532-539.
Hakimian, M., and Mahmoodi, Sh. 1998. Foundation of soil science. Tehran University Publications Tehran, Iran. 701pp. (in Persian).
Halvorson., A. D. Wienhold, B. J., and Black, A. L. 2002. Tillage, nitrogen and cropping systems effects on soil carbon sequestration. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66: 906-912.
Hemmat, A., and Eskandari, I. 2004. Tillage system effects upon productivity of a dryland winter wheat-chickpea rotation in the northwest region of Iran. Soil and Tillage Research Journal 78 (1): 69-81.
Jin, H., Hongwen, L., Rabi, G. R., Qingjie, W., Guohua, C., Yanbo, S., Xiaodong, Q., and Lniji, L. 2011. Soil properties and crop yields after 11 years of no tillage farming in wheat-maize cropping system in North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research Journal 113: 48-54.
Karlen, D. L., Hurley, E.G., and Andrews, S. S. 2006. Crop rotation effects on soil quality at three northern corn/soybean belt location. Agronomy Journal 98: 484-495.
Keatinge, J. D. H., and Cooper, P. J. M. 1984. Physiological and moisture-use studies on growth and development of winter sowing chickpea. pp. 141-157. In: Saxena, M. C. and Singh, K. B. (eds.) Proceeding of International workshop on Ascochyta Bligh and winter sowing chickpea. 4-7 May 1981, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
Koocheki, A., and Boroumandzadeh, Z. 2009. Soil tillage in agricultural systems. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad University Publications. Mashhad, Iran. 437pp. (in Persian).
Mohammadi, Kh., Nabiollahi, K., Agha Alikhani, M., and Khormali, F. 2009. Effect of different tillage methods on physical properties of soil and yield and yield components of wheat. Journal of Plant Production Research 16 (4): 77-91.
Qin, H. L., Gao, W. S., Ma, Y. C., Yang, S. Q., and Zhao, P. Y. 2007. Effects of no-tillage on soil properties affecting wind erosion during fallow in Ecotone of north China. Asta Ecologica Sinica 9: 3778-3784 (in Chinese).
Salajegheh, A., Seyed Alipour, M., and Hosseinalizadeh, M. 2013. Principles and management and conservation of soils. University of Tehran Press. Tehran, Iran. 670pp. (in Persian).
Schillinger, W. F., Young, D. L., Kennedy, A. C., and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Diverse no-till irrigated crop rotations instead of burning and plowing continuous wheat. Field Crops Research 115 (1): 39-49.
Walkley, A., and Black, A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37: 29-38.
Zhao, M. Q., Hao, J. G., She, D. Q., Zhao, S. J., Fan, X. Q., and Liu, H. T. 2007. Conservation tillage in the interlock region of the farming area and pastoral area. Journal Agriculture Mechanical 2: 122-125 (in Chinese). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 758 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 387 |
||